轻薄炭黑涂层的制备及其微波吸收性能研究

利用混合强酸对炭黑(CB)进行氧化处理,并以有机硅树脂为基体制备了CB涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、矢量网络分析(VNA)等方法对制备的4种不同填充量的涂层样品进行微观结构和电磁性能表征。微观结构分析表明:CB颗粒尺寸为纳米级,直径大小约为60 nm,氧化处理后的表面形态呈"褶皱"状;制备的CB涂层表面平整、厚度均匀,密度仅为1.1 g/cm~3,兼具轻质柔性的特征。微波反射率测试结果显示,在8～18 GHz范围内,涂层样品均表现出了优异的微波吸收性能。当填充量为3.7%时,厚度仅为1.6 mm的涂层有效吸波频宽达到5.13 GHz,吸波强度为-26.5 dB;当填充量为2.3%时,厚度为1.9 mm的涂层有效吸波频宽达到最大值(5.44 GHz),覆盖整个Ku波段,厚度为2.5 mm的涂层有效吸波频宽为4.44 GHz,覆盖整个X波段。     

壳核结构SiC/C纤维的制备与吸波性能的研究

采用活性碳纤维转换法制备了壳核结构SiC/C纤维,采用拉曼光谱、SEM、XRD以及热重分析等测试方法对比研究了生成SiC的厚度对壳核结构SiC/C纤维样品的热重及吸波性能的影响。结果表明:包裹SiC壳层后样品吸波性能得到提高,样品厚度为3.0 mm时,保温4 h样品的最小反射损耗在8.24 GHz处达到-17.22 dB,低于-10 dB(90%的电磁波被吸收)的频宽在2.0 mm处达到4.8 GHz(11.12~15.92 GHz);保温3 h样品的最小反射损耗在8.23 GHz处达到-14.45 dB,低于-10 dB(90%的电磁波被吸收)的频宽在2.0 mm处达到4.56 GHz(10.88~15.44 GHz);且随着SiC含量的升高,试样微波吸收性能有所增强;制备的壳核结构SiC/C纤维样品起始氧化温度提高了150 ℃以上,并且最终残余质量在50%左右,即包裹SiC纤维后样品的抗氧化能力大大提高。     

水泥基多孔复合材料吸波性能

对发泡型聚苯乙烯(expanded polystyrene,EPS)填充普通硅酸盐水泥制备的水泥基多孔复合材料的吸波性能进行了研究.为废弃的EPS二次开发利用以及建筑物的电磁波防护提供了新的途径.在微波暗室中用弓形反射法进行测试,研究了EPS的填充率、球径大小和样品厚度对吸波性能的影响.结果表明:EPS的填充率(体积分数)为60%,样品厚度为20 mm时的反射率最小,在8～18 GHz范围内,小于-10 dB的带宽达6 GHz,在18 GHz最小反射率达-15.27 dB.在EPS表面包覆一层导电薄膜后,有助于提高多孔材料的吸波性能.     

RAM-相变微胶囊红外微波隐身复合材料

采用种子微悬浮聚合法,以月桂酸为相变芯材,苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯共聚物为壁材,分别掺杂纳米Fe_3O_4和还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)两种雷达吸波材料(RAM),制备了具有红外微波兼容隐身功能的微胶囊材料(RAM-MCPCM)。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和矢量网络分析仪等对材料性能进行了表征。结果表明:RAM-MCPCM微观形貌呈表面微凸球状,仍然具有较高相变潜热;涂层厚度为0.5 mm时,Fe_3O_4-MCPCM[w(Fe_3O_4)=8%]/环氧涂层在5.25 GHz时反射率达到最小值-0.54 d B,RGO-MCPCM[w(RGO)=4%]/环氧涂层在8.8 GHz时反射率达到最小值-1.21 d B,两种涂层在环境温度升高时都具有一定控温作用,具备红外微波兼容隐身性能。     

聚醚酰亚胺对炭黑填充环氧树脂复合材料导电性能和吸波性能的影响

利用反应诱导方法设计制备了炭黑(CB)包覆环氧树脂(EP)微球/聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)(EP/PEI/CB)复合材料。研究了该复合材料的微观结构,测量了其导电性能及在Ka波段的吸波性能,并与CB填充EP(EP/CB)复合材料进行了对比。结果表明,在EP/PEI/CB中,CB选择性分布在PEI相中并形成较规则的立体网状连续相,EP为30μm左右大小的微球分散相,与EP/CB相比具有更低的体积电阻率。EP/PEI/CB属于一种谐振腔式吸波体,在33～40 GHz范围具有较好的吸波性能且优于EP/CB,最大吸收峰出现在35.61 GHz,峰值反射率(R)为–17.40 dB,吸收带宽3.22 GHz(R–10 dB).     

嵌有超小CeO2纳米粒子的碳纳米纤维的制备及其吸波性能

采用静电纺丝结合后续热处理制备了均匀镶嵌超小CeO₂纳米颗粒的碳纳米纤维(CeO₂@CNFs)复合材料,研究了CeO₂含量对其电磁特性及吸波性能的影响和作用机制。结果表明,随CeO₂含量的增加,复合材料的介电损耗及电磁衰减能力降低,但阻抗匹配得到有效改善,吸波能力呈先增强后减弱趋势。CeO₂含量约为24.6%(质量)的CeO₂@CNFs-2样品因电磁衰减能力与阻抗匹配的更好平衡而表现出最好的吸波性能。当在石蜡基质中的填充量仅为10%(质量),厚度为3.0 mm时,最小反射损耗(RL)值达到-45.4 dB,RL低于-10 dB的有效吸收带宽为5.6 GHz(9.1～14.6 GHz),可覆盖约75%的X波段和45%的Ku波段。CeO₂@CNFs-2的吸波强度是纯CNFs的3.1倍,说明CNFs和CeO₂两者的协同作用能有效提高该复合体系的吸波性能。     

聚氨酯–羰基铁泡沫复合材料的制备及吸波性能

将适量羰基铁吸收剂填充到发泡体系中,采用一步法制备了形貌结构良好的硬质聚氨酯基羰基铁泡沫吸波材料(CIPRPU)。用扫描电子显微镜和矢量网络分析仪对样品的结构及电磁性能进行了表征。结果表明,吸收剂的填充量对电磁参数影响较大,整体上呈现出随吸收剂的填充量升高,电磁参数变大的趋势。CIPRPU的介电常数ε′和ε′′分别在3.0和0.5以下,磁导率μ′和μ′′则分别在1.5和0.5以下。利用测得的电磁参数对CIPRPU的反射率进行了模拟。当厚度为3 mm时,在X波段内,CIPRPU(m(聚氨酯基体):m(吸收剂)=1:5)的峰值吸收达到了–22 d B,表明制备的泡沫型吸波材料能够充分利用其独特的孔结构,使材料由单纯的吸收作用转变为透波–吸波作用,取得了较好吸波效果。     

羰基铁／环氧有机硅树脂涂层

西北工业大学的卿玉长等人采用羰基铁为吸收剂、环氧有机硅树脂为基体,制备了雷达波吸波涂层。当羰基铁质量分数为70％时,涂层的附着力为22MPa、冲击强度超过50kg·m;当羰基铁质量分数为65％、涂层厚度为2mm时,在2～8GHz范围内反射率小于一10dB的频宽达2．43GHz,在频率为5．12GHz时涂层的反射率到达最大值-32．25dB。     

碳纤维粉-羰基铁粉复合材料的吸波性能及在涂层中的应用

分别以碳纤维粉、羰基铁粉以及二者混合物为吸收剂,以石蜡为基体制备成同轴样品,采用同轴法分析了3种吸收剂的电磁参数,并考察了各吸收剂含量对其影响。将3种吸收剂与水性聚氨酯制备成吸波涂层,采用弓形法测试了涂层的吸波性能,考察了膜厚对涂层吸波性能的影响。碳纤维粉为电损耗型材料,在Ku波段(12.0~18.0 GHz)具有较大的介电损耗角正切;羰基铁粉兼具电损耗与磁损耗,但其介电损耗角正切值较小,磁损耗主要存在于S波段(2.0~4.0 GHz)和C波段(4.0~8.0 GHz)。将碳纤维粉与羰基铁粉复配作为填料(碳纤维粉与羰基铁粉的质量分别占吸收剂与树脂不挥发分总质量的25%和60%),能够充分凸显二者优点,得到吸波频带更宽、吸波性能更优的复合吸波涂层。     

宗翰文,杨海波,董镜镜,邱云,百晓宇,文博,林营

采用水热法制备了MoS2@CoFe2O4复合材料,探究了CoFe2O4添加量对复合材料吸波性能的影响,并通过矢量网络分析仪测试了该复合材料在2～18 GHz频率下的电磁参数,模拟分析了该复合材料的吸波性能。结果表明,当CoFe2O4添加量为0.4 g时,所制得的复合材料吸波性能最佳,最大吸收位于11 GHz,为-59.9 dB,相应的匹配厚度为2.7 mm,并且当匹配厚度为2 mm时,其有效吸收频带宽度(-10 dB以下)为4.63 GHz(12.58～17.21GHz)。表明MoS2@CoFe2O4复合材料在微波吸收方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

Effect of filler loading and thickness parameters on the microwave absorption characteristic of double-layered absorber based on MWCNT/BaTiO3/pitted carbonyl iron composite

In this work, single- and double-layer electromagnetic wave absorbers were prepared by as-prepared MWCNTs/BaTiO₃/pitted carbonyl iron composites. MWCNT/BaTiO₃ (MW/BTO) was prepared via sol-gel method whereas the carbonyl iron particles (CI) were corroded via pitting corrosion method. The structural, microstructural, magnetic and microwave absorption properties of the composites were evaluated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer (VNA) methods. CST studio software was employed to simulate the microwave absorption characteristics of double-layer absorbers. Moreover, the effects of changing matching and absorbing layer thickness (3 mm in total) and filler loading (10, 20 and 30 wt%) of the as-prepared composite on the microwave absorption properties were investigated. According to the results, maximum RL value for single layer absorber with 20 wt% filler loading can reach ?11.5 dB at 9.7 GHz with 3 mm thickness and 0.4 GHz bandwidth. In contrast, double-layered absorber using 10 wt% of the composite in the upper layer (as matching layer) and 30 wt% of the composite in lower layer (as absorbing layer) can increase the reflection loss and absorption bandwidth values to ?15.5 dB and 1 GHz respectively. Improving in absorption characteristics can be attributed to coupling interactions, impedance matching and multiple scattering. The main advantages of the prepared double layer absorber than single layer absorber are tuning the intensity and effective absorption bandwidth by adjusting the layer order, thickness and filler loading of each layer which shown good potential for practical application.     

碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料的性能影响研究

以水性聚氨酯为基,碳纤维为填料,制备了碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料。采用扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪和矢量网络分析仪对碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料的结构与性能进行了测试和表征。实验结果表明:碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料为碳纤维和水性聚氨酯的物理结合,随着碳纤维含量的增加和厚度的增大,碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料的反射率峰值均向低频移动,当碳纤维含量为0.8%,涂层厚度为1.2 mm时,碳纤维复合吸波涂层的反射率峰值达到-6.01 dB,小于-5 dB的带宽为4.2 GHz,涂层面密度为1.02kg/m~2。     

Synthesis and microwave absorbing characteristics of flake‐like polypyrrole filled composites in X‐band

Polypyrrole (PPy)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocompounds were prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of MMT. The results indicate PPy is intercalated into MMT interlayers and the morphology of obtained PPy in nanocompounds is changed to flake‐like rather than granular particles as pristine PPy. The resultant PPy/MMT nanocompounds and pristine PPy were used as microwave absorbing filler separately to prepare microwave absorbing PPy/MMT and PPy epoxy composites. The results indicate PPy/MMT epoxy composites exhibit much better microwave absorbing properties than those filled by pristine PPy. The maximum reflection loss of 20 wt% PPy/MMT filled composite is −32.63 dB at 10.55 GHz with a matching thickness of 2.8 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth with the reflection loss below −10 dB is from 8.6 GHz to 12.4 GHz, which almost covers the whole X‐band. We postulated that the morphology change of PPy in PPy/MMT and its better dispersion may be responsible for the enhancement of microwave absorption. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:532–538, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Dielectric and microwave absorption properties of CB doped SiO2f/PI double-layer composites

Carbon black (CB) with contents of 5.5?wt% and 15?wt% filled quartz glass fiber reinforced polyimide (SiO_2f/PI) composite were designed and prepared. A double-layer absorbing material was designed using the two composites materials as a matching layer and an absorption layer, respectively. The microwave absorption property of single-layer and double-layer composites is calculated according to transmission line theory. The results show that the microwave absorbing property of double-layer composite is better than that of single-layer at the same thickness. When the 5.5?wt%CB doped SiO_2f/PI composite is used as the matching layer with a thickness of 0.7?mm and 15?wt%CB doped SiO_2f/PI composite is used as the absorption layer with a thickness of 0.9?mm, the RL (reflection loss) of the composite reaches a minimum value of ?46.18?dB at 16.07?GHz. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of RL?≤??5?dB is 5.87?GHz and the bandwidth of RL?≤??10?dB is 3.95?GHz.     

Enhanced dielectric and microwave absorption properties of Cr/Al2O3 coatings deposited by low‐power plasma spraying

Low‐power plasma‐sprayed Cr/Al₂O₃ coatings have been developed for their potential application as broad bandwidth, thin thickness, lightweight, and strong microwave‐absorbing materials. The dielectric and microwave absorption properties of the as‐sprayed coatings were studied in the X‐band (from 8.2 to 12.4 GHz). High complex permittivity of the coatings was obtained because of a large number of internal boundaries and the conductive networks. Meanwhile, a significant enhancement of microwave absorption properties of the coating was achieved due to the enhanced interfacial polarization and conductance loss. The reflection loss (RL) <?10 dB of the Al₂O₃–15Cr coating was obtained from 9.8 to 11.4 GHz by choosing an appropriate coating thickness, and an optimal minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of ?45.35 dB was achieved at 10.3 GHz with a thin thickness of 1.32 mm.     

Microwave absorbing properties of ternary linear low‐density polyethylene/carbonyl iron powder/carbon black composites

Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) was used as polymer matrix, carbonyl iron powder (CIP) and carbon black (CB) were used as fillers, and ternary composites with microwave absorbing properties were prepared by melt blending. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the prepared samples. The absorbing ability (reflection loss) of the prepared composites was measured using the arch method, and the electromagnetic parameters of composites were determined by the transmission/reflection method. The filler contents of CIP and CB have effects on the absorbing peak positions and reflection loss, and there is the optimum filler content in composites to obtain the maximum microwave absorbing. The microwave absorption of LLDPE/CIP/CB composites comes from the combining contributions of the dielectric loss and the magnetic loss. The synergistic effects of CIP and CB effectively improve the microwave absorbing properties of polymer composites. CIP and CB are uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The theoretical calculation results of the absorbing ability are in agreement with the experimental results using the transmission line theory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

2mm短切碳纤维吸波涂层的制备与吸波性能

基于雷达吸波涂层薄、轻、宽、强的要求,以2 mm短切碳纤维为吸收剂,水性聚氨酯为基体树脂,制备了碳纤维吸波涂层,将芳纶纸蜂窝与碳纤维吸波涂层进行匹配,并采用矢量网络分析仪测试了涂层的吸波性能。结果表明,单层碳纤维吸波涂层在厚度较薄时吸波性能较差,添加匹配层后性能有所改善。将不同碳纤维含量的吸波涂层与芳纶纸蜂窝进行匹配,制备了多层匹配碳纤维吸波涂层,涂层的吸收强度和有效吸收带宽均得到明显提升,通过调整碳纤维涂层和芳纶纸蜂窝的匹配方式,复合涂层在4.1~13.6 GHz频率范围内均能实现有效吸收。     

利用煤矸石制备Fe3O4和Fe负载的微波吸收材料

为了实现固废煤矸石的有效资源化利用,本文利用煤矸石设计合成了负载Fe₃O₄和Fe的陶瓷复合微波吸收材料。实验主要包括煤矸石的造粒成球、液相负载Fe³⁺及焙烧过程,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)和扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的物相与微观结构进行了分析表征。结果表明,前驱体溶液经过分解反应、碳热还原反应转化为Fe₃O₄和Fe,原位负载于煤矸石基体上,并显现铁磁特性。借助矢量网络分析仪测试样品的电磁参数,基于传输线理论分析评价其微波吸收性能。由于良好的阻抗匹配与衰减特性,复合材料FeG700体现出良好的吸波能力,在涂层厚度为1.5 mm时,最低反射损耗值为-20.1 dB,有效吸收带宽可达4.1 GHz。本研究不仅有助于实现微波吸收材料制备的低成本化,重要的是为固废煤矸石的综合利用提供了借鉴。     

High temperature microwave absorbing properties of plasma sprayed La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ/MgAl2O4 composite ceramic coatings

Microwave absorbing materials (MAM) which can be used in high temperature and oxidation environments are strongly demanded in application, for conventional MAM fail due to various factors at high temperature. In this work, ceramic coatings composed of La_0.6Sr_0.4FeO_3-δ and MgAl₂O₄ have been successfully prepared via atmospheric plasma spraying and the microwave absorbing properties at high temperature are first reported. When the coatings of LSF/MAS matched with the metal substrate on thermal expansion, they can be treated repeatedly in the temperature range of 300 K–1173 K without peeling off. Meantime, the ceramic coatings with thickness of 1.5 mm showed considerable microwave absorption in the range of 8 GHz–18 GHz at high temperatures between 673 K–1173 K. The absorption bandwidth of LSF30 was 3.5 GHz for RL < −10 dB and 8 GHz for RL < −5 dB in the temperature range of 673 K–1173 K. LSF/MAS possesses the advantages of thin thickness and broad bandwidth at high temperatures, suggesting great potential as MAM in ultra-temperature environment.