Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Variatio of Formaldehyde by the OMI Satellite Sensor

In recent years，the atmospheric environmental issues become increasingly significant.Formaldehyde (HCHO) as a kind of carcinogen，its global testing to understand the spatial and temporal distribution and content in the atmosphere，has important significance for the detection of air quality and public safety.The study on the use of satellite AURE mounted OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) a new generation of atmospheric detection sensors，data for the 2005~2014 January，April，July，October Tianshui vertical columns of tropospheric HCHO concentrations of trace data for each year.By VISON，GIS and other software combined with the product handling，explores the spatial distribution of Tianshui area HCHO，the time variation and their influencing factors.The results show that: the study area，the vertical columns of tropospheric HCHO concentration in 2005 showing sustained growth trend in 2012，2012~2014 chronology exhibit significantly decreased;winter and summer HCHO vertical column concentrations significantly higher than the spring and autumn，which highest in summer and winter followed; the eastern part of the study area and adjacent areas in Shanxi\|parts of Gangu County，Wushan County，exhibits a significantly higher value and lower central region of HCHO Tianshui vertical column density，and in 2014 the performance of HCHO concentration in the study area values are generally higher.Studies have shown that remote sensing is important for large\|scale atmospheric environmental monitoring.     

刷卡排污远程监测监控采样系统的设计

现代经济的快速发展和环境污染的日趋严重,使得工业污水对环境的影响问题日益突出。为此,文章开发了一种基于物联网技术的刷卡排污远程监测监控采样系统。该系统由中心平台和现场控制设备组成,采用物联网技术实现通讯,通过实时监测污水的流量、化学需氧量和氨氮等综合指标来刚性控制阀门的开关,并实现了刷IC卡预付费排污。同时针对监测因子参数的超标现象进行污水实时采集留样,便于进一步分析,做到执法有理有据。该方法与以往只对流量进行控制相比,收费更合理,执法手段更先进,为环保物联网的建立奠定了基础。     

高空间分辨率遥感数据在离子吸附型稀土矿山调查中的应用

为更好地监测离子吸附型稀土矿山的开采现状,选取赣南离子吸附型稀土矿区,采用最新高分辨率遥感数据,开展离子吸附型稀土矿矿山非法开采监测、环境破坏监测、矿山动态变化监测等示范研究。运用IKONOS数据结合矿权资料在赣南寻乌地区开展稀土矿山非法开采监测;在赣南寻乌地区提取土地荒漠化及水体污染等环境信息;利用两期QuickBird数据在赣南定南某矿区开展动态变化监测。研究表明高空间分辨率遥感数据处理与分析为离子吸附性稀土矿矿山快速、准确、动态监测提供了良好的技术手段。     

基于社区网络的大气污染源定位算法

污染源定位是大气污染治理与预防中的重要环节.为了避免地表状况、温度和风向等环境条件对污染源定位的影响,提出一种基于社区网络分析的污染源定位算法.通过Granger因果检验方法分析各监测点的空气质量指数AQI的时间序列,得出任意两个监测点的AQI值之间的影响关系.以监测点作为节点,以影响关系作为监测点间的关联关系,构建污...     

基于稀疏逻辑回归和多元融合算法的慢性肾病进展预测模型

只有一部分慢性肾病（Chronic Kidney Disease， CKD）3期的患者会进展到4期，观察临床数据发现进展和非进展患者部分生理指标有较大的区别。本文首次将基于L1/2范数正则化的逻辑回归（Sparse Logistic Regression， SLR）用于筛选影响CKD患者进展的关键因素，然后利用SLR、支持向量机（SVM）、提升决策树（AdaBoost Decision Tree, BOOSTDT）建立进展风险预测模型。另外，本文引入堆叠算法Stacking（STKSSD）克服样本量不足使得模型泛化性能不稳定的缺陷。作为对比，本文分别利用神经网络（ANN）、循环神经网络（BLSTM）对数据建模。实验结果表明，当SLR算法选择磷、血清肌酐等11个关键特征时， STKSSD融合模型效果最好，其中测试查全率、查准率、F1值分别为86.97%、92.86%和89.82%。     

北京地区植被盖度提取及其分布变化研究

基于2010年3个时期的TM遥感影像数据,应用像元二分模型进行北京地区的植被盖度反演。并根据野外实际测量数据研究植被盖度的季节变化情况。应用3个时相的TM数据,分别计算像元二分模型中的参数NDVIsoil和NDVIveg获得了北京地区不同时间的植被盖度信息。进一步应用实地监测的植被盖度数据进行精度验证。结果表明:反演的植被盖度与实地测量植被盖度具有较好的相关性,从散点图上看,数据点多集中在1∶1线附近,3个时期两者间的相关系数均大于0.8,并且2010年的3期植被盖度图像显示的季节变化与地表实际测量的植被盖度季节变化类似。     

Research on Extraction of Burned Area based on Saliency Enhancement

The information of burned area is significant for post disaster assessment，ecosystems protection and restoration.So far，the existing detection methods of burned areas are less practical.Based on the FY\|3C MERSI satellite data，various characteristics of the burned area are fully utilized and a new method of burned area mapping is created through saliency enhancement.Two burned areas in the northwestern United States were selected as research areas.Three burned\|area\|sensitive vegetation indices(NDVI，GEMI and NDVIT) were combined with the saliency features of the images to enhance and extract the burned areas.Visual interpretations are used to evaluate the experimental results of the proposed method，and compared with the results of NBR threshold method.The results show that the kappa coefficient of the saliency enhancement method in the two research areas reaches more than 0.68，0.2 higher than NBR threshold method.Experiments show that the saliency enhancement method for mapping burned area is high，and the influence of vegetation change caused by non\|burned has little influence on it，and the method has a certain stability compared with the NBR threshold method.     

An O2-A Band Atmospheric Correction Algorithm for Tower-based Platform based on Look-up Table

Tower-based spectral observation is an important connecting bridge between flux sites and satellite remote sensing data，and the effect of atmospheric absorption and scattering between horizontal surface and tower-based platform on the atmospheric absorption band such as O2-A is difficult to ignore.Firstly，the influence of atmospheric radiation transfer on the up-welling radiance and down-welling irradiance of the tower-based platform is analyzed，and the atmospheric correction method of based on upward and downward transmittance is established，that is，the influence of the upwelling radiance and down-welling irradiance is corrected by the direct transmittance and the total transmittance.Secondly，using the simulation data of MODTRAN model，the influence of AOD550 and radiative transfer path length on atmospheric transmittance is quantitatively analyzed，and the LUT of AOD550 is established based on the ratio of down-welling irradiance of near-infrared and red bands and solar zenith angle，as well as the upward and downward atmospheric transmittance LUT based on the AOD550 and the radiative transfer path length.Finally，using the canopy spectral data of different growth stages observed by the tower-based platform，the difference of the apparent reflectance between the inside and outside of the O₂-A band absorption line before and after atmospheric correction was analyzed.The results show that the atmospheric correction method based on LUT of AOD550 and radiative transfer path length proposed in this paper can better correct the influence of upwelling radiance and down-welling on the O₂-A absorption band of the tower-based platform，and provides important method support for applications such as SIF observation on the tower platform.     

遥感技术在环境污染监测中的应用

环境污染遥感监测技术具有监测范围广、速度快、成本低,且便于进行长期的动态监测等优 点,是实现宏观、快速、连续、动态地监测环境污染的有效高新技术手段。介绍了应用于环境污染监 测的可见光、反射红外遥感技术、热红外遥感技术、高光谱技术以及微波遥感监测技术,并着重阐述 了遥感监测技术在水环境污染、大气环境污染中的应用。最后,指出了我国环境污染遥感监测技术 存在的问题和发展趋势,建议尽快发展我国的环境污染遥感监测技术,以满足我国环境污染监测的 需要。     

Spatio-temporal Variations of Troposhperic NO2 over China during 1996~2010 based on Remote Sensing Data

The spatio-temporal variations of the troposhperic NO2 over China for the period 1996~2010 are analyzed on the basis of the GOME and SCIAMACHY troposhperic column NO2 data.First,a cosine fitting model was employed to correct the invalid values in troposhperic NO2 remote sensing data.Then the spatial distribution and temporal variation of NO2 were studied.Results indicate that the spatial pattern of troposhperic NO2 over China shows significant difference between western and eastern areas.The 15-year average troposhperic column NO2 is lower than 0.5×1015 mol/cm2 for most of western areas,while it is higher than 3.0×1015 mol/cm2 for most of eastern areas.The North China Plain,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and Liaodong Peninsula exhibit extremely high NO2 values (>15×1015 mol/cm2),which implys that regions with high NO2 concentrations correspond to the regions with fast economic developments.During the period of 1996~2000,the annual average troposhperic column NO2 over China increases from 1.48×1015 mol/cm2 in 1996 raises to 3.52×1015 mol/cm2 in 2010,suggesting an obvious growth of NO2 emissions.The geographic distribution of inter-annual trend of troposhperic NO2 over China shows similar pattern with that of 15-year average troposhperic NO2.Reductions in troposhperic NO2 are detected over western area,with the annual trend ranges between -0.05×1015 mol/cm2/yr and 0.Meanwhile,large increases of troposhperic NO2 are observed over the eastern areas,with the annual trend mostly is higher than 0.15×1015 mol/cm2/yr.The North China Plain,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and Liaodong Peninsula which characterized as high NO2 concentration areas show the most remarkable increasing trends (mostly higher than 0.8×1015 mol/cm2/yr).     

Computer applications in U.S. law enforcement

The article is based partially on findings of a completed study assessing the status and impact of computer applications in U.S. law enforcement. Inasmuch as the applications have been most significant in the police, command, control, and communications (PCCC) area, the article focuses on the PCCC technologies of nine-one-one, computer-aided dispatch, automatic vehicle monitoring, mobile digital communications, and management information systems. In particular, the article reviews the nature of these PCCC applications, especially in terms of the police functions they are intended to impact and the objectives they are intended to achieve; assesses the current status and actual impact of these applications; and outlines areas where further considerations are required.     

Retrieval of AOD from Sentinel-2 Data based on Deep Blue Algorithm

Medium-to-high resolution aerosol information is of great significance for surface reflectance inversion and urban ambient air quality monitoring. However, the high-precision aerosol optical thickness (AOD) retrieval in bright areas, such as cities and sparse vegetation areas, has long plagued the quantitative remote sensing applications. Taking Beijing urban area and Baotou desert area as examples, using MODIS surface reflectance products to construct prior knowledge constraints, the AOD inversion of 13 scenes Sentinel-2 images in bright areas was realized based on the deep blue algorithm. To verify the accuracy of the algorithm, the result were compared with the Sentinel-2 official algorithm processing result, the Landsat-8 official aerosol products and the ground-measured AOD data from the Global Aerosol Automated Observing Network (AERONET). The results indicate that the retrieved AOD values from deep blue algorithm is significantly correlated with the measured value of AERONET(R² > 0.90, RMSE = 0.056 0), and the AOD spatial distributions are also well consistent with those from Landsat-8, which reflects the characteristics of human activities. But, whether in desert bright area or urban bright area with less vegetation, the AOD values retrieved by Sen2Cor plug-in are fixed, no spatial distribution and do not conform to the actual situation. In general, compared with the current official products, the deep blue algorithm is suitable for aerosol retrieval in high-brightness areas of Sentinel-2 data，and has obvious advantages in terms of estimation accuracy and spatial distribution trend.     

Cost Effective Smart System for Water Pollution Control with Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Simulation Study

The underwater sensor network is a rapidly developing area of research with a wide range of applications such as data collection in the ocean, pollution monitoring, and ocean sampling. One of the most researched areas is the coverage of underwater sensor networks, which are the basis of many applications. The coverage is usually related to how effectively a network is monitored by the sensor. There are major problems in the ocean or marine region, especially in water pollution. Underwater pollution generally causes acidification, plastic residues, and toxins. Today, the determination of this pollution is carried out through a human surveillance monitoring process. Therefore, there is a need for an automatic and intelligent monitoring system to identify the formation of pollution. The proposed simulation model defines the intelligent sensor-based monitoring system that identifies and alarms the formation of underwater pollution. Aloha was chosen as the medium access protocol for the cost-effective system in which we designed the simulation model. The efficiency of the system has been shown to be more stable, cost-effective and manageable than the monitoring process involving the existing human surveillance by testing with the simulation model.     

基于AMSR-E的微波温度植被干旱指数的应用

以热带常绿阔叶林为主的亚马逊流域在全球气候变化的背景下频繁遭受干旱胁迫。但是对于该地区实施长时间序列的干旱监测一直是难点和热点。基于Liu等2017年提出的微波温度—植被干旱指数（Microwave Temperature-Vegetation Drought Index，MTVDI），对亚马逊流域进行了2003—2008年长时间序列的干旱监测，并采用饱和水汽压差（Vapor Pressure Deficit， VPD）、帕尔默干旱指数（Palmer Drought Severity Index， PDSI）、陆地地下水储量（Terrestrial Water Storage， TWS）、气象水分亏缺（Climatological Water Deficit， CWD）对MTVDI进行验证。结果表明：对于整个研究区而言，MTVDI与VPD （R=0.72）和CWD （R=-0.57）相关性较显著，但与TWS和PDSI相关性较弱。总体上，MTVDI能够较好地反映亚马逊地区干旱的季节动态。     

热带地区Landsat干季数据的无效像元修复方法研究

热带地区完整中分辨率时间序列遥感数据对于地表过程及地表扰动观测具有重要应用价值。针对热带地区Landsat数据存在云、雾污染及传感器本身缺陷导致的大量数据缺失问题，在现有的条带数据缺失填充算法（GNSPI）基础上，提出三次修复法。该方法能自动识别当前待修复像元前后48 d内有效参考像元，继而经三次修复法实现当前缺失数据的修复。实验结果表明：三次修复法整体平均修复精度（R²）可达0.88，该方法弥补了GNSPI填充算法需要整幅参考影像不存在无效像元方可执行的苛刻要求，提高了有效观测像元的利用率，对于获取热带地区长时间序列有效观测数据具有重要意义。     

Stability of surface reflectance scaling properties explored by using SPOT‐VGT data

VGT reflectance data acquired in four spectral bands (B0, B2, B3 and MIR) from 1998 to 2005 by SPOT‐VGT were investigated. VGT data are characterized by global coverage and consistent image quality and are particularly suitable for time series investigations. The analysis was carried out for a test area located in the island of Sardinia. The study area is covered by shrubs, mainly Mediterranean maquis, which is the typical vegetation cover of the Mediterranean basin. Deviations from uniform power‐law scaling were quantified by using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). The results indicate a larger non‐uniform scaling behaviour in the B0 channel. This can be applied to understanding radiation interactions at the surface as required for advancing weather forecasting, climate studies and environmental monitoring.     

大气污染暴露风险防控可视化决策支持平台

针对当前我国大气污染防治正逐步由污染治理转向风险防控,而现有空气质量监测设备和平台服务仅限于环境监测而非暴露监测的问题,设计研发了一套基于B/S架构的可视化综合分析与决策支持平台——大气污染暴露风险测量系统（APERMS）。首先,基于大气污染浓度监测数据和暴露时空行为活动模式,耦合集成污染浓度制图、个体暴露测量、人群暴露测量、暴露风险评价这一完整的大气污染暴露风险测量技术路线;其次,基于高可用和可靠原则,进行系统的总体架构设计、数据库设计和功能模块设计;最终,采用GIS与J2EE Web等技术,完成APERMS开发,实现了大气污染浓度分布高时空分辨率模拟、个体和人群大气污染暴露状况精准评估、大气污染暴露风险水平全方位评价等功能。APERMS主要应用于大气污染监控和环境健康管理行业,为风险规避和污染防控提供有效的技术支持。     

基于PLC与ZigBee的室内环境监控系统设计

环境监测点位具有分布范围广、点位多等特点,建立一套基于无线传感网络的环境实时监控系统,实现对区域内环境要素的在线监控,对及时掌握环境状况及有效控制环境污染的扩散有着直接而重要的作用;以CC2530芯片为核心构建ZigBee无线传感网络,并通过主控制器PLC将采集的数据进行分析与处理;利用主协调器及PLC将接收的监测数据传至上位机进行实时显示,由监控平台,结合红外收发器完成对外部设备的远程控制;上位机采用Wincc组态软件,结合西门子精智面板提供优异的人机交互界面体验;通过实验测试表明,该系统可实现大范围的室内环境参数的采集和传输以及远距离监控功能,且具有安装方便、扩展性强等特点,适用于需进行统一管理的智能楼宇建筑。     

音视频资料自动采集系统设计与实现

论文主要以开发自动采集执法过程中多种执法设备产生的音视频资料为目的.通过采集工作站的配件选型和整体设计,能够方便基层人员的使用和充电.通过采用JAVAFX、JNA技术和基于无驱的LIBUSBX相结合的技术,论文开发的音视频资料自动采集系统首次不仅能够完成不同厂商多种型号执法设备上资料的自动采集、元数据的自动提取和上传、视频资料的自动压缩,还可以对执法设备进行自动校时,大大方便了用户的使用,提高了工作效率.     

环境监测数据采集系统设计

随着经济和社会的快速发展,环境大气污染尤其是雾霾和有毒气体对人体的危害越来越大,于是对环境信息如PM2.5、温湿度、各种气体浓度等的监控要求愈来愈高.因此,研发和设计一种功能多样、可靠性高、便携性好的环境监测数据采集系统具有十分重要的意义.本文运用传感器及嵌入式技术设计了一种新型便携式综合环境监测数据采集系统.实验结果和误差分析表明该数据采集系统可实现实时数据采集和显示功能并保证系统数据的可信度,也可应用于空气质量监测、室内环境监测、煤气、天然气及有毒气体监测等场景.