N，N’-二环己基对苯二甲酰胺合成研究

芳基酰胺类物质二环己基对苯二甲酰胺是一类β晶型PP成核剂,本研究以环己胺和对苯二甲酰氯为原料制备该成核剂,在环己胺与对苯二甲酰氯反应摩尔比为1．95～2.00、反应时间5～6h、合成反应温度82℃以上的反应条件下,合成反应收率接近80％。合成的成核剂具有较好的增刚改性效果。     

聚丙烯用酰胺类β晶型成核剂的研究进展

晶型聚丙烯具有韧性较好、热变形温度较高等优点,在许多领域具有广泛的应用前景。但是,β晶型聚丙烯仅在温度梯度、高应力场或存在特定的β成核剂等特定条件下才能获得。酰胺类β晶型成核剂是能使聚丙烯获得高β晶含量的一类高效成核剂,其在提高聚丙烯的结晶峰温度、缩短成型周期、缩小球晶尺寸的同时,能有效改善聚丙烯的抗冲击强度和耐热变形温度等性能。主要综述了聚丙烯用酰胺类β晶型成核剂在近十几年内的研究现状,包括单酰胺类、脂肪族/芳香族二酰胺类以及多酰胺类β晶型成核剂,总结了其对聚丙烯性能的影响,为β晶型成核剂及β聚丙烯的工业化应用提供了理论的指导。     

山西化工研究所开发两新型塑料助剂

山西省化工研究所完成的芳基二羧酸酰胺类聚丙烯β晶型成核剂合成新工艺和不饱和脂环二羧酸皂类聚丙烯高速结晶成核剂两个项目,日前通过山西省科技厅组织的成果鉴定。     

复合β成核剂对PP结晶行为的影响

采用一种由超细全硫化粉末橡胶粒子与芳酰胺类β成核剂复配的新型复合成核剂对聚丙烯(PP)进行改性。通过差示扫描量热法对比了复合成核剂改性PP以及芳酰胺类β成核剂改性PP的结晶温度、等温结晶动力学及非等温熔融行为。超细全硫化粉末橡胶粒子对芳酰胺类β成核剂起到助分散的作用,芳酰胺类β成核剂随着粉末橡胶更均匀地分散到PP中,成核效率显著提高。复合成核剂中少量的芳酰胺类β成核剂即可明显提高PP的结晶速率,同时获得高含量的β晶型。PP中复合成核剂的质量分数为0.15%时比较理想。     

山西化工研究所开发两新型塑料助剂

山西省化工研究所完成的芳基二羧酸酰胺类聚丙烯β晶型成核剂合成新工艺和不饱和脂环二羧酸皂类聚丙烯高速结晶成核剂两个项目,日前通过山西省科技厅组织的成果鉴定。     

山西化工研究所开发两新型塑料助剂

山西省化工研究所完成的芳基二羧酸酰胺类聚丙烯β晶型成核剂合成新工艺和不饱和脂环二羧酸皂类聚丙烯高速结晶成核剂两个项目,日前通过山西省科技厅组织的成果鉴定。     

β成核剂对聚丙烯力学性能的影响

通过在抗冲聚丙烯基础树脂中添加自主研制的酰胺型高效β成核剂,在升高聚丙烯耐热温度的同时有效提高聚丙烯树脂EPS30R的冲击强度,研究酰胺型β成核剂PA-01、TMB-5和FB-1添加量对聚丙烯树脂EPS30R力学性能的影响,通过微观形态分析增韧的内在原因,并考察成核剂对聚丙烯树脂EPS30R的成核效果。结果表明,添加β成核剂后,聚丙烯的力学性能明显改善,且β成核剂诱导聚丙烯的成核效果较好。     

二酰胺类β晶型成核剂研究应用进展

综述了二酰胺β晶型聚丙烯(PP)成核剂的制备方法及其成核机理,全面评述了二酰胺成核剂在均聚PP、共聚PP、PP与其他聚合物共混体系中的应用,介绍了二酰胺成核剂与α成核剂、有机过氧化物的复合应用进展.最后指出应重点加强二酰胺成核剂结构与成核性能关系、成核机理及与其他助剂复合规律的研究.     

山西省化工研究所两个科技成果通过鉴定

2008年12月18日，山西省科技厅组织有关专家对山西省化工研究所完成的“芳基二羧酸酰胺类聚丙烯β晶型成核剂合成新工艺”和“不饱和脂环二羧酸皂类聚丙烯高速结晶成核剂”两个项目进行了科技成果鉴定。     

酰胺型β成核剂对聚丙烯性能的影响

通过在抗冲聚丙烯基础树脂中添加自主研制的酰胺型高效β成核剂FB-1,在提高聚丙烯耐热温度的同时有效提高聚丙烯的冲击强度,介绍β成核剂的复配及超细化,研究β成核剂含量对共聚聚丙烯EPS30R冲击强度的影响,考察β成核剂改性聚丙烯的加工稳定性及β成核剂改性共聚聚丙烯的结晶行为。结果表明,加入成核剂后,聚丙烯冲击性能显著提高,β晶型聚丙烯的热稳定性及反复加工性能良好,FB-1成核剂能有效促进聚丙烯中β晶型的形成,而且β成核剂只改变β晶型含量,不改变其微观结构,β成核剂对聚丙烯中的α晶型没有影响。     

有机化工与催化 酰胺型β成核剂对聚丙烯性能的影响

通过在抗冲聚丙烯基础树脂中添加自主研制的酰胺型高效β成核剂FB-1,在提高聚丙烯耐热温度的同时有效提高聚丙烯的冲击强度,介绍β成核剂的复配及超细化,研究β成核剂含量对共聚聚丙烯EPS30R冲击强度的影响,考察β成核剂改性聚丙烯的加工稳定性及β成核剂改性共聚聚丙烯的结晶行为。结果表明,加入成核剂后,聚丙烯冲击性能显著提高,β晶型聚丙烯的热稳定性及反复加工性能良好, FB-1成核剂能有效促进聚丙烯中β晶型的形成,而且β成核剂只改变β晶型含量,不改变其微观结构,β成核剂对聚丙烯中的α晶型没有影响。     

Possible Alterations in ��-Synuclein, the Non-Amyloidogenic Homologue of ��-Synuclein, during Progression of Sporadic ��-Synucleinopathies

α-Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by progressive decline of motor and non-motor dysfunctions. α-Synuclein (αS) has been shown to play a causative role in neurodegeneration, but the pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Thus, there are no radical therapies that can halt or reverse the disease’s progression. β-Synuclein (βS), the non-amyloidogenic homologue of αS, ameliorates the neurodegeneration phenotype of αS in transgenic (tg) mouse models, as well as in cell free and cell culture systems, which suggests that βS might be a negative regulator of neurodegeneration caused by αS, and that “loss of function” of βS might be involved in progression of α-synucleinopathies. Alternatively, it is possible that “toxic gain of function” of wild type βS occurs during the pathogenesis of sporadic α-synucleinopathies, since tg mice expressing dementia with Lewy bodies-linked P123H βS develop progressive neurodegeneration phenotypes, such as axonal pathology and dementia. In this short review, we emphasize the aspects of “toxic gain of function” of wild type βS during the pathogenesis of sporadic α-synucleinopathies.     

Computational Study on the Conformation and Vibration Frequencies of β-Sheet of ?-Polylysine in Vacuum

Two oligomers, each containing 3 l-lysine residues, were used as model molecules for the simulation of the β-sheet conformation of ɛ-polylysine (ɛ-PLL) chains. Their C terminals were capped with ethylamine and N terminals were capped with α-l-aminobutanoic acid, respectively. The calculations were carried out with the hybrid two-level ONOIM (B3LYP/6-31G:PM3) computational chemistry method. The optimized conformation was obtained and IR frequencies were compared with experimental data. The result indicated that the two chains were winded around each other to form a distinct cyclohepta structure through bifurcated hydrogen bonds. The groups of amide and α-amidocyanogen coming from one chain and the carbonyl group from the other chain were involved in the cyclohepta structure. The bond angle of the bifurcated hydrogen bonds was 66.6°. The frequency analysis at ONIOM [B3LYP/6-31G (d):PM3] level showed the IR absorbances of the main groups, such as the amide and amidocyanogen groups, were in accordance with the experimental data.     

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Correlates of Altered Subunit Stoichiometry in Cys-Loop Receptors, Exemplified by Nicotinic α4β2

We provide a theory for employing Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements to determine altered heteropentameric ion channel stoichiometries in intracellular compartments of living cells. We simulate FRET within nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) whose α4 and β2 subunits contain acceptor and donor fluorescent protein moieties, respectively, within the cytoplasmic loops. We predict FRET and normalized FRET (NFRET) for the two predominant stoichiometries, (α4)₃(β2)₂ vs. (α4)₂(β2)₃. Studying the ratio between FRET or NFRET for the two stoichiometries, minimizes distortions due to various photophysical uncertainties. Within a range of assumptions concerning the distance between fluorophores, deviations from plane pentameric geometry, and other asymmetries, the predicted FRET and NFRET for (α4)₃(β2)₂ exceeds that of (α4)₂(β2)₃. The simulations account for published data on transfected Neuro2a cells in which α4β2 stoichiometries were manipulated by varying fluorescent subunit cDNA ratios: NFRET decreased monotonically from (α4)₃(β2)₂ stoichiometry to mostly (α4)₂(β2)₃. The simulations also account for previous macroscopic and single-channel observations that pharmacological chaperoning by nicotine and cytisine increase the (α4)₂(β2)₃ and (α4)₃(β2)₂ populations, respectively. We also analyze sources of variability. NFRET-based monitoring of changes in subunit stoichiometry can contribute usefully to studies on Cys-loop receptors.     

低成本大比表面积γ-Al2O3的制备

以廉价无机铝盐硫酸铝为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,十二烷基硫酸钠为添加剂,采用简单沉淀法制备得到较大比表面积γ-Al₂O₃。通过N₂低温物理吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重、元素分析、扫描及透射电镜等,研究制备过程中沉淀温度、溶液pH值和添加剂用量对产物γ-Al₂O₃及其前驱体的晶相结构、形貌织构等性质的影响。结果表明,在沉淀温度75 ℃、硫酸铝浓度0.25 mol·L^-1、溶液pH=9.0、老化时间12 h和n(十二烷基硫酸钠)∶n[Al₂(SO₄)₃]=0.375∶1条件下,所得前驱体(拟薄水铝石)经600 ℃焙烧后,可获得大比表面积(416.65 m²·g^-1)γ-Al₂O₃,并且样品中因十二烷基硫酸钠添加,引入的S及Na等杂质含量极少。     

Partial Peptide of α-Synuclein Modified with Small-Molecule Inhibitors Specifically Inhibits Amyloid Fibrillation of α-Synuclein

We have previously reported that pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) prevents the amyloid formation of α-synuclein, amyloid β_1–42 (Aβ_1–42), and mouse prion protein. Moreover, PQQ-modified α-synuclein and a proteolytic fragment of the PQQ-modified α-synuclein are able to inhibit the amyloid formation of α-synuclein. Here, we identified the peptide sequences that play an important role as PQQ-modified specific peptide inhibitors of α-synuclein. We demonstrate that the PQQ-modified α-Syn_36–46 peptide, which is a partial sequence of α-synuclein, prevented α-synuclein amyloid fibril formation but did not inhibit Aβ_1–42 fibril formation. In addition, the α-synuclein partial peptide modified with other small-molecule inhibitors, Baicalein and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), prevented α-synuclein fibril formation. Currently reported quinone amyloid inhibitors do not have selectivity toward protein molecules. Therefore, our achievements provide a novel strategy for the development of targeted specific amyloid formation inhibitors: the combination of quinone compounds with specific peptide sequence from target proteins involved in amyloid formation.     

η-Al2O3与γ-Al2O3在CS2催化水解反应中的性能比较

通过制备高纯度的前驱体湃铝石获得了η-Al₂O₃材料,采用XRD验证了η-Al₂O₃与γ-Al₂O₃在晶相结构上的差异,比较了两者的表面形貌、织构及酸碱性能,结果显示,η-Al₂O₃与γ-Al₂O₃的比表面积相当,但η-Al₂O₃具有更弱的弱碱位和较少的强碱位,并拥有丰富的中等强度酸性位。将η-Al₂O₃与γ-Al₂O₃作为催化剂应用于CS₂水解反应,结果表明,在(200~450) ℃测试温度范围内,η-Al₂O₃催化剂对CS₂的水解活性始终优于γ-Al₂O₃,两种催化剂上CS₂反应的浓度效应也明显不同,推测与它们的酸碱性质影响了对CS₂的吸附能力有关,导致两者催化CS₂水解反应遵循了不同的机制。     

Optimization of β-Glucosidase, β-Xylosidase and Xylanase Production by Colletotrichum graminicola under Solid-State Fermentation and Application in Raw Sugarcane Trash Saccharification

Efficient, low-cost enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic residues is essential for cost-effective production of bioethanol. The production of β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase by Colletotrichum graminicola was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Maximal production occurred in wheat bran. Sugarcane trash, peanut hulls and corncob enhanced β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase production, respectively. Maximal levels after optimization reached 159.3 ± 12.7 U g⁻¹, 128.1 ± 6.4 U g⁻¹ and 378.1 ± 23.3 U g⁻¹, respectively, but the enzymes were produced simultaneously at good levels under culture conditions optimized for each one of them. Optima of pH and temperature were 5.0 and 65 °C for the three enzymes, which maintained full activity for 72 h at 50 °C and for 120 min at 60 °C (β-glucosidase) or 65 °C (β-xylosidase and xylanase). Mixed with Trichoderma reesei cellulases, C. graminicola crude extract hydrolyzed raw sugarcane trash with glucose yield of 33.1% after 48 h, demonstrating good potential to compose efficient cocktails for lignocellulosic materials hydrolysis.     

聚丙烯透明成核剂研究进展

概述了聚丙烯用传统透明成核剂的种类和发展（包括木糖醇缩醛的开发、成核剂的超细化、功能化、超临界输运和多种成核剂的复配）。另外介绍了几种新型聚丙烯用透明成核剂——松香酸类、酰胺型、二环二羧酸及其盐和酰亚胺型成核剂。松香酸类成核剂主要有脱氢枞酸、松香酸盐、松香酸及其盐的混合物、脱氢枞酸及其盐的共晶体和松香酰胺，硬脂酸钙和线形低密度聚乙烯与松香酸类成核剂有协同效应。对于酰胺型透明成核剂，成核剂的化学结构（取代基类型、酰胺基团的连接方式、构型等）对改性聚丙烯的性能有明显影响。     

��-Tocopherol at Nanomolar Concentration Protects PC12 Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Death and Modulates Protein Kinase Activities

The aim of this work was to compare protective and anti-apoptotic effects of α-tocopherol at nanomolar and micromolar concentrations against 0.2 mM H₂O₂-induced toxicity in the PC12 neuronal cell line and to reveal protein kinases that contribute to α-tocopherol protective action. The protection by 100 nM α-tocopherol against H₂O₂-induced PC12 cell death was pronounced if the time of pre-incubation with α-tocopherol was 3–18 h. For the first time, the protective effect of α-tocopherol was shown to depend on its concentration in the nanomolar range (1 nM < 10 nM < 100 nM), if the pre-incubation time was 18 h. Nanomolar and micromolar α-tocopherol decreased the number of PC12 cells in late apoptosis induced by H₂O₂ to the same extent if pre-incubation time was 18 h. Immunoblotting data showed that α-tocopherol markedly diminished the time of maximal activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt)-induced in PC12 cells by H₂O₂. Inhibitors of MEK 1/2, PI 3-kinase and protein kinase C (PKC) diminished the protective effect of α-tocopherol against H₂O₂-initiated toxicity if the pre-incubation time was long. The modulation of ERK 1/2, Akt and PKC activities appears to participate in the protection by α-tocopherol against H₂O₂-induced death of PC12 cells. The data obtained suggest that inhibition by α-tocopherol in late stage ERK 1/2 and Akt activation induced by H₂O₂ in PC12 cells makes contribution to its protective effect, while total inhibition of these enzymes is not protective.