首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Yao WANG  Yiyun TANG 《化工学报》1951,71(10):4409-4428
As the most promising energy conversion and storage devices, fuel cells and metal-air batteries are of great benefit in alleviating the energy and environmental problems. However, the sluggish oxygen electrode reactions, including oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for fuel cell and ORR couple with oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for zinc-air batteries, seriously limit the efficient of both types of devices. In recent years, single-atoms catalysts (SACs) have been proposed to improve the kinetics of oxygen electrode reaction. Therefore, for these two types of oxygen electrode reactions, this review firstly summarized their possible mechanism. Then, the SACs were classified by the different metal elements for both ORR and OER. Thus, noble-metal-based and non-noble-metal-based catalysts have been summarized in these two reactions. At the same time, a summary of the dual-function catalyst and its application in zinc air batteries is also given. Finally, in view of the current problems and future development directions of SACs, suggestions are put forward, aiming to pave the way for the design and development of monoatomic oxygen electrode catalysts.  相似文献   

2.
王尧  唐艺芸 《化工学报》2020,71(10):4409-4428
燃料电池和金属-空气电池作为目前最具发展前景的能量转换和储存设备,对于缓解人类发展所面临的能源与环境问题大有裨益。然而,较差的氧电极反应,如燃料电池中的氧还原反应以及锌空电池中的氧还原及析氧反应,却限制着这两类装置的高效运行。近年来,人们提出了利用单原子催化剂(SACs)来提高氧电极反应的反应动力学。因此,针对两类氧电极反应,本综述根据构成活性位点的不同金属元素进行了分类总结,重点关注了各类催化剂的共性及进展。同时,还对具有双功能的催化剂及其在锌空电池的应用进行了总结。最后,针对SACs目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向提出了建议,旨在为单原子氧电极催化剂的设计及发展指明道路。  相似文献   

3.
氧还原催化剂的开发和研究一直影响着燃料电池和空气电池的发展。文章利用配位络合法制备了多壁碳纳米管负载的三乙烯四胺钴催化剂,并对催化剂进行了电化学测试,利用旋转环盘对表观电子转移数和双氧水生成率进行了研究,最后进行了单电池的测试。从结果来看,该催化剂最佳制备条件为:最佳焙烧温度为800℃,最佳Co含量为30%(wt%)。从单电池性能来看,碳纳米管载体体现出良好的扩散性能。  相似文献   

4.
商业铂碳催化剂价格高昂,开发非铂材料是推进燃料电池商业化的关键一步。本文首先介绍了燃料电池氧还原反应电催化剂的研究背景,接着分别介绍了非贵金属、非金属以及复合材料的催化剂,并对各类催化剂的活性位点和催化机理进行了简要的评述。其中,过渡金属的氮碳化物成本低廉,具有较高的催化活性以及优异的稳定性,是最有望替代贵金属Pt的一类催化剂。杂原子的掺杂能够改变碳材料的表面电荷分布,提升碳材料的催化活性。将过渡金属的氮碳化物和特殊结构的碳材料有效结合,可以设计出具有双功能的复合材料。最后,针对非铂催化剂存在的问题进行了分析并提出了今后工作的几个方向,为今后非铂电催化剂的研究提供参考。高活性高稳定性的非铂催化剂是未来该领域的重点研究方向。  相似文献   

5.
Hydrogen fuel cell technology is gaining significant attention as a promising alternative for decarbonizing automotive vehicles. At the heart of hydrogen fuel cell technology is the electrode, composed of catalysts, supports, binders, and pores, which facilitates the half-cell reactions and often governs the efficiency of fuel cells. Over the last decade, scientists have made great strides in discovering catalyst, support, and binder materials featuring unique nanostructures and compositions that significantly enhance the efficiency of those devices. While innovations must continue, we must not overlook how these materials are put together to form an electrode and how it impacts the overall efficiency. This perspective article discusses the urgent need for developing alternative electrodes for designing next generation hydrogen fuel cells.  相似文献   

6.
在原子水平上精确调控电催化剂的组成是增强其氧还原(ORR)性能的有效途径。本文采用简单的一步溶剂热还原法制备了由不同PdCu组成的超薄双金属纳米片自组装而成的三维(3D)合金纳米花(Pd1Cux NCFs)。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描透射电子显微镜-能谱仪(STEM-EDS)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段系统表征了Pd1Cux NCFs的形貌、晶体结构及成分。相比于传统二维(2D)纳米材料,Pd1Cux NCFs丰富的快速传质路径、较高的Pd原子利用效率和更强的PdCu双金属间协同作用使得其在碱性介质中表现出增强的ORR性能。另外,本文还研究了Pd、Cu前体用量对ORR性能的影响。结果显示,Pd、Cu前体摩尔比为1∶0.5时,催化剂(Pd1Cu0.5NCFs)在碱性介质中ORR活性和电化学稳定性最佳。其半波电位E1/2(0.937V)远高于商业Pt/C(0.851V);在加速循环1000次扫描后,E1/2几乎没有变化,说明其稳定性优异;0.90V电势下,Pd1Cu0.5 NCFs的质量比活性为1.09A/mg,是商业Pt/C的14.5倍。  相似文献   

7.
8.
开发用于水分解的高效稳定、低成本非贵金属电催化剂,特别是在同一电解质中对阴极的析氢反应(HER)和阳极的析氧反应(OER)都具有高效作用的电催化剂是一项挑战。以六水合硝酸钴、尿素、氟化铵和硒粉为原料,采用水热和高温固相法在镍网上原位构筑了CoSe2@NF,采用XRD、XPS、SEM和TEM对CoSe2@NF进行物相分析和形貌表征,并在碱性电解液中对CoSe2@NF的电催化析氧和析氢性能进行了测试。结果表明,表面粗糙的串珠状纳米线结构极大地增加了CoSe2有效活性位点的数量。该催化电极在OER和HER中均表现出高而稳定的催化活性。将CoSe2@NF作为全解水槽的阴阳极,在1.6 V槽电压下即可产生10 mA/cm2的电流,并可在1.7 V的电压下稳定运行100 h。这项研究为全解水提供了一种经济有效的解决方案.  相似文献   

9.
氧还原反应电催化剂对提高质子交换膜燃料电池的电压效率和电池输出功率具有重要意义。采用非贵过渡金属合金催化剂可大大降低Pt用量,降低成本,实现燃料电池商业化。本文简要介绍了燃料电池阴极氧还原反应机理的研究进展,阐述了合金催化剂的几何效应、电子效应、雷尼效应和锚定效应的作用机理。总结了影响合金催化剂活性的因素,主要分析了合金成分和结构对合金活性和耐久性的影响,为设计制备高活性和稳定性的催化剂提供理论依据。虽然对合金的结构特性和制备因素的研究取得了一定的进展,但如何进一步提高合金度、降低Pt的用量、设计和制备出高活性、高稳定性和长寿命的催化剂仍是将来合金催化剂研究的关键。  相似文献   

10.
长期以来,碳材料负载高分散的铂催化剂及其合金材料一直是商业化质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)中氧还原反应和氢氧化反应十分有效的催化剂。但由于Pt基催化剂成本高、电化学条件下稳定性差、易CO中毒以及氧还原反应(ORR)动力学迟缓等一系列问题,阻碍了其在燃料电池中的进一步应用和大规模生产。相比之下,氮掺杂碳纳米材料具有低成本、高活性、高稳定性、环境友好等特点,这些优异的性能使其在燃料电池领域有着广阔的应用前景。结合近几年国内外研究现状,综述了原位掺杂法、后掺杂合成法和直接热解法等3种氮掺杂碳纳米材料的制备方法,并分析了各自的优点和不足之处,及其作为ORR催化剂的研究进展。最后,对未来氮掺杂碳纳米材料催化剂研究的主要发展方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

11.
李妍慧  银凤翔  何小波  王昊 《化工进展》2015,34(11):3926-3932
锂/空气电池理论能量密度高、体积小、质量轻、价格低、无污染,是极具应用前景的二次电池。本文首先简要介绍了锂/空气电池的基本结构、原理和种类,随后重点讨论了近年来用于锂/空气电池的非贵金属催化剂的研究进展。这些催化剂主要包括过渡金属氧化物、过渡金属氮化物、碳材料以及过渡金属大环化合物等。最后认为,材料化学、纳米技术等学科的发展以及催化机理的阐明对发展高性能的锂/空气电池非贵金属催化剂起至关重要的作用。  相似文献   

12.
    
Recently, metal–organic frameworks are one of the potential catalytic materials for electrocatalytic applications. The oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction catalytic activities of heterometallic cluster-based organic frameworks are investigated using density functional theory. Firstly, the catalytic activities of heterometallic clusters are investigated. Among all heterometallic clusters, Fe2Mn–Mn has a minimum overpotential of 0.35 V for oxygen reduction reaction, and Fe2Co–Co possesses the smallest overpotential of 0.32 V for oxygen evolution reaction, respectively 100 and 50 mV lower than those of Pt(111) and RuO2(110) catalysts. The analysis of the potential gap of Fe2M clusters indicates that Fe2Mn, Fe2Co, and Fe2Ni clusters possess good bifunctional catalytic activity. Additionally, the catalytic activity of Fe2Mn and Fe2Co connected through 3,3′,5,5′-azobenzenetetracarboxylate linker to form Fe2M–PCN–Fe2M is explored. Compared with Fe2Mn–PCN–Fe2Mn, Fe2Co–PCN–Fe2Co, and isolated Fe2M clusters, the mixed-metal Fe2Co–PCN–Fe2Mn possesses excellent bifunctional catalytic activity, and the values of potential gap on the Mn and Co sites of Fe2Co–PCN–Fe2Mn are 0.69 and 0.70 V, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of the electron structure indicates that constructing a mixed-metal cluster can efficiently enhance the electronic properties of the catalyst. In conclusion, the mixed-metal cluster strategy provides a new approach to further design and synthesize high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts.  相似文献   

13.
    
We demonstrated highly efficient oxygen reduction catalysts composed of uniform Pt nanoparticles on small, reduced graphene oxides (srGO). The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) size was controlled by applying ultrasonication, and the resultant srGO enabled the morphological control of the Pt nanoparticles. The prepared catalysts provided efficient surface reactions and exhibited large surface areas and high metal dispersions. The resulting Pt/srGO samples exhibited excellent oxygen reduction performance and high stability over 1000 cycles of accelerated durability tests, especially the sample treated with 2 h of sonication. Detailed investigations of the structural and electrochemical properties of the resulting catalysts suggested that both the chemical functionality and electrical conductivity of these samples greatly influence their enhanced oxygen reduction efficiency.  相似文献   

14.
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the most important reaction in life processes and in energy transformation, such as fuel cells. Normally, the ORR in a fuel cell is very slow and a cathode ORR catalyst is needed to reach a practical usable level. Pt-based materials are the most effective catalysts, but they are too expensive to make fuel cells commercially viable and hence extensive research has focused on developing alternative catalysts. First row transition metallocorroles are potent catalysts for many reactions, and they may eventually be used as true alternatives to the precious metals currently used. Regarding ORR, brominated cobalt corrole has been shown to operate almost as well as an industry standard platinum-based catalyst. In this review, we would like to summarize the progress that has been made in this field.  相似文献   

15.
    
To meet the crucial demand for efficient and durable rechargeable zinc-air battery (ZAB), novel bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are needed. In this work, we report a novel 3D structured double perovskite oxide PrBa0.8Ca0.2Co2O5+δ (3D-PBCC) electrocatalyst by a facile electrospinning method. The 3D-PBCC electrocatalyst demonstrates greatly improved bifunctional activity when compared with the classic powdery PBCC electrocatalyst synthesized by the conventional sol–gel method. Moreover, turning the PBCC electrocatalyst from powder to 3D structure can simultaneously enhance the performance and durability of the ZAB. The specific capacity is greatly improved from 769 to 849 mA h g−1, the peak output power density is significantly enhanced from 113 to 185 mW cm−2, and the charge–discharge cycling stability is strongly enlarged from 220 to 500 h. These can be ascribed to the enhanced specific surface area, enlarged oxygen vacancies, and improved hydrophobicity. This study offers references to design novel bifunctional oxide electrocatalysts for practical ZAB application.  相似文献   

16.
张玉晖  易清风 《化工学报》2014,65(6):2113-2119
中心金属离子在非贵金属C-N复合物对氧还原反应(ORR)的电催化活性方面有重要作用。通过将含有多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)、聚苯胺与过渡金属Fe和Co的前驱体在N2气氛下于900℃下加热,得到了不同金属比例的C-N催化剂。采用SEM、XRD等对催化剂的结构进行了表征。利用电化学伏安技术,研究了催化剂对ORR的电催化活性及其稳定性。结果表明,当Fe与Co质量比为6:1时催化剂的催化活性最好,在酸性溶液中ORR起始电位达到0.52 V(vs SCE),电流密度为12.5 mA·mg-1@-0.3 V (vs SCE);在碱性溶液中ORR 起始电位为-0.09 V(vs SCE),电流密度为7.8 mA·mg-1@-0.8 V (vs SCE)。结果表明,催化剂中Fe与Co的质量比对催化剂的活性有很大影响。  相似文献   

17.
以循环伏安法(CV)考察酞菁铁/碳纳米管氧还原(ORR)催化行为,并构建以磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS)和葡萄糖为阳极原料,酞菁铁/碳纳米管复合物为阴极氧气还原催化剂的双室型微生物燃料电池(MFCs)。结果表明:(1)在中性介质中,对氧还原的电催化性能要比商品化的铂碳催化剂还原电位正移了44 mV。(2)以大肠杆菌(E coli)为产电微生物,该MFC的最大输出功率密度为932.5 mW/m2,对应电流密度为2792.6 mA/m2,高于铂碳催化剂阴极的MFC。  相似文献   

18.
质子交换膜燃料电池非铂电催化剂研究进展   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
聂瑶  丁炜  魏子栋 《化工学报》2015,66(9):3305-3318
质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)目前主要催化剂为贵金属Pt基催化剂。然而,Pt价格高、储量低等问题严重阻碍了PEMFCs的商业化进程。发展低成本、高性能的氧还原催化剂是解决铂资源短缺、降低燃料电池成本、实现燃料电池商业化的关键。结合本课题组的研究工作,综述了最近几年非铂催化剂在燃料电池阴极氧还原方面的研究进展,着重探讨了新型氮掺杂碳基纳米材料的设计与制备,并概述了非铂催化剂面临的困难以及未来发展方向。  相似文献   

19.
张文静  李静  魏子栋 《化工学报》2020,71(10):4553-4574
燃料电池是将化学能转化成电能的装置,其空气电极催化层的设计,既要包含丰富的、易于接近的反应活性位,也要具备高度连通的电子、质子以及反应物、产物传质通道,因此电极必须具有特定三维几何结构形貌和有序分布的各功能化孔道,确保催化活性位得以充分利用以及反应可以连续进行。针对催化剂孔道的几何结构调控,本文调研了最近报道的一系列研究工作,从模板法、高温相变法、模板/相变复合方法以及基于金属有机框架材料进行孔道设计等四种主要方法出发,综述了该领域的最新研究进展。  相似文献   

20.
介绍了组合式再生燃料电池基本特点,简要回顾了组合式再生燃料电池中双效氧电极催化剂研究现状。利用还原沉积法制备了PtIr/C双效氧电极催化剂,对催化剂进行了XRD表征。以三电极体系对催化剂进行了析氧和溶氧双反应的催化活性评价,结果表明:Pt主要催化燃料电池模式下的溶氧反应,而Ir主要催化水电解模式下的析氧反应。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号