近壁面静止圆球的尾迹特性

圆球在大空间均匀来流下的绕流特性已得到了广泛的研究,但是壁面对圆球绕流特性的影响还未清楚。通过实验方法研究了与壁面接触的静止圆球在明渠流中的绕流特性,重点关注了圆球后尾迹的特性。研究发现,圆球尾迹存在三种状态:稳定状态、非稳定对称状态和非稳定非对称状态。当Re150时,尾迹呈稳定状态,尾迹关于垂直于壁面的平面对称;当150Re400时,尾迹呈对称状态,Reynolds数较高时,圆球后存在规则的、周期性的涡脱落,Strouhal数为0.26～0.33,脱落涡关于垂直于壁面的平面对称,此时尾迹功率谱的频带分布较宽;而当Re400时,圆球后的涡脱落不再对称,尾迹随着Reynolds数的增大呈现混沌特征。     

凹壁面切向射流近壁面单颗粒尾流特性的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟研究了凹壁面切向射流作用下近壁面圆球型颗粒对流体流动特性的影响,模拟获得的尾涡结果与实验示踪剂图像吻合较好。研究了颗粒尾流的涡旋结构及其演变过程,考察了雷诺数Re=700～10 000时颗粒周围速度、涡量及流线变化。结果表明,随着雷诺数增加,颗粒的影响区域涡量增强,涡量的峰值始终出现在颗粒迎流面,颗粒后侧的回流区显著收缩。Re≥2000时在射流展向颗粒后侧存在两个尾涡,流体的切向速率和涡量均发生周期性波动。对颗粒的升力和阻力进行了监控,Re=2000时旋涡脱落频率对应的斯特劳哈尔数St=0.000 854,升力功率谱中峰值对应的St=0.001 52;Re=10 000时阻力功率谱没有发现峰值,升力功率谱中峰值对应的St=0.008 74。     

波纹壁面上流动液膜涡的生成特性

针对液膜在非平整壁面上流动过程中生成涡的现象,基于VOF方法,采用FLUENT软件模拟了三维波纹壁面上的液膜流动。研究了波纹结构内涡结构的演化过程,分析入口Reynolds数、波纹结构、壁面倾角、流体黏度和表面张力对波纹结构内涡结构的影响。结果表明：随着时间的演化,涡的大小和形状不断变化,最终达到稳定。且涡结构变化对自由液面的波动影响显著。较低Re和波形度时,波纹结构内不易形成涡,随着Re和波形度增大,产生涡且涡呈增大趋势,涡的形态也随之改变,自由液面位置升高,其相位滞后于波纹壁面。当壁面倾角改变时,波纹结构内的涡特性变化较大,液膜厚度略有增加,而自由液面相位不明显。表面张力对涡结构有显著影响,液膜流动过程中不容忽视。流体黏性改变时,波纹结构内涡的大小和形状无明显的变化。黏度变小和忽略表面张力时,液膜厚度均变薄。以上结果为工业设备生产、运行和设计提供了一定参考依据。     

THE DISSOLUTION OR GROWTH OF A SPHERE

The problem of the dissolution or growth of an isolated, stationary, sphere in a large fluid body is analyzed. The motion of the boundary as well as the resulting motion in the liquid are properly taken into account. The governing equations are solved using a recently developed technique (Subramanian and Weinberg, 1981) which employs an asymptotic expansion in time. Results for the radius of the sphere as a function of time are calculated. The range of utility of the present solution is established by comparison with a numerical solution of the governing equations obtained by the method of finite differences.     

THE DISSOLUTION OR GROWTH OF A SPHERE

The problem of the dissolution or growth of an isolated, stationary, sphere in a large fluid body is analyzed. The motion of the boundary as well as the resulting motion in the liquid are properly taken into account. The governing equations are solved using a recently developed technique (Subramanian and Weinberg, 1981) which employs an asymptotic expansion in time. Results for the radius of the sphere as a function of time are calculated. The range of utility of the present solution is established by comparison with a numerical solution of the governing equations obtained by the method of finite differences.     

非流线型双绕柱旋涡流量计流体振动特性的研究

The characteristics of the dual bluff body vortex shedding is investigated, and the possibility to use dual bluff body combinations to strengthen the hydrodynamic vibration around the bluff body objects is explored. The numerical and experimental approaches were utilized to examine the time dependent flow field and the pressure oscillation around the bluff bodies. The numerical data were obtained by the advanced large eddy simulation model. The experiment was conducted on a laboratory scale of Karman vortex flowmeter with 40 mm diameter. It is revealed that the optimized dual bluff body combinations strengthened the hydrodynamic vibration. It was also found that the hydrodynamic vibration with 180° phase difference occurred at the axisymmetric points of circular pipe on the lateral faces of the equilateral triangle-section bluff bodies. Using the dual bluff body configuration and the differential sensing technique, a novel prototype of vortex flowmeter with excellent noise immunity and improved sensibil     

气泡上升过程中尾流演变的VOF数值模拟

利用VOF（volume of fluid）方法对静止水中气泡的自由上升过程进行了数值模拟,研究了初始直径不同的气泡自由上升时尾流的演变过程。研究发现气泡自由上升过程中其尾流有对称脱落、过渡态和周期性脱落三种运动状态,其中过渡态是介于对称脱落和周期性脱落之间的非稳定性脱落。气泡上升过程中其形状由球形转变为椭球形。尾流的对称脱落发生在气泡处于椭球形状且沿直线上升的过程;随着气泡的继续上升,当气泡的长轴与水平方向产生夹角时,尾流就会由对称脱落转变为过渡态（非稳定性脱落）;最终,尾流会转变为周期性脱落。2.4 ~3.7 mm气泡尾流运动状态发生转变的临界Reynolds数不同,且随气泡初始直径的增大而增加。直径为2.4 ~3.7 mm气泡的尾流周期性脱落的频率为31 ~39 Hz,且频率随气泡直径的增大而减小。     

Wall effect for the fall of spheres in cylindrical tubes at high reynolds number

New experimental results on the wall effect for sphere motion in cylindrical tubes are presented and discussed for the conditions d/D ≤ 0.9 and Re_m ≤ 20000. Extensive comparisons with previous studies have been carried out to evaluate their predictability and to demonstrate the utility of the present results. The wall factor, defined as the ratio of settling velocity in an unbounded medium to that measured in a cylindrical tube, is found to depend on sphere-to-tube diameter ratio and on sphere Reynolds number. However, for small values of the Reynolds number (Re ≤ 0.5), as well for large values (Re ≥ 1000), the Reynolds number dependence of the wall factor disappears; in these regions, only the dependence on diameter ratio remains.     

甲醇水冷器噪声振动计算分析及防声振动设计

利用换热器计算软件Aspen HTFS+对甲醇水冷器进行了声振动计算和预测,计算结果表明:在运行过程中设备会产生强烈的噪声振动,与生产现场情况完全吻合,同时针对消除声振动提出了改进措施,并对设备结构进行合理优化。     

氯酸钠结晶过程中的手性对称破损特性

采用水溶法生长了NaClO3晶体(完成10个不同组别的100次结晶实验,每个组别循环次数均为1-10次),研究了NaClO3晶体手性对称破损,探讨了晶体成核和生长过程中手性对称破损的温度循环效应.实验结果表明:随着循环次数从1～10次的递增, 该晶体的对映异构体过剩(crystal enantiomeric excess,CEE)从0.81增加到0.97.同时,每一组别中CEE的数值分布则从较宽范围的(0.47～1)改变为较窄范围的(0.92～1).结晶温度的升-降反复循环,对于NaClO3晶体成核和生长过程中的手性对称破损起着非常重要的作用.此方法可应用于对映异构体的结晶提纯.     

液体横掠热圆柱体时旋涡脱落的频谱分析

引言 流体(液体)横掠柱体时的工况是许多工业设备特别是换热器工作的主要工况.在这种工况下,流体横掠柱体的旋涡脱落特性、流动参数的分布、柱体受力及流动阻力等均是设备运行和设计的关键问题.而这些问题均源自流体横掠柱体时旋涡的脱落,因此,对流体横掠柱体旋涡脱落特性特别是其频谱特性的研究,对设备的高效节能、安全和稳定运行有重要意义.     

Sedimentation of a sphere along the axis of a long square duet filled with non-newtonian liquids

Based on extensive experimental results, it is shown that the retardation effect caused by the confining walls on the free settling velocity of a sphere is smaller with square walls than that with cylindrical boundaries. This is true for both Newtonian and power law fluids, provided the particle Reynolds number is small (< about 5). The values of the wall factor for Newtonian liquids are in excellent agreement with theory (up to R / L ≤ 0.1) while those for power law fluids have been correlated empirically via a linear relationship. The results reported here encompass the following ranges of conditions: 1 ≥ n ≥ 0.7; Re < 15 and 0.024 < R/L < 0.238.