多孔Al_2O_3/SiC、MoSi_2/SiC复合材料的制备及吸波性能

以Si、Al_2O_3、Mo Si_2微粉和生物竹材为原料,采用包埋烧结法分别制备出SiC 多孔材料、Al_2O_3/SiC 、Mo Si_2/SiC 复合材料。采用XRD、SEM及波导法测试其物相组成、显微结构及吸波性能。结果表明:Mo Si_2/SiC 复合材料的厚度为2 mm时有明显的吸波特性,有效吸收带宽在X波段的9.65～12.4 GHz频率范围内达2.75 GHz,且最低反射损耗为-38.27 d B。Al_2O_3/SiC 复合材料孔道内的Al_2O_3与SiC 晶须交缠,形成大量电偶极矩,产生介电损耗;Mo Si_2/SiC 复合材料除介电损耗外还存在电阻损耗,使得复合材料电磁损耗增加,是较有前途的结构功能吸波材料。     

片状FeSiAl/Al2O3共填充聚偏氟乙烯复合材料的吸波导热性能研究

以片状铁硅铝(FeSiAl)与氧化铝(Al₂O₃)为功能填料、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基体制备了系列吸波导热复合材料，同时加入硅烷偶联剂进行表面改性，详细研究了不同填料的配比与偶联剂处理对复合材料吸波和导热性能的影响。结果表明，经偶联剂处理后，当片状FeSiAl与Al₂O₃的填充量都仅为20%(质量分数，下同)时即获得良好吸波性能，最低反射损耗值达到了-37.1 dB，而当FeSiAl与Al₂O₃的含量分别为20%和30%时，热导率较纯PVDF提升了168.2%；通过将片状FeSiAl和Al₂O₃两种填料进行复配并结合偶联剂处理，在较低填充量下实现了吸波和导热性能的兼顾提升。     

MoSi_2对C_f/SiC/Ni复合材料微观结构及吸波性能的影响

以葡萄糖、Si粉、碳纤维为原料,镍为催化剂,采用水热反应-烧结法制备了C_f/SiC/Ni和C_f/MoSi_2/SiC/Ni复合吸波材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、波导法分别表征了C_f/SiC/Ni和C_f/MoSi2/SiC/Ni复合材料的相组成、微观结构和吸波特性。结果表明:C_f/SiC/Ni复合材料上生长的Si C纳米线稀疏且分布不均匀;厚度为1.5 mm时,在8.20 GHz处最小反射损耗为–14.61 dB,有效吸收带宽为0.23 GHz。C_f/MoSi_2/SiC/Ni复合材料的碳纤维表面生长大量SiC纳米线,分布致密且均匀;厚度为2.0 mm时,在9.10 GHz时最小反射损耗为–34.14 dB,有效吸收带宽达2.18 GHz。与C_f/SiC/Ni复合材料相比,添加MoSi_2的C_f/MoSi_2/SiC/Ni复合材料吸波性能更好,说明MoSi_2可有效改善C_f/SiC/Ni复合材料的微观结构及吸波性能。     

MoSi2对Cf/SiC/Ni复合材料微观结构及吸波性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

以葡萄糖、Si粉、碳纤维为原料,镍为催化剂,采用水热反应-烧结法制备了Cf/SiC/Ni和Cf/MoSi2/SiC/Ni复合吸波材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、波导法分别表征了Cf/SiC/Ni和Cf/MoSi2/SiC/Ni复合材料的相组成、微观结构和吸波特性。结果表明:Cf/SiC/Ni复合材料上生长的Si C纳米线稀疏且分布不均匀;厚度为1.5 mm时,在8.20 GHz处最小反射损耗为–14.61 dB,有效吸收带宽为0.23 GHz。Cf/MoSi2/SiC/Ni复合材料的碳纤维表面生长大量SiC纳米线,分布致密且均匀;厚度为2.0 mm时,在9.10 GHz时最小反射损耗为–34.14 dB,有效吸收带宽达2.18 GHz。与Cf/SiC/Ni复合材料相比,添加MoSi2的Cf/MoSi2/SiC/Ni复合材料吸波性能更好,说明MoSi2可有效改善Cf/SiC/Ni复合材料的微观结构及吸波性能。     

微波诱导SiC改性Co-Ce/Al2O3催化剂催化氧化甲苯性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备SiC改性5%Co-2.5%Ce/Al₂O₃催化剂,研究了不同SiC负载量改性催化剂的吸波升温性能和催化氧化甲苯性能。结果表明,随着SiC负载量的增加,催化剂吸波升温性能逐渐增强。SiC最佳负载量为5%时,催化剂催化氧化甲苯性能最佳,催化剂具有较大的比表面积和适宜的微孔结构。甲苯催化氧化活性评价结果表明,5%Co-2.5%Ce/5%SiC-Al₂O₃催化剂对不同甲苯浓度具有较强适应性,对中低浓度的甲苯降解效果显著。空速低于15 000 h^-1时催化剂能发挥高效催化作用,微波功率在120～385 W有利于甲苯的催化氧化。     

低损耗高耐压Al2O3基低温共烧陶瓷

为获得低介电损耗、高耐压强度的Al₂O₃基低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)材料,采用固相法制备了x(6La₂O₃·24CaO·50B₂O₃·20SiO₂)(LCBS)+(1–x)Al₂O₃玻璃/陶瓷。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、矢量网络分析仪、高压击穿试验仪、高温介电温谱仪对烧结样品的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明：添加适量的LCBS玻璃粉有助于提升材料的致密性、降低介电损耗、提高击穿场强。同时,复阻抗谱分析表明,LCBS玻璃的加入可以显著提高玻璃/陶瓷的电阻率和活化能。当玻璃含量(摩尔分数)为44%时,850℃烧结0.5 h,可获得性能优异的LTCC陶瓷材料G44:ε_r=7.14,Q×f=5 769 GHz(f=13 GHz),E_b=57.44 kV/mm。     

NiCo2O4/BPC复合材料的制备及吸波性能研究

以紫菜为碳源、KOH活化法制备的生物质衍生多孔碳为基体,采用水热法及高温煅烧成功合成钴酸镍/生物质衍生多孔碳（NiCo₂O₄/BPC）复合材料。利用XRD、SEM对样品进行表征分析,并利用矢量网络分析仪（VNA）对其吸波性能进行测试。结果表明,NiCo₂O₄/BPC复合材料具有远远高于生物质多孔碳和钴酸镍材料的电磁波吸收性能。当匹配厚度为5.5 mm、频率为6.24 GHz时,样品的最小反射损耗值可以低至-43.20 dB,此时有效吸收带宽为3.3 GHz。该多孔结构的碳材料可有效改善纳米复合材料的阻抗匹配条件,提高材料的衰减能力,从而获得优异的微波吸收性能。     

还原的氧化石墨烯/CoFe2O4的膜分散-水热法制备及其吸波性能

基于双膜分散技术与水热法相结合的思想,在较低温度条件下,短时间内合成了还原的氧化石墨烯(rGO)/CoFe₂O₄纳米复合材料,并研究了rGO/CoFe₂O₄的吸波性能。通过 XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM、TG/DSC、IR测试手段对rGO/CoFe₂O₄进行表征,采用矢量网络分析仪测定了复合材料在2~18GHz范围内复介电常数和复磁导率的变化,并利用计算机模拟材料在不同厚度下电磁波的衰减性能。结果表明:在透明绢丝状石墨烯的表面及边缘负载了粒度均匀的纳米CoFe₂O₄粒子;单一纳米CoFe₂O₄的反射率损耗为-3.59dB。而mCoFe₂O₄:mGO为10:7的样品的吸波层厚度在2~3mm之间变化时,微波吸收效果显著增强,厚度为3mm时,出现最大微波衰减值-9.2dB,并且微波吸收峰随着吸波层厚度的增加而向低频移动。相比于单一纳米CoFe₂O₄粉体,rGO/CoFe₂O₄纳米复合材料对电磁波的吸收效果有了大幅度的提高。     

Al2O3/ACF复合电极材料的制备及性能表征

以H₃PO₄预处理后的活性炭纤维(ACF)毡为原料,采用浸渍煅烧法制备Al₂O₃/ACF复合电极材料;通过扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积及孔径分析仪(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)对负载Al₂O₃前后活性炭纤维的微观结构与电化学性能进行表征,利用自制的电吸附装置对NaCl模拟废水进行电吸附性能测试。结果表明,采用浸渍煅烧法成功制备了Al₂O₃/ACF复合电极材料,Al₂O₃/ACF复合体表面及孔道中有絮状或颗粒状的Al₂O₃存在,比表面积从1244.37 m²·g^-1降为974.59 m²·g^-1;同时,Al元素含量为1.06%,Al₂O₃以无晶相无定形态存在于纤维表面;Al₂O₃/ACF表面形成一些Al O键的官能团,其比电容比ACF提高76.5%。负载Al₂O₃后的ACF电极材料电吸附性能增强,除盐效率较ACF原样电极提升了2.3倍,且电极具有可再生性。Al₂O₃/ACF复合材料可以作为电极材料用于去除废水中的无机盐离子。     

Al2O3/AC正极选择性电容吸附水中氟离子

氟是人类生命活动必需的微量元素之一,但人体摄入过多的氟元素会引发氟斑牙、骨骼变形等氟中毒现象。本文以活性炭 （AC） 为载体,在多孔Al₂O₃纳米分散液中采用简单超声处理,得到Al₂O₃/AC复合材料。场发射扫描电镜证明Al₂O₃成功负载在AC表面,5% Al₂O₃在AC表面分布均匀。N₂吸-脱附测试结果表明Al₂O₃/AC复合材料的比表面积比AC有明显增加。循环伏安、恒流充放电及电化学阻抗测试结果表明Al₂O₃的掺杂可以改善AC的离子导电性,提高比电容;5% Al₂O₃/AC导电性最佳,比电容最高,在7 mmol·L^-1 NaF溶液中为92 F·g^-1,是AC比电容 （62 F·g^-1） 的1.5倍。以Al₂O₃/AC为正极的电容去离子 （CDI） 脱氟测试,结果表明5% Al₂O₃/AC电极脱氟量最大,达234 μmol·g^-1,远高于纯AC的脱氟量 （115 μmol·g^-1）。此外,5% Al₂O₃/AC电极对F^-的选择性吸附性能良好,在含F^-、Cl^-和SO₄^2-的模拟高氟地下水中采用5% Al₂O₃/AC电极对应的三组CDI池串联,可脱除80%的F^-、25%的Cl^-和56%的SO₄^2-,同时经过十次F^-吸脱附循环后,氟去除率仍可保持81%,证明5% Al₂O₃/AC电极对F^-具有良好的选择吸附性和循环稳定性。该电极材料制备简单,脱氟选择性好,在CDI过程中有望用于高氟地区地下水的净化脱氟。     

Development of Al2O3–SiC composite tool for machining application

Al₂O₃–SiC composites containing up to 30 wt.% of dispersed SiC particles (280 nm) were fabricated via hot-pressing and machined as cutting tools. The Al₂O₃–SiC particulate composites exhibit higher hardness than their unreinforced matrix because of the inhibited grain growth by adding SiC and the presence of hard secondary phase (SiC). The fracture toughness of the composites remains constant up to 10 wt.% loading of SiC. For machining heat-treated AISI 4144140 steel, the Al₂O₃–10 wt.% SiC composite tool showed the longest tool life, seven times longer than a commercial tool made of Al₂O₃–TiC composite, while the composite tool with 5 wt.% SiC showed the longest tool life for machining gray cast iron. The improved performance of the Al₂O₃–SiC composite tools attributes to the transformation of fracture mode from intergranular fracture for Al₂O₃ to intragranular fracture for Al₂O₃–SiC composites.     

MoSi2–Al2O3 electroconductive ceramic composites

Al₂O₃–MoSi₂ composites with MoSi₂ volume fractions between 16 and 40% were fabricated from commercial ceramic Al₂O₃ and intermetallic MoSi₂ powders by granulation, cold isostatic pressing and vacuum-sintering. The addition of MoSi₂ had only a slight influence on the densification of the composites, with sintered densities of 98% for samples with 16 vol.% MoSi₂ and 94% for samples with 40 vol.% MoSi₂. Composites with MoSi₂ contents of 20 vol.% and higher were electroconductive due to the formation of a three-dimensional percolating network of the conductive MoSi₂ phase.     

Microstructure and flexure creep behaviour of SiC-particle reinforced Al2O3 matrix composites

The flexure creep behaviour of monolithic Al₂O₃ and 10 vol% SiC-particle reinforced Al₂O₃ matrix composites was investigated in air atmosphere at 1160 to 1400 °C and under a stress of 40 to 125 MPa. Two kinds of SiC particles with different particle sizes and oxygen contents were used in the composites, one having an average size of 0.6 μm with 1.7 vol% SiO₂ impurities and the other of average size 2.7 μm with 3.4 vol% SiO₂ impurities. Compared with the creep behaviour of monolithic Al₂O₃ the strain rate of the composites with 0.6 μm SiC particles did not decrease; however, the composites with 2.7 μm SiC particles exhibited excellent creep resistance. Microstructure analysis showed that the Al₂O₃ grains in the composites with 0.6 μm SiC particles were mainly equiaxed with most of the SiC particles lying at the grain boundaries or triplegrain junctions, whereas the grain features of the composites with 2.7 μm SiC particles were irregular and elongated and most of the SiC particles were entrapped into Al₂O₃ matrix grains. It was revealed that the entrapment of 2.7 μm SiC particles into Al₂O₃ matrix grains was related to the high SiO₂ impurity content on SiC particle surfaces, and the change of grain morphology and the good high-temperature oxidation resistance were responsible for the creep resistance increase of the composites with 2.7 μm SiC particles.     

Polysilazane derived micro/nano Si3N4/SiC composites

The pyrolised polysilazanes poly(hydridomethyl)silazane NCP 200 and poly(urea)silazane CERASET derived Si–C–N amorphous powders were used for preparation of micro/nano Si₃N₄/SiC composites by hot pressing. Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃ and Y₂O₃–Yb₂O₃ were used, as sintering aids. The resulting ceramic composites of all compositions were dense and polycrystalline with fine microstructure of average grain size <1 μm of both Si₃N₄ and SiC phases. The fine SiC nano-inclusions were identified within the Si₃N₄ micrograins. Phase composition of both composites consist of , β modifications of Si₃N₄ and SiC. High weight loss was observed during the hot pressing cycle, 12 and 19 wt.% for NCP 200 and CERASET precursors, respectively. The fracture toughness of both nanocomposites (NCP 2000 and CERASET derived) was not different. Indentation method measured values are from 5 to 6 MPa m^1/2, with respect to the sintering additive system. Fracture toughness is slightly sensitive to the SiC content of the nanocomposite. Hardness increases with the content of SiC in the nanocomposite. The highest hardness was achieved for pyrolysed CERASET precursor with 2 wt.% Y₂O₃ and 6 wt.% Yb₂O₃, HV 23 GPa. This is a consequence of the highest SiC content as well as the chemical composition of additives.     

Oxidation of carbon black over various Pt/MOx/SiC catalysts

Catalytic activities of various Pt/MO_x/SiC systems for carbon oxidation under simulated diesel exhaust gas were investigated in temperature-programmed reactions. When Pt/MO_x (MO_x=TiO₂, ZrO₂, Al₂O₃) was loaded onto silicon carbide (SiC), the oxidation activities became higher than those of Pt/MO_x alone or other Pt/MO_x/SiC systems (MO_x=Ta₂O₅, WO₃, Nb₂O₅, SnO₂, SiO₂, CeO₂, MoO₃, V₂O₅). Among them, Pt/TiO₂/SiC exhibited the highest activity. We discuss the activity of MO_x=TiO₂, ZrO₂, and Al₂O₃ in connection with NO oxidation activity, adsorption of sulfate onto the support, Pt dispersion, and specific surface area of the catalyst. Furthermore, we investigated the catalytic performance of Pt/TiO₂/SiC in more detail under isothermal conditions and in a staged arrangement.     

Mechanical properties of Al2O3 + ZrO2 + nano-SiCp ceramic composites

The mechanical properties of Al₂O₃ matrix composites reinforced by ZrO₂(2 mol% Y₂O₃) and nanometre scale SiC dispersions have been investigated. It is shown that the Al₂O₃ matrix is simultaneously strengthened and toughened by both ZrO₂(2 mol% Y₂O₃) and nano-SiC particles. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites are 945 MPa and 7.3 MPam^1/2, respectively. The reinforcing effect of both t-m phase transformation of ZrO₂ (2 mol% Y₂O₃) and nano-SiC particles appears to be synergetic.     

Al2O3和SiC微滤膜的疏水改性及其油固分离性能研究

以正辛基三乙氧基硅烷和乙醇分别作为改性剂和溶剂,采用接枝聚合法对平均孔径为500 nm的Al₂O₃膜和SiC膜进行疏水改性,考察了改性剂浓度、改性液温度和改性时间对膜表面疏水效果的影响,并对比了疏水改性前后两种陶瓷膜的表面性质及疏水改性后的油固分离性能,进行了反冲实验和稳定性测试。结果表明,两种陶瓷膜材料在改性剂浓度为0.2 mol·L^-1,改性液温度为40℃,改性时间为12 h时,疏水改性效果最好,得到的疏水Al₂O₃膜和SiC膜的水接触角分别为134°±1°和140°±1°,经改性后的SiC膜的疏水效果优于Al₂O₃膜。在油固分离实验中,疏水Al₂O₃膜和SiC膜均对固体炭黑有良好的截留性能,但疏水改性对SiC膜的油品通量提升更为显著,两种膜的稳态通量分别为1134 L·m^-2·h^-1和1408 L·m^-2·h^-1。反冲操作对疏水SiC膜的通量恢复更有利。     

酒石酸改性BT增强PP复合材料导热与介电性能

以酒石酸为改性剂,对钛酸钡（BT）颗粒进行表面改性,制备了聚丙烯（PP）/纳米氧化铝（Al₂O₃）/改性BT系列3相复合材料。通过傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、介电频谱仪、导热分析仪对复合材料的红外光谱、微观形貌、介电性能、导热性能等进行分析表征。结果表明,酒石酸对BT颗粒的表面改性能有效改善BT、Al₂O₃等无机填料与PP聚合物的相容性,进而改善与聚合物基体间的界面连接,促进BT、Al₂O₃等颗粒在PP中的均匀分散,从而同时提升复合材料的导热和介电性能;当PP、BT与Al₂O₃的体积比为5∶4∶1时,改性BT/Al₂O₃/PP 3相复合材料的导热系数由0.90 W/m?K提升至1.24 W/m?K,在100 Hz时的相对介电常数由18提高到21.2,介电损耗同时由0.055降低至0.035,在25～130 ℃的温度区间中,改性后的复合材料介电性能保持优异的温度稳定性,介电常数温度系数为-124×10^?6 ℃^?1,比未改性复合材料的介电常数温度系数降低了62.8 %。     

Damage resistance and R-curve behavior of multilayer Al2O3/SiC ceramics

Damage resistance and R-curve behavior of multilayer Al₂O₃/SiC ceramics were evaluated in bending by the indentation-strength and the single-edge-notched-beam methods. Due to the crack deflection at the Al₂O₃/SiC interfaces, a plateau indentation strength response was achieved, suggesting an exceptional resistance to contact-induced damage. Moreover, fracture toughness was observed to increase from 8.0 to 15.5 MPa m^1/2 with increasing notch depth from 0.5 to 2.0 mm, indicative of a strong R-curve behavior.     

Effect of Al2O3 on mechanical properties of Ti3SiC2/Al2O3 composite

The effect of Al₂O₃ on mechanical properties of Ti₃SiC₂/Al₂O₃ composite fabricated by SPS was studied systematically. The results show that the hardness of the Ti₃SiC₂/Al₂O₃ composite can reach 10.28 GPa, 50% higher than that of pure Ti₃SiC₂. However, slight decrease in the other mechanical properties was observed with Al₂O₃ addition higher than 5–10 vol.%, which is believed to be due to the agglomeration of Al₂O₃ in the composite.