NMP萃取精馏分离芳烃和非芳烃

通过常压气液平衡和萃取精馏工艺实验说明NMP是分离芳烃和非芳烃的有效溶剂,且满足当前生态化工的要求。利用NMP中加水能够降低沸点的特点,对普通的萃取精馏双塔流程进行了改进。改进后的计算结果表明苯的收率从94．2％提高到98．2％,且整个改进过程不复杂。     

基于能量目标的芳烃萃取精馏溶剂评价模型

以NRTL活度系数模型为基础,利用Aspen Plus对不同单组分萃取剂回收芳烃的萃取精馏装置进行了全流程模拟和工艺操作参数优化。综合考虑各操作变量及其关联,提出了基于局部耦合参数迭代优化的整体协同优化策略,在保证分离要求的条件下,以能耗为目标,对萃取精馏塔(EDC)、溶剂回收塔(ERC)的进料位置、ERC回流比等关键操作参数进行优化,建立过程能耗的物性关联模型。通过分析不同溶剂对芳烃萃取精馏过程能耗和分离效果的影响,提出了基于能耗目标的芳烃萃取精馏溶剂评价模型,结果表明影响芳烃萃取精馏过程能耗的关键物性为溶剂的分子量及常压沸点,所建立的过程能耗关联模型具有较高的关联性,其R2均大于0.9,可有效指导萃取精馏溶剂选择,为计算机辅助分子设计提供简化的目标函数。     

碳九芳烃萃取精馏的模拟实验和计算

用具有39层实际板,并可在9层取样板上实测液相组成和温度的小型筛板塔进行了以DMP 为溶剂分离 C_9芳烃原料的萃取精馏模拟实验。用三对角矩阵法和2N-Newton-Raphson 法的改进联合算法对实删结果进行了模拟计算。计算值与实测值比较,总绝对平均偏差为0.98%。证明对 C_9-DMP 体系所建立的汽液平衡模型和萃取精馏塔的数学模型及其模拟算法是精确可靠的。     

改进的UNIFAC模型在萃取精馏溶剂选择的应用

针对基团贡献法在萃取精馏溶剂选择的运用，首先测定了乙醇一水等七个共沸体系在相应的萃取剂体系中的汽液平衡数据，然后对溶剂的选择性进行了分析并考察了溶剂比(质量比)对轻重组分之间相对挥发度的影响；利用修正的UNFIAC模型对实验数据进行了关联和比较，计算值和实验值的相对误差均在5．0％以内；与萃取精馏溶剂选择的其它方法相比，利用改进的UNIFAC模型预测和实验相结合的方法在实际运用中更具有高效性。     

环丁砜萃取精馏过程模拟分析及工艺参数优化

以环丁砜-烃类相平衡数据和NRTL-RK热力学方法为基础,对环丁砜萃取精馏过程进行了全流程模拟和工艺操作参数优化。综合考虑各个操作变量及其关联,提出了基于局部耦合参数迭代优化的整体协同优化的策略。通过文献数据回归和Aspen Plus物性估算系统相结合,补充修正了缺失的模型参数,并以此模拟分析了各关键操作参数对环丁砜萃取精馏过程能耗和分离效果的影响。结果表明：当萃取精馏塔操作压力为0.17 MPa,溶剂回收塔操作压力为0.05 MPa时,贫溶剂最佳温度为100℃,原料饱和气相进料的最佳进料位置为第50块塔板;溶剂回收塔最佳回流比为0.33;最佳进料位置为第6块塔板,汽提水量为2853 kg·h^-1。优化后,装置最小热公用工程由1.158 GJ·t^-1下降至0.802 GJ·t^-1,节能效果显著。     

萃取精馏溶剂选择的研究进展

本文概括论述了萃取精馏过程中影响溶剂选择的因素，在此基础上着重介绍了溶剂的选择方法，性质约束方法可分为：试验法，经验筛选和活度系数法；计算机优化方法可分为计算机辅助分子设计法和人工神经网络法，对上述方法的适用性作了详细的讨论。     

萃取精馏的溶剂再生

简要叙述了萃取精馏的溶剂再生工艺过程及重要性,并对溶剂再生中存在的问题进行了分析与总结。     

间歇萃取精馏技术和进展

对间歇萃取精馏技术和进展进行了评述，从间歇萃取精馏的操作方式，操作可行性，操作优化等几方面介绍了间歇萃取精馏的研究情况，指出存在的问题和发展方向。     

通过官能团选择萃取精馏的溶剂

A method to select solvent for extractive distillation is proposed by UNIFAC group contribution. Solvent selectivity can be divided into two parts: the partial combinatorial solvent selectivity and the partial residual solvent selectivity. The properties of partial combinatorial and residual solvent selectivity are demonstrated. In most cases,the partial residual solvent selectivity is predominant. The candidate groups of solvent can be selected by group interaction parameter using UNIFAC group interaction parameter table as a guide.     

芳烃萃取精馏工艺的探讨

从溶剂性质、工艺流程、操作参数和产品质量等方面对N-甲酰基吗啉和环矴砜萃取精馏工艺进行了分析探讨。结论:采用环矴砜两苯萃取精馏工艺有着非常优越的市场竞争力。     

Hybrid model for optimization of crude oil distillation units

Planning, scheduling, and real time optimization are currently implemented using different types of models, which causes discrepancies between their results. This work presents a single model of a crude distillation unit (preflash, atmospheric, and vacuum towers) suitable for all of these applications, thereby eliminating discrepancies between models used in these decision processes. Product true boiling point (TBP) curves are predicted via partial least squares model from the feed TBP curve and operating conditions (flows, pumparound heat duties, furnace coil outlet temperatures). Combined with volumetric and energy balances, this enables prediction of crude distillation on par with a rigorous distillation model, with 0.5% root mean square error (RMSE) over a wide range of conditions. Associated properties (e.g., gravity, sulfur) are computed for each product based on its distillation curve and corresponding property distribution in the feed. Model structure makes it particularly amenable for development from plant data. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1065–1078, 2016     

基于特征选择的常减压装置模型及在计划优化中的应用

常减压装置将原油切割为不同中间产品,其作为炼油工艺的龙头装置,对炼油过程生产计划排产与效益提升至关重要。通过建立一种高精度且具有良好求解效率的常减压模型,用以求解模型关键指标实沸点（TBP）曲线,即综合考虑切割产品的实沸点（TBP）与原油TBP、流量、温度等变量影响,构建非线性方程组模型来表征输入输出间的关系;利用特征选择方法遴选相关变量（包括进料性质、相邻TBP及其二次项等）,并采用鲸鱼优化算法优化方程组系数。仿真结果表明,该多输出相互关系模型与已有文献工作相比,在兼顾求解效率基础上,常减压装置各蒸馏切割产品TBP曲线预测上有更高的精度,将此模型应用到炼厂计划优化中,与传统的悬摆切割模型对比,优化结果优于传统悬摆切割模型。     

Product tri-section based crude distillation unit model for refinery production planning and refinery optimization

Accuracy of a crude distillation unit (CDU) model has a significant impact on refinery production planning. High accuracy is typically accomplished via nonlinear models which causes convergence difficulties when the entire refinery model is optimized. CDU model presented in this work is a mixed-integer linear model with a modest number of binary variables; its accuracy is on par with rigorous tray to tray CDU models. The model relies on the observation¹² that a line through the middle of the product true boiling point (TBP) curve depends on the crude feed properties and the yields of the adjacent products. Novelty of the product tri-section CDU model is that it does not require models of individual distillation towers comprising the CDU, thereby leading to a much simpler model structure. Significant reduction in the computational effort required for the optimization of nonlinear refinery models is illustrated by comparison with previous work.     

基于塔总组合曲线的内部热耦合精馏塔优化设计方法

基于塔总组合曲线（CGCC）,提出了一种简化内部热耦合精馏塔（HIDiC）结构的图形设计方法。在完成精馏段（或提馏段）单塔段中间换热器优化设置的基础上,结合精馏段与提馏段CGCC的集成图,以HIDiC的可减小过程总（火用）损为目标,确定HIDiC热耦合中间换热器的最优设计。以苯乙烯-乙苯HIDiC为例,计算结果表明,设置中间换热器后,HIDiC可减小过程总（火用）损最大值为1.951 MW,HIDiC的冷凝器、再沸器负荷分别下降63.6%和68.4%;热耦合中间换热器分别设置于精馏段第2、12、和38块塔板,提馏段第20、28和36块塔板,热负荷依次为0.841、1.496和2.053 MW。     

Energy consumption hierarchical analysis based on interpretative structural model for ethylene production

Interpretative structuralmodel (ISM) can transformamultivariate probleminto several sub-variable problems to analyze a complex industrial structure in a more efficient way by building a multi-level hierarchical structure model. To build an ISM of a production system, the partial correlation coefficient method is proposed to obtain the adjacency matrix,which can be transformed to ISM. According to estimation of correlation coefficient, the result can give actual variable correlations and eliminate effects of intermediate variables. Furthermore, this paper proposes an effective approach using ISMto analyze themain factors and basic mechanisms that affect the energy consumption in an ethylene production system. The case study shows that the proposed energy consumption analysis method is valid and efficient in improvement of energy efficiency in ethylene production.     

一种基于自适应回归核函数的污水处理能耗模型

针对污水处理过程能耗模型难以建立的问题,提出了一种基于自适应回归核函数的建模方法。通过分析污水处理过程的运行特点,构建能耗与运行过程变量之间的关系,得到一种基于过程变量的能耗模型表达;同时利用梯度下降算法对能耗模型参数进行自适应调整,提高模型精度。最后,将设计的能耗模型应用于污水处理过程基准仿真平台BSM1和实际污水处理厂,实验结果表明该模型能够根据污水处理过程变量实时获得污水处理过程的能耗,具有较好的自适应特性和较高的精度。     

A molecular design method based on the COSMO‐SAC model for solvent selection in ionic liquid extractive distillation

In this study, a molecular design method was used to select solvents for extractive distillation. A COSMO‐SAC model was used to screen for prospective solvents from a wide variety of ionic liquids for extractive distillation. Based on the COSMO‐SAC model, the σ‐profile database of ILs was established. Selectivity and solubility were used as the indexes for solvent screening. According to the molecular design method, three suitable extractive distillation solvents were determined for acetonitrile‐water and ethanol‐cyclohexane systems. Vapor ‐ liquid equilibrium experiment were used to test chosen ILs. This study showed that the experimental and design results were consistent with each other. Therefore, this method is effective and applicable to pick ILs solvents for extractive distillation, and the results could provide a theoretical foundation for industrial production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2853–2869, 2016     

Evaluation of pyrolysis parameters for fiberglass reinforced polymer composites based on multi‐objective optimization

This study was conducted to investigate the ability of global, multi‐objective/variable optimization methods to estimate material parameters for comprehensive pyrolysis models—thermo‐physical and optical properties of two fiberglass reinforced polymer (FRP) composites that share the same fiberglass. With these optimization methods used in pair with a comprehensive pyrolysis model, parameter estimation was carefully conducted with considerations given to applying appropriate thermal decomposition kinetic models (three different models from simple to complex) and optimization targets (cone calorimeter data irradiated at 50 kW/m²). Estimation results are compared with independently measured effective properties—thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and emissivity of polymer resins and FRPs. Additionally, fiberglass properties estimated from the two FRPs are compared to analyze for consistency in optimized values. The results show that for a well‐configured parameter estimation exercise using the optimization method described earlier, (1) estimated results are within ±100% of the measurements in general and sometimes comparable to effective property values, (2) increasing complexity of the kinetic modeling for a single component system has insignificant effect on estimated values, and (3) increasing complexity of the kinetic modeling for a multiple component system with each element having different thermal characteristics has positive effect on estimated values. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于IFOA-KELM-MEA模型的游梁式抽油机采油系统井下工况的短期预测

实现对井下工况的预测是及时掌握抽油井生产状态的有效方法,对提高油井生产效率和降低维护成本具有十分重要的意义。采用混沌理论实现抽油井井下工况的短期预测,首先将所提取的示功图的不变曲线矩特征向量作为预测变量,在证明其数据序列具有混沌特性后,由核极限学习机（kernel extreme learning machine,ELM）建立混沌时间序列预测模型,对其中的几个不确定参数采用改进的果蝇优化算法（improved fruit fly optimizationalgorithm,IFOA）进行优化选取,IFOA采用全局群体多样进化和局部个体随机变异的策略,最后,对模型所预测的结果进行物元分析（matter-element analysis,MEA）,诊断其属于哪种故障类型。由某油田作业区的两口生产井进行实例验证,结果表明所提出的IFOA-KELM-MEA预测模型是合理有效的。