基于时序定量遥感的冬小麦长势监测与估产研究

遥感技术是高效、客观监测农作物生长状态的重要手段,对农业生产管理具有重要意义。以安徽龙亢农场为研究区,收集了中高分辨率多源卫星遥感数据并进行了定量化处理,构建了冬小麦叶绿素密度、叶面积指数的遥感反演模型,生产了长时序冬小麦植被参数卫星遥感产品。通过监测冬小麦叶绿素密度、叶面积指数的时序变化规律,分析了不同品种冬小麦的长势情况,发现高产量小麦在越冬期长势显著优于低产量小麦。在此基础上,构建了基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)的冬小麦估产模型,结果表明:利用小麦抽穗期和乳熟期的累计NDVI值可以实现产量的精确估算,据此绘制了龙亢农场2017年冬小麦产量遥感估算地图,产量分布与实际种植情况吻合良好。实现了基于时序卫星定量遥感数据的冬小麦长势监测和产量预测,为区域范围内农作物长势监测提供了一种有效途径。     

基于时序定量遥感的冬小麦长势监测与估产研究

遥感技术是高效、客观监测农作物生长状态的重要手段，对农业生产管理具有重要意义。以安徽龙亢农场为研究区，收集了中高分辨率多源卫星遥感数据并进行了定量化处理，构建了冬小麦叶绿素密度、叶面积指数的遥感反演模型，生产了长时序冬小麦植被参数卫星遥感产品。通过监测冬小麦叶绿素密度、叶面积指数的时序变化规律，分析了不同品种冬小麦的长势情况，发现高产量小麦在越冬期长势显著优于低产量小麦。在此基础上，构建了基于归一化植被指数（NDVI）的冬小麦估产模型，结果表明：利用小麦抽穗期和乳熟期的累计NDVI值可以实现产量的精确估算，据此绘制了龙亢农场2017年冬小麦产量遥感估算地图，产量分布与实际种植情况吻合良好。实现了基于时序卫星定量遥感数据的冬小麦长势监测和产量预测，为区域范围内农作物长势监测提供了一种有效途径。     

冬小麦播期的卫星遥感及应用

播种日期对冬小麦生长发育、产量和品质形成均有一定的影响。利用2003年拔节期的Landsat TM卫星的NDVI数据．成功地监测了冬小麦的播种日期。提出了基于NDVI和播种日期的冬小麦的遥感估产的优化模型，并在抽穗期至乳熟期的3次生育期的遥感估产中得到了成功验证与应用。利用出粉率与播种日期的显相关特性，采用拔节期的Landsat TM卫星的NDVI数据，成功预测了小麦籽粒的出粉率。     

基于数据机理的植被叶面积指数遥感反演研究

定量获取地表植被高精度时序及空间覆盖的叶面积指数（Leaf Area Index, LAI）是生态监测及农业生产应用的重要研究内容。通过使用Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer（MODIS）植被冠层多角度观测MOD09GA数据及叶面积指数MOD15A2数据,发展了一种参数化的叶面积指数遥感反演方法并完成了必要的检验分析。研究使用基于辐射传输理论的RossThick LiSparse Reciprocal（RTLSR）核驱动模型及Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves with Hotspot（SAILH）模型进行植被冠层辐射特征的提取,使用Anisotropic Index （ANIX）异质性指数作为指示植被冠层二向反射分布Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function（BRDF）的辅助特征信息,发展了基于数据机理（Data-Based Mechanistic, DBM）的植被叶面积指数建模和估算方法。通过必要的林地、农作物、草地植被实验区反演及数值分析可得知：①时间序列多角度遥感观测数据结合数据机理的叶面积指数估算方法,可实现模型参数的时序动态更新,改进叶面积指数估算结果的时序完整性及精度。②异质性指数可以用做指示植被冠层二向反射分布特征信息,可降低因观测数据几何条件差异所导致的反演结果不确定情况,同时能够补充植被时序生长过程表现的植被结构变化等动态特征。经研究实践,可将算法应用于时空尺度的叶面积指数估算,并能够为生态、农业应用提供植被的高精度遥感监测指标。     

基于植被指数的叶绿素密度遥感反演建模与适用性研究

利用遥感数据反演叶绿素密度是对作物长势进行评估的有效手段.本文利用实测冬小麦和夏玉米两种作物、不同生育期的冠层光谱和叶片叶绿素含量数据,收集了14种光谱指数,分析各种光谱指数的叶绿素密度遥感模型的精度.优选了其中的8种植被光谱指数,建立了植被指数与叶绿素密度之间的回归模型,并利用不同生育期小麦数据和玉米数据对各模型进行验证,分析评价它们对不同生育期、不同作物类型的适用性.研究发现:利用SRI、RVI I、R-M和MTCI 4种植被指数所建模型对冬小麦不同生育期数据适用性较好,各生育期冠层叶绿素密度反演相对误差优于27％.其中,MTCI模型对不同作物类型的适用性最好,冠层叶绿素密度反演相对误差优于35％.     

物候信息在大范围作物长势遥感监测中的应用

大范围的农作物长势监测可以为农业政策的制订和粮食贸易提供决策依据,也是农作物产量估测的必要前提。遥感估算的作物生物量是评价作物长势的主要群体特征指标,在大范围上开展作物长势监测时,不同区域的作物因为所处的物候阶段不同而导致生物量存在差异,这种差异与因作物长势状况差别而产生的差异混合在一起,增加了长势监测结果的不确定性。以中国河南、山东两省为研究区,以MODIS 250 m NDVI产品数据为主要数据源,结合改进的CASA模型实现了区域内冬小麦生物量的估算,结合冬小麦生长过程特征进行了典型物候期的监测。在此基础上,分析了扬花期前后物候差异对冬小麦生物量估算的影响,研究其特定物候阶段的变化规律,从而实现了生物量的物候归一化,初步探索了如何消除大区域物候差异对作物长势监测与评估的影响。     

基于TM影像的冬小麦苗期长势与植株氮素遥感监测研究

叶面积指数和叶片氮素含量是决定小麦群体长势的重要生理指标,也是制定栽培管理措施的必要依据。利用遥感监测小麦返青后的叶面积指数和叶片氮素含量,便于及时采取施肥、灌溉、中耕等调控措施,达到优质、高产稳产、高效的目的。本文使用TM影像数据与实地GPS定位相结合的方法,研究了冬小麦返青后叶面积指数及植株氮素含量的变化态势。结果表明:(1)TM影像的NDVI的地域性差异较大,且随纬度呈现极明显的线型负相关变化态势;(2)将用NDVI反演的LAI与实测的LAI进行比较,二者较为一致,其均方差根(RMSE)为0.111;(3)利用NDVI监测的小麦植株氮素含量与实地观测的植株氮素含量较为相近,二者的RMSE为0.085。总之,利用TM影像的NDVI可以快速、精确地监测返青期小麦的LAI和植株氮素营养状况。同时,本研究结果也可为冬小麦返青期的苗情诊断和管理决策提供及时、准确的信息支持。     

利用高时空融合数据监测冬小麦收割过程

针对难以对农作物收割过程进行有效地遥感监测这一难题,采用时空数据融合模型重构出空间分辨率为30m,时间分辨率为1d的高时-空分辨率遥感数据对农作物收割进度进行监测。针对冬小麦收割前后NDVI变化呈现的线性特征,计算时序NDVI的曲率,通过曲率确定阈值进行收割信息提取。结果表明:采用面向对象的SVM分类方法提取研究区冬小麦种植信息,Kappa系数为0.901,面积误差为2.61%;时空数据融合模型的结果与真实影像间的相关系数为0.77(红波段)和0.78(近红外波段),能够较好地重构出冬小麦收割时期的影像;通过提取NDVI变化曲线曲率接近于0时的冬小麦NDVI值来确定阈值,实现了冬小麦收割过程信息的遥感提取。     

基于ISODATA法的冬小麦产量分级监测预报

以江苏省姜堰市为例,进行了基于TM卫星遥感技术和小麦估产模型的冬小麦产量监测研究。在利用GPS实地采样调查和建立解译标志的基础上,通过影像校正、采用优化的ISODATA分类方法,结合人机交互式判读解译等操作,将样点的作物信息数据贯穿到整个校验分类过程中,信息解译精度在90%以上。利用分类提取的冬小麦数据,反演叶面积指数、生物量信息等,结合冬小麦估产模型,计算单点产量信息,经过线性转换,对整个区域的冬小麦产量进行监测预报,并制作了冬小麦产量分级专题图。     

利用HJ星遥感进行水稻抽穗期长势分级监测研究

对水稻长势进行遥感分级监测,制作能够直观反映水稻长势等级的遥感专题图,便于农业技术人员及时制定有效的田间管理措施,达到增产的目的。以江苏省泰兴市为例,利用HJ-A/B卫星遥感影像,提取水稻的种植面积并分析抽穗期水稻的长势情况。在利用GPS实地取样调查和建立解译标志的基础上,进行HJ-A/B卫星影像校正,人机交互式判读解译等操作,并将GPS样点数据校验贯穿到整个分类过程中,面积信息解译精度在90%以上。最后,利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)反演叶面积指数(LAI)数据信息,依据LAI数据进行水稻长势分级,制作了泰兴市水稻抽穗期长势分级遥感监测专题图。     

A novel two-step method for winter wheat-leaf chlorophyll content estimation using a hyperspectral vegetation index

Remote sensing estimation of leaf chlorophyll content is of importance to crop nutrition diagnosis and yield assessment, yet the feasibility and stability of such estimation has not been assessed thoroughly for mixed pixels. This study analyses the influence of spectral mixing on leaf chlorophyll content estimation using canopy spectra simulated by the PROSAIL model and the spectral linear mixture concept. It is observed that the accuracy of leaf chlorophyll content estimation would be degraded for mixed pixels using the well-accepted approach of the combination of transformed chlorophyll absorption index (TCARI) and optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI). A two-step method was thus developed for winter wheat chlorophyll content estimation by taking into consideration the fractional vegetation cover using a look-up-table approach. The two methods were validated using ground spectra, airborne hyperspectral data and leaf chlorophyll content measured the same time over experimental winter wheat fields. Using the two-step method, the leaf chlorophyll content of the open canopy was estimated from the airborne hyperspectral imagery with a root mean square error of 5.18 μg cm^?2, which is an improvement of about 8.9% relative to the accuracy obtained using the TCARI/OSAVI ratio directly. This implies that the method proposed in this study has great potential for hyperspectral applications in agricultural management, particularly for applications before crop canopy closure.     

基于植被指数融合的冬小麦生物量反演研究

作物群体生物量是形成产量的物质基础,遥感技术是高效、客观监测作物地上生物量的重要手段,对农业生产管理具有重要意义.以安徽省龙亢农场为研究区,通过PROS AIL模拟光谱分析了 4个LAI相关的可见光-近红外植被指数、2个叶片干物质相关的短波红外植被指数和8个融合植被指数与冬小麦地上生物量的关系,并建立反演模型.模拟结果...     

Correlation between potato yield and MODIS‐derived vegetation indices

Monitoring of crop growth and forecasting its yield well before harvest is very important for crop and food management. Remote sensing images are capable of identifying crop health, as well as predicting its yield. Vegetation indices (VIs), such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) calculated from remotely sensed data have been widely used to monitor crop growth and to predict crop yield. This study used 8 day TERRA MODIS reflectance data of 500 m resolution for the years 2005 to 2006 to estimate the yield of potato in the Munshiganj area of Bangladesh. The satellite data has been validated using ground truth data from fields of 50 farmers. Regression models are developed between VIs and field level potato yield for six administrative units of Munshiganj District. The yield prediction equations have high coefficients of correlation (R ²) and are 0.84, 0.72 and 0.80 for the NDVI, LAI and fPAR, respectively. These equations were validated by using data from 2006 to 2007 seasons and found that an average error of estimation is about 15% for the study region. It can be concluded that VIs derived from remote sensing can be an effective tool for early estimation of potato yield.     

Estimation of the dynamics and yields of cereals in a semi-arid area using remote sensing and the SAFY growth model

In semi-arid areas, a strongly variable climate represents a major risk for food safety. An operational grain yield forecasting system, which could help decision-makers to make early assessments and plan annual imports, is thus needed. It can be challenging to monitor the crop canopy and production capacity of plants, especially cereals. In this context, the aim of the present study is to analyse the characteristics of two types of irrigated and non-irrigated cereals: barley and wheat. Through the use of a rich database, acquired over a period of two years for more than 30 test fields, and from 20 optical satellite SPOT/HRV images, two research approaches are considered. First, statistical analysis is used to characterize the vegetation’s dynamics and grain yield, based on remotely sensed (satellite) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measurements. A relationship is established between the NDVI and LAI (leaf area index). Different robust relationships (exponential or linear) are established between the satellite NDVI index acquired from SPOT/HRV images, just before the time of maximum growth (April), and grain and straw, for barley and wheat vegetation covers. Following validation of the proposed empirical approaches, yield maps are produced for the studied site. The second approach is based on the application of a Simple Algorithm for Yield Estimation (SAFY) growth model, developed to simulate the dynamics of the LAI and the grain yield. An inter-comparison between ground yield measurements and SAFY model simulations reveals that yields are underestimated by this model. Finally, the combination of multi-temporal satellite measurements with the SAFY model estimations is also proposed for the purposes of yield mapping. Although the results produced by the SAFY model are found to be reasonably well correlated with those determined by satellite measurements (NDVI), the grain yields are nevertheless underestimated.     

Yield prediction and waterlogging assessment for tea plantation land using satellite image‐based techniques

Motivated by the operational use of remote sensing in various agricultural crop studies, this study evaluates the application and utility of remote sensing‐based techniques in yield prediction and waterlogging assessment of tea plantation land in the Assam State of India. The potential of widely used vegetation indices like NDVI and SR (simple ratio) and the recently proposed TVI has been evaluated for the prediction of green leaf tea yield and made tea yield based on image‐derived leaf area index (LAI), along with weather parameters. It was observed that the yield model based on the TVI showed the highest correlation (R² = 0.83) with green leaf tea yield. The NDVI‐ and SR‐based models suffered non‐responsiveness when the yield approached maximum. The NDVI and SR showed saturation when the LAI exceeded a magnitude of 4. However, the TVI responded well, even when the LAI exceeded 5, and thus has potential use in the estimation of the LAI of dense vegetation such as some crops and forest where it generally exceeds the threshold value of 4.

An attempt was made for the innovative application of TCT and NDWI in the mapping of waterlogging in tea plantation land. The NDWI in conjunction with TCT offered fairly good accuracy (87%) in the delineation of tea areas prone to waterlogging. This observation indicates the potential of NDWI and TCT in mapping waterlogged areas where the soil has considerable vegetation cover.     

利用航空成像光谱数据进行冬小麦产量预测

以国产成像光谱仪PHI(Pushbroom Hyperspectral Imaget)所获遥感影像数据为基础，根据田间冬小麦单产遥感研究试验数据建立了研究区不同时相冬小麦单产预测模型，实现了利用航空高光谱遥感数据对研究区小麦产量的整体预测；对试验区土壤氮素水平与不同时相冬小麦预测产量以及试验区实测产量进行了初步分析，分析结果显示：土壤氮素分布的差异性对小麦的产量有明显影响。     

在植物生长周期内县级区域植被指数的时空演变特征分析

采用１９９１至１９９２年晴空时的ＮＯＡＡ卫星ＡＶＨＲＲ资料，计算甘肃省河东地区６０个县（市）作物和牧草生长周期内标准化差植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）的平均值和标准差，并逐县绘制其时间演变曲线和直方图。选取以农作物、草地和森林草地混合为主的三类县作对比分析，研究县级区域植被指数时空变化与作物和牧草生育期的关系。分析１９９１至１９９２年度冬小麦生长周期内遇到严重干旱的情况，为干旱监测、估产和区分土地使用类型选择最佳时相提供依据