鳞片状BiVO4不锈钢网涂层的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

随着石油泄漏事故的频繁发生和工业含油废水的大量排放,现代化工油水分离问题日益突出。具有特殊润湿性的材料可以选择性透过水或油,分离效率高且操作简单而广泛应用于油水分离。本文以不锈钢网为基底,通过液相法可控制备得到具有不同尺寸、排列的BiVO₄纳米片涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、接触角测量仪对其表面形貌与润湿性能进行表征,研究BiVO₄纳米片尺寸和排列对水下疏油性能的影响。结果表明当不锈钢网表面均匀生长着鳞片状BiVO₄,且这些纳米片随机放射排列时,涂层水下油接触角达到了165.1°,倾斜角仅为2.0°,具有水下超疏油性质。将该涂层用于油水混合物的分离,分离效率均在95.0%以上且分离通量最大可达1.4×10⁴L/(m²·h),在油水分离领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。     

不锈钢网负载Al-beta分子筛涂层的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

使用二次生长法在不锈钢网表面制备了Al-beta分子筛涂层,并通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射和接触角检测对其进行了表征。Al-beta分子筛晶粒以球形呈现在不锈钢网表面,并相互交联而构成微纳双级粗糙结构,Albeta涂层表现出超亲水和水中超疏油性质。将不锈钢网负载Al-beta分子筛涂层用于分离一系列油水混合物,并考察了其耐久性和稳定性。实验结果表明,不锈钢网负载Al-beta分子筛涂层在重复使用100次后其正己烷/水分离效率仍保持在97.1%以上,酸、碱和超声等处理对其形貌和油水分离效率几乎没有影响,具备优异的耐久性、自清洁性和稳定性,在实际油水分离过程中有很大应用潜力。     

油水分离材料的制备及应用

采用电化学沉积法,以金属铜网为基底,制备出具有油水分离性能的网膜。研究发现,相比于超疏水-超亲油性铜网,超亲水-水下超疏油性铜网不但制备过程简单,而且还具有油水分离速度快、分离效果好和可多次重复使用的特点。     

油水分离材料的研究进展

含油废水对环境和人类健康都产生了严重的影响.近年来,超亲水-水下超疏油表面因具有良好的油水分离能力,而引起了研究者的广泛关注.本文将对具有油水分离性能的超亲水-水下超疏油表面的研究进展作一介绍.     

粉煤灰超疏水不锈钢网的制备及油水分离

采用树脂粘接法,将硬脂酸修饰后的粉煤灰用环氧树脂粘接在不锈钢网骨架表面,制备了超疏水不锈钢网,并对其进行了TEM、SEM、FTIR和接触角等表征。结果显示,在高倍显微镜下改性后的超疏水不锈钢网表面呈一定粗糙度的微纳米分级结构,静态水接触角高达153°。此外,该超疏水不锈钢网具有良好的机械稳定性和超疏水耐久性,其表面经机械磨损100次后水静态接触角仍高达141°。该材料用于多种油/有机溶剂与水混合液的分离中,分离效率均高于94%。     

粉煤灰超疏水不锈钢网的制备及油水分离

采用树脂粘接法,将硬脂酸修饰后的粉煤灰用环氧树脂粘接在不锈钢网骨架表面,制备了超疏水不锈钢网,并对其进行了TEM、SEM、FTIR和接触角等表征。结果显示：在高倍显微镜下改性后的超疏水不锈钢网表面呈一定粗糙度的微纳米分级结构,静态水接触角高达153°。此外,该超疏水不锈钢网具有良好的机械稳定性和超疏水耐久性,其表面经机械磨损试验100次后水静态接触角仍高达141°。该材料用于多种油/有机溶剂与水的混合液的分离中,分离效率均高于94%。     

超亲水/水下超疏油铜基网膜的制备及油水分离实验

本文以紫铜网为基底,通过溶液浸泡法制备了具有超亲水/水下超疏油性质的油水分离网膜。通过扫描电子显微镜分析铜网的表面形态,图像显示网膜表面均匀生长着密集分布的树枝状微米线粗糙结构,径向排列,层层堆叠。通过接触角测量仪分析润湿性质,水滴在铜网表面的接触角为0°,水中的油滴接触角大于155°,说明铜网在空气中具有超亲水性,在水下具有超疏油性。通过油水分离实验,发现铜网仅在重力作用下即可高效分离不同种类的油水混合液,分离效率超过90%。网膜可重复使用,易于清洁。     

耐腐蚀超疏水超亲油不锈钢网的制备及其在油水分离过程中的应用

以不锈钢网为基底,通过化学刻蚀法制备微米级粗糙表面,通过一步浸泡法将st9ber法制得的疏水亲油纳米Si O2颗粒沉积到粗糙的不锈钢网表面,制备了具有微纳二级粗糙结构的超疏水超亲油不锈钢网。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和接触角测量仪(CA)表征了超疏水超亲油不锈钢网的表面形貌、化学组成和润湿性能,并将其用于油水分离过程中。结果表明,疏水亲油纳米Si O2颗粒成功的沉积到不锈钢网表面;水滴在超疏水超亲油不锈钢网上的接触角最大为151°,煤油的接触角为0°;制备的超疏水超亲油不锈钢网不仅能高效的分离不同种类油和水的混合物,还能高效的分离油和腐蚀性液体(强酸或强碱水溶液)的混合物,其耐腐蚀特性可满足复杂环境下的油水分离要求。     

Fabrication of a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic stainless steel mesh for oil/water separation with ultrahigh flux

Because of the increasing amount of oily wastewater produced each day, it is important to develop superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic oil/water separation membranes with ultrahigh flux and high separation efficiency. In this paper, a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic N-isopropylacrylamide-coated stainless steel mesh was prepared through a simple and convenient graft polymerization approach. The obtained mesh was able to separate oil/water mixtures only by gravity. In addition, the mesh showed high-efficiency separation ability (99.2%) and ultrahigh flux (235239 L∙m^–2∙h^–1). Importantly, due to the complex cross-linked bilayer structure, the prepared mesh exhibited good recycling performance and chemical stability in highly saline, alkaline and acidic environments.     

超亲水/水下超疏油膜的制备及油水分离性能

工业生产和频繁的溢油事故产生大量的含油废水,其高效分离依然面临全球性的挑战。具有仿生浸润特性的膜可以选择性透过水或油,分离效率高且操作简单而广泛应用于油水分离。本文通过一步浸渍法将TiO₂纳米颗粒和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）原位固化到不锈钢网上制备了具有微/纳米层级结构的超亲水/水下超疏油油水分离膜。重点考察了TiO₂/PVP涂覆液浓度（质量分数1%、3%、5%、7%、9%）对膜的浸润特性和油水分离性能的影响。实验结果表明,不同TiO₂/PVP浓度改性的膜具有超亲水/水下超疏油特性,水的接触角均为0°,在水中油的接触角达160°,油水分离效率大于99.5%。膜通量随浓度的增大先减小后增加,当质量分数为3%时膜通量最大为8422.5L/（m²·h）。经过30次连续油水分离后,其分离效率仍大于99.5%,表明TiO₂/PVP-SS （stainless steel）膜有良好的耐久性和稳定性。因此,TiO₂/PVP-SS仿生特殊浸润膜材料在油水分离领域具有经济、高效、环境友好的潜在优势。     

超疏水、自清洁氟化石墨改性不锈钢网的油水分离研究

采用环氧树脂和氟化石墨（FG）纳米片对200目（75 μm）、300目（50 μm）和400目（37.5 μm）不锈钢网进行表面修饰改性,制备出具有超疏水、自清洁性能的氟化石墨改性钢网。正己烷-水、二氯甲烷-水、正癸烷-水、间二甲苯-水及柴油-水混合物可在自身重力下迅速通过氟化石墨改性钢网实现分离,且分离效率均在99.89%以上。同时,氟化石墨改性不锈钢网还具有良好的重复使用性能和机械耐久性能,在循环使用100次以及外力作用下磨损100次后,仍保持良好的超疏水性能。     

Vertically zeolitic imidazolate framework-L coated mesh with dagger-like structure for oil/water separation

The novel functional superwettable materials for high-efficiency oil/water separation are urgently required due to oil pollution in water body caused by oil tanker accidents, seabed oil production, and oil from refineries and petrochemical plants. Here, the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic zeolitic imidazolate framework-L (ZIF-L) mesh with antimicrobial effect was successfully fabricated by in-situ growth, composed of vertically ZIF-L with micro-/nanodagger-like structure and exhibited the water contact angle of 155.4 ± 1.8° and the oil contact angle of 0° in air. Furthermore, ZIF-L was verified to have an excellent antimicrobial activity, which endowed ZIF-L mesh with good antimicrobial performance. ZIF-L mesh provided a permeation flux with 1.75 × 10⁵ L m⁻² hr⁻¹ and 99.7% separation efficiency after 10 cycles operations for water mixtures with isooctane and presented optimal stability. Accordingly, the results demonstrated that ZIF-L as a new material shows an attractive applied promise for oil/water separation in industry.     

Biodegradable,superhydrophobic walnut wood membrane for the separation of oil/water mixtures

The preparation of environmentally friendly oil/water separation materials remains a great challenge. Freeze-drying of wood after lignin removal yields wood aerogels, which can be used as substrates to prepare fluorine-free environmentally friendly superhydrophobic materials, However, they are more suitable for absorption rather than filtration applications due to their poor strength. A study using cross-sections of pristine wood chips as substrates retains the original strength of wood, but the use of the cross-sectional of wood pieces limits their thickness, strength, and size. In this paper, a degradable fluorine-free superhydrophobic film (max. water contact angle of approximately 164.2°) with self-cleaning and abrasion resistance characteristics was prepared by a one-step method using pristine and activated walnut longitudinal section films as the substrate, with tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor and dodecyltriethoxysilane as a modifier. The tensile strength results show that superhydrophobic films with pristine or activated wood substrates maintained the strength of pristine wood and were 2.2 times stronger than the wood aerogel substrate. In addition, after cross-laminating the two samples, the films had the ability to separate oil and water by continuous filtration with high efficiency (98.5%) and flux (approximately 1.3 × 10³ L∙m^‒2∙h^‒1). The method has potential for the large-scale fabrication of degradable superhydrophobic filtration separation membranes.     

Fabrication of supported carbide-derived-carbon membrane by two phases of interfacial polymerization for oil/water separation

As recovery of clean and potable water from oil contaminated produced water lies at the heart of petroleum industry, various membranes have been developed to address this challenge. Given the salient features of high thermal and chemical stabilities, ceramic membranes possess huge potential for recovering potable water from produced water. A new CDC/PA@Ceramic membrane (carbide-derived carbon/polyamide on Al₂O₃ ceramic support) was fabricated by depositing carbide derived carbon (CDC) on alumina support through two phases of interfacial polymerization using piperazine and 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid crosslinked through terephthaloyl chloride. The merits of the fabricated membrane were thoroughly characterized by several characterization techniques including Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Elemental mapping, Powder X-ray diffraction and Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. The CDC/PA@Ceramic membrane showed promising performance in terms of permeate flux and separation efficiency for oil/water emulsion. The separation efficiency remained >96% for all studied emulsion-concentrations (250 ppm, 125 ppm and 67.5 ppm). The highest separation efficiency was >98% with a feed concentration of 67.5 ppm of oil/water emulsion. The highest pure water permeate flux reached 250 L/m².h at 4 bar. The long-term stability test showed that the CDC/PA@Ceramic membrane remained stable for elongated time of 720 min with constant separation efficiency of >96% and permeate flux of 58 L/m².h at 2 bars. All results were validated by visual inspection, fluorescence spectrophotometry and optical microscopy of the feed and permeate throughout the membrane performance tests. The CDC/PA@Ceramic membrane can be a potential candidate for recovering precious water from the waste produced water.     

Superhydrophobic and photothermal sponge for effective oil/water separation and solar-assisted recovery of viscous oil

With the occurrence of offshore oil spills, the recovery of viscous oil continues to be a significant issue. The multi-functional sponge with superhydrophobic, absorption of high viscosity oil is an effective approach to settle this problem. In this work, the melamine-formaldehyde (MF) sponge was the backbone and doped with polydopamine (PDA) to mimic mussels. Subsequently, candle soot nanoparticles (CS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were applied to modify the MF sponge into a superhydrophobic sponge (P-CS-PDA@MF) (WCA = 153.56°). The P-CS-PDA@MF sponge showed good absorption properties for many oils and organic solvents (33.87–78.90 times of its own weight). In addition, the P-CS-PDA@MF sponge also showed outstanding chemical stability, low density (0.013 g/cm³), emulsion-breaking ability and flame retardancy. More interestingly, the P-CS-PDA@MF sponge showed superior photothermal conversion capability, the temperature of it increased to approximately 91°C within 100 s under simulated sunlight from room temperature (about 25°C), and the sorption capacity of viscous oils was significantly increased. Moreover, the P-CS-PDA@MF sponge exhibited a high efficiency (over 97%) for separating viscous oils/water mixtures with the aid of sunlight. This versatile and efficient multifunctional P-CS-PDA@MF sponge via a simple and low-cost way shows promising prospect in oily wastewater treatment and water ecosystem remediation.