离子液体中胰岛素结构稳定性的分子动力学模拟

离子液体作为一种新型绿色溶剂,由于其独特的物理化学性质,被广泛应用于蛋白质的稳定性研究。选用热敏性蛋白药物胰岛素作为研究对象,采用分子动力学模拟方法,从分子层面上研究不同种类的离子液体对胰岛素结构的稳定效果。结果表明,与纯水体系相比,在常温下离子液体能够有效地稳定胰岛素的分子结构,且体系中阴离子的氢键碱性越弱,阳离子的烷基链越短,对胰岛素分子结构的稳定作用越强。并深入分析不同烷基链长度的二氰胺类离子液体与胰岛素之间的相互作用,发现相较于长烷基链离子液体,短烷基链离子液体与胰岛素之间的相互作用更强,揭示了后者能更好地维持和稳定胰岛蛋白的分子结构。     

离子液体[bmim]PF6对聚乳酸的增塑作用

合成了离子液体[bmim]PF6(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐),并对其进行了表征。用TG、DSC和偏光显微镜等手段研究了[bmim]PF6对聚乳酸的增塑作用,并比较了它与聚乙二醇300(PEG300)的增塑效果。热重分析结果表明,PEG300作增塑剂时,由于其热降解温度较低,聚乳酸热稳定性变差;离子液体[bmim]PF6作增塑剂时,由于其热失重温度高于聚乳酸热降解温度,用其增塑的聚乳酸热稳定性变好。当[bmim]PF6的质量分数从2%增加到10%时,聚乳酸材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)随之降低,当加入质量分数为10%的[bmim]PF6时,聚乳酸材料的Tg降至40℃。偏光显微镜观察看出,加入[bmim]PF6后聚乳酸分子链段的活动能力增强,促进了聚乳酸的结晶,且随其用量增加,结晶度增加。该文报道工作的新颖性,已为教育部科技查新工作站(Z12)于2008年2月26日出具的第ZDT2008017号《科技查新报告》所证实。     

[bmim][BF_4]、[bmim][PF_6]离子液体及其与DMF二元体系在293.15～338.15K下的粘度

为获得离子液体与有机物物理性质的数据,常压下,293.15～338.15 K温度范围内,分别测定了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（[bmim][BF4]）、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[bmim][PF6]）2种咪唑类离子液体以及它们和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）构成的2个二元体系的粘度,采用Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher（VFT）方程和Arrhenius-like方程对所测粘度数据进行关联。结果表明,同一温度下,3种纯溶液粘度大小顺序依次为：DMF〈[bmim][BF4]〈[bmim][PF6]。[bmim][BF4]、[bmim][PF6]离子液体及其与DMF构成的二元体系的粘度均随着温度的升高和DMF摩尔分率的增加而降低。实验条件下,DMF＋[bmim][BF4]和DMF＋[bmim][PF6]二元体系的粘度变化范围分别为1.26～125.5 MPa·s和1.11～165.7 MPa·s。VFT方程对于DMF-[bmim][BF4]与DMF-[bmim][PF6]体系的关联结果比Arrhenius-like方程较好,其总平均绝对误差、总平均相对误差、以及总平均标准方差分别为0.561 9 MPa·s和0.918 6 MPa·s、0.026 8 MPa·s和0.020 9 MPa·s、0.725 5 MPa·s和1.125 1 MPa·s。     

室温离子液体[bmim]BeS的萃取脱硫性能

选择水溶性的离子液体[bmim]BeS作萃取剂,对模拟油品中的4种含硫有机物噻吩、2-甲基噻吩、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩进行了萃取,确定了适宜的萃取操作条件。实验结果表明,[bmin]BeS对含硫化合物的萃取平衡时间只需3 min;适宜的操作温度为40～50℃。在室温下以溶剂比为1∶1对模拟体系进行4级错流萃取,脱硫率可以达到60%～90%。     

[BMIM]HSO4离子液体腐蚀性的实验与分子模拟

基于失重法和分子模拟方法,研究了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐（[BMIM]HSO₄）的腐蚀性和离子液体分子与金属表面的相互作用。实验结果表明[BMIM]HSO₄对304不锈钢具有腐蚀性,且在水溶液中腐蚀性显著增强。基于量子化学方法计算了[BMIM]HSO₄分子的HOMO和LUMO分布、Fukui指数及分子内部特征参数,计算结果表明[BMIM]HSO₄在Fe金属表面吸附的位置主要集中在阴离子硫酸氢根和阳离子咪唑环上,可分别形成配位键和反馈键,在水溶液中[BMIM]HSO₄分子与金属表面的相互作用变弱。分子动力学模拟揭示了在不同的环境中[BMIM]HSO₄分子在Fe金属表面的吸附过程和吸附能。量子化学计算和分子动力学模拟结果一致,从理论上解释了在水溶液中[BMIM]HSO₄腐蚀性增强的原因。     

用离子液体FeCl2-[bmim]Cl脱除汽油中硫化物的研究

在合成离子液体FeCl3-[bmim]Cl的基础上,考察了摩尔比、离子液体加入量、脱硫时间以及脱硫温度对汽油脱硫效果的影响。实验结果表明,FeCl3与[-bmim]Cl的摩尔比为2：1,加入量10％,反应时间35min,温度25℃时脱硫效果最好,脱硫率达到81．5％,汽油收率达到了92．5％。     

离子液体[bmim]PTSA中催化合成乙酸异戊酯的研究

以离子液体[bmim]PTSA作为酯化反应的溶剂及催化剂合成乙酸异戊酯,研究了影响反应的各种因素,结果表明,最佳反应条件为:离子液体用量15 mL,醇酸摩尔比1.5∶1.0,反应时间2.0 h,酯化率92.2%。离子液体易分离回收,可重复使用。     

离子液体[Bmim][NTf2]对CO2在碳酸二乙酯中溶解性能的强化

采用恒定容积法在温度范围308.15~328.15 K、压力范围0~3 MPa条件下测定了CO₂在碳酸二乙酯（DEC）、离子液体[Bmim][NTf₂]以及二者不同质量分数配比混合溶剂中的溶解度,并用COSMO-RS模型研究了离子液体的加入对DEC蒸气分压的影响。实验表明,在相同实验条件下CO₂在[Bmim][NTf₂]中的溶解度大于在DEC中的溶解度。[Bmim][NTf₂]的加入可强化CO₂在DEC中的溶解性能,在相同温度下CO₂在混合溶剂中的溶解度随[Bmim][NTf₂]质量分数增加而增大,在相同浓度的混合溶剂中CO₂的溶解度随温度升高而降低。COSMO-RS模型计算表明,DEC的蒸气分压下降的分数随混合溶剂中离子液体质量分数增加而增大,而对于相同质量分数配比的混合溶剂温度对DEC的蒸气分压影响较小。     

[bmim][BF4]离子液体中PCl3催化的液相贝克曼重排

在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmim][BF4])与甲苯组成的两相体系中,以三氯化磷(PCl3)为催化剂,实现了由环己酮肟制备己内酰胺的液相贝克曼重排反应,两相体系有利于反应控制和体系取热. 研究了环己酮肟用量、PCl3用量、反应时间和反应温度对重排效果的影响. 优化反应条件为: 2 ml [bmim][BF4], 5 ml甲苯, 0.3 ml PCl3, 5 ml 2 mol/L环己酮肟-甲苯溶液, 90oC, 反应时间10~30 min. 此时,环己酮肟转化率达98.96%,生成己内酰胺的选择性达87.30%,PCl3催化转化数达2.88. 生成的大部分己内酰胺在离子液体相.     

离子液体[bmim]BF_4与溶剂DMSO相互作用的研究

在298.1~323.15 K范围内,测定了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体([bmim]BF4)与DMSO混合体系的密度和粘度,研究发现:随着DMSO加入量的增加,混合体系的密度和粘度均减小。在此条件下,计算了此离子液体的粘度活化参数,η∞、Ea、性粘度B-系数及过量对数粘度,结果表明:Ea与DMSO的摩尔分数成线性关系,线性方程为:Ea=-0.836xDMSO+2.587(r=0.98),粘度B-系数随温度的升高而减小,[bmim]BF4-DMSO混合体系的过量对数粘度在全组成范围内均为正值。     

Thermal conductivity of the ionic liquid [HMIm][Tf2N] with compressed carbon dioxide

The liquid thermal conductivity of the ionic liquid (IL), 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([HMIm][Tf₂N]), saturated with compressed vapor and supercritical carbon dioxide was measured over three isotherms (298.15, 323.15, and 348.15 K) and pressures up to approximately 20 MPa using a transient hot-wire technique. Pure [HMIm][Tf₂N] thermal conductivity was also measured over a temperature range of 293.15–353.15 K at ambient pressure and with hydrostatic pressure to approximately 20 MPa. Literature vapor–liquid equilibrium data were used to predict the liquid CO₂ composition at the conditions investigated. Initially, the liquid thermal conductivity slightly decreased with pressure/composition of CO₂ followed by a gradual increase that is mainly attributed to hydrostatic pressure effects. Simple composition-based mixing rules for mixture properties are not qualitatively nor quantitatively accurate. These data could be used to engineer heat transfer equipment required for a variety of proposed IL applications in CO₂ capture, absorption refrigeration, biphasic CO₂/IL reaction platforms, etc.     

CO2萃取分离离子液体［bmim］［PF6］与萘的高压相平衡

采用紫外光谱在线检测的静态相平衡方法,在温度313～333 K、压力8～20 MPa、萘的液相浓度0.0169～0.378 mol·kg^-1的范围内,测定了CO₂+［bmim］［PF₆］+萘三元系中萘在富含CO₂相的浓度。结果表明,在所测温度和压力范围内,萘在富含CO₂相的浓度随着温度的升高而减小,随着压力的升高而增大,而且随着萘在液相中的浓度的减小而减小。在一定的温度压力条件下,萘在富含CO₂相的浓度与萘在液相中的浓度近似呈双对数线性关系。采用Chrastil缔合模型关联了所有溶解度数据,平均相对偏差为14.9 %。此外,还探讨了CO₂萃取分离离子液体与高沸点有机物的操作模式,发现釜式间歇操作较为适宜。     

[bmim]Cl/FeCl3离子液体的表征

本文利用^1HNMR、FT-IR、FAB(Fast Atom Bornbardment)、Baman光谱分析方法表征了[bmim]Cl／FeCl3离子液体,结果表明：酸性离子液体中,阴离子主要形式是FeCl4^-、Fe2Cl7^-;碱性离子液体中,阴离子主要是Gl^-、FeCl4^-,并且三者之间存在着平衡。根据分析结果及化学软件的计算,可以推断,阴离子分布在阳离子的两边,即在[bmim]平面的两边,根据能量最低原理,Gl^-与FeCl4^-或Fe2Cl7^-离子只能连接在靠近甲基一侧,此时,分子能量最低,结构最稳定。     

Understanding temperature dependency of hydrogen solubility in ionic liquids,including experimental data in [bmim][Tf2N]

Previously unavailable high‐pressure solubility data of hydrogen in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide has been measured experimentally up to temperatures and pressures of 450 K and 15 MPa, respectively. In contrast to CO₂ solubility, H₂ tends to dissolve better in the ionic liquid at higher temperatures. This “inverse” temperature effect has been studied from a thermodynamic perspective and the underlying reason for this effect is explained. It is shown that the negative P‐T slope is not limited to this particular binary mixture, but is the typical behavior in most, if not all, H₂ + ionic liquid systems. However, there is a certain range of temperatures, pressures, and concentrations in which this phenomenon occurs. By predicting the Scott‐van Konynenburg phase diagram for systems of H₂ + ionic liquids to be of type III, it is shown how and why the solubility increases with temperature in some regions, but decreases in others. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

Purification of flue gas by ionic liquids: Carbon monoxide capture in [bmim][Tf2N]

Knowledge of the solubility of carbon monoxide in ionic liquids is important for investigating the potential use of ionic liquids in reactions and gas separations. There is very limited information available on the capacity of ionic liquids to capture CO. The solubility of CO in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was investigated experimentally up to temperatures and pressures of 460 K and 10 MPa, respectively. The solubility was shown to be only slightly temperature‐dependent, and the P–T diagram for a constant composition mixture is concave‐downward with a peak in pressure. By comparing the single‐gas solubility results of CO with various other gases in the same ionic liquid, it seems that ionic liquids can potentially be used as gas‐separating media. However, although the single‐gas solubilities vary considerably among some gases, further studies on mixed (multicomponent) gases should be carried out as the presence of other components can influence the solubility of each gas component. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3886–3891, 2013     

Separation of N2O and CO2 using Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid [bmim][Ac]

We have developed a ternary equation of state (EOS) model for the N₂O/CO₂/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([bmim][Ac]) system in order to understand the separation of N₂O and CO₂ using room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The present model is based on a generic RK (Redlich-Kwong) EOS, with empirical interaction parameters for each binary system. The interaction parameters have been determined using our measured VLE (vapor-liquid-equilibrium) data for N₂O/[bmim][Ac] and literature data for CO₂/[bmim][Ac] and N₂O/CO₂. The binary EOS model for the N₂O/[bmim][Ac] system correctly predicted the liquid-liquid phase separation found in VLLE experiments. The validity of the ternary EOS model has been checked by conducting VLE experiments for the N₂O/CO₂/[bmim][Ac] system over a temperature range from 296 to 313 K. With this EOS model, solubility (VLE) behavior has been calculated for various (T, P, and feed compositions) conditions. Over a range of N₂O/CO₂ feed ratios, the N₂O/CO₂ gas selectivity [α _{N 2 O/CO 2}  = (y _{N 2 O} /x _{N 2 O} )/(y _{CO 2} /x _{CO 2} )] increases by at least 5 orders of magnitude when adding [bmim][Ac] (α = 1 × 10² to 1 × 10⁷), compared with the absence of the ionic liquid (α = 0.96 to 0.98). The addition of [bmim][Ac] may provide a practical means of separating CO₂ and N₂O.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Separation Science and Technology to view the free supplemental file.     

分子筛SBA-15负载离子液体[P66614][Triz]脱除氢烷气中CO2

以高效吸收CO₂的离子液体（IL）[P₆₆₆₁₄][Triz]作为吸收剂,通过浸渍法负载到两种不同孔径的介孔分子筛SBA-15上,用于脱除生物氢烷气中CO₂,并利用N₂吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和高倍透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）对负载材料进行了表征分析。混合吸收剂SBA-15（4.3 nm）-50%[Triz]的吸收容量和吸收速率比SBA-15（6.6 nm）-50%[Triz]的分别提高了12.4%和95.1%,这是由于SBA-15（4.3 nm）的孔道长度更短,避免了填充在孔道内的[P₆₆₆₁₄][Triz]在反应过程中接触不到CO₂,从而比SBA-15（6.6 nm）-50%[Triz]有更多IL反应活性点参与反应。还研究了不同氢烷气速率下SBA-15（4.3 nm）-50%[Triz]对CO₂的吸收并与2种吸附动力学模型相拟合,结果表明SBA-15（4.3 nm）-50%[Triz]对CO₂的吸收更符合准二级吸附动力学模型,表明吸附过程受化学吸附机理的控制,验证了[P₆₆₆₁₄][Triz]是通过化学反应脱除CO₂。