氟化镧纳米粒子的原位合成及润滑机理

在Tween-80/n-C10H21OH/H2O体系层状液晶中原位合成出粒径为5-25 nm氟化镧纳米粒子,用四球摩擦磨损实验机考察了氟化镧纳米粒子在Tween-80/n-C10H21OH/H2O体系层状液晶中的润滑性能,并用X-射线光电子能谱对其摩擦化学作用机理进行了研究。结果表明,氟化镧纳米粒子能提高Tween-80/n-C10H21OH/H2O体系层状液晶的润滑性能,其在摩擦过程中,发生了摩擦化学反应,在摩擦表面生成了化学反应膜。     

三元低共熔溶剂中纳米硫化铜的合成及其光催化研究

以铜粉和硫粉为原料,在摩尔比为0.48:0.32:0.2的乙酰胺,尿素,硝酸铵三元低共熔溶剂中通过单质直接反应合成了纳米CuS。通过XRD、SEM、EDS和UV-Vis DRS等手段进行了表征,XRD、EDS表明产品为纯净的CuS晶体。SEM显示产品是由纳米片交错连结而成的球体结构。UV-Vis DRS表明产品的禁带宽度为1.86 e V。测试产品的光催化降解染料性能,光照100 min后亚甲基蓝(10 mg/L)的降解率可达到100%。表明CuS具有良好的光催化活性。     

膦酸酯润滑油添加剂的合成及摩擦学性能

以1-己烯二聚物2-丁基-1-辛烯和亚磷酸二乙酯为原料,通过自由基加成反应合成了(2-丁基辛基)膦酸二乙酯(C6-P-C2),用FTIR、GC及GC-MS进行表征,将C6-P-C2作为添加剂添加到聚乙二醇400基础油中,测试其摩擦学性能。结果表明,C6-P-C2展现出了较优异的摩擦学性能,能够显著地提高基础油的极压、减摩和抗磨性能,且性能优于磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)。     

通过SiC纳米颗粒的原位合成制备氧化铝/碳化硅复合材料

通过一种包含SiC纳米微粒原位合成的新技术制备氧化铝/碳化硅复合材料。在水悬浮液中制备氧化铝粉末和碳化硅前体混合物。通过冷冻破碎和氩气中1 750℃、4h的无压烧结得到的小颗粒,通过冷等静压将其制成坯体。在烧结形成莫来石的过程中加入SiC。SiC颗粒主要存在于莫来石内部和氧化铝基质的颗粒中。     

纳米CaCO3合成及原位改性的研究

在旋转填充床反应器中合成了纳米CaCO3悬浮液,利用pH计跟踪Ca(OH)2碳化反应过程,研究了碳化反应过程原理。结果表明：旋转填充床能极大地强化相间传质与微观混合,提高体系中CaCO3的过饱和度,增大其成核及生长速率。加入适当的添加剂对纳米CaCO3进行原位改性;利用TEM照片研究了原位改性过程中纳米CaCO3的成核生长机理,并考察了添加剂的作用机理。     

表面修饰纳米铜颗粒添加剂的摩擦学性能

采用液相还原两步法制备了表面修饰的铜纳米颗粒,采用美国产UMT-3摩擦试验机进行四球长时抗磨实验,考察了其作为150N基础油添加剂的抗磨减摩性能及对钢球磨损表面的修复作用,用SEM和EDS分析了磨损表面的形貌和元素组成.结果表明,经过表面修饰的纳米铜颗粒作为添加剂能显著改善150N基础油的抗磨减摩性能.含4%纳米铜颗粒...     

高岭土微球原位合成纳米Y沸石

喷雾干燥成型的苏州高岭土经不同温度焙烧活化后在水热条件下原位晶化为纳米尺度的NaY沸石微球。采用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）分析合成前后微球的化学组成;采用X射线衍射光谱（XRD）表征微球的晶相组成;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征合成前后微球的形貌。考察了合成过程中投料硅铝物质的量比、晶种导向剂用量、碱量、体系水加入量和高岭土焙烧温度等条件对原位晶化合成的影响,并讨论了合成过程出现的问题,制备了纯相且生长完好的纳米尺度的Y沸石微球。     

纳米六方氮化硼负载离子液体润滑添加剂的摩擦学特性

制备了超声剥离的六方氮化硼负载油酸咪唑离子液体(OL-IL/h-BN)润滑添加剂,利用SEM、TEM、FTIR、TG及XRD等对其结构和形貌进行了表征。利用Zeta电位测试方法表征了其在聚乙二醇400中的分散性能,结果发现分散稳定性得到大幅提升。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机测试了摩擦学性能,结果显示减摩抗磨性能都优于h-BN。利用SEM和XPS对其磨斑表面形貌和成分进行了分析,XPS分析结果显示表面膜中含有化学吸附膜以及Fe2O3和B2O3等化学反应膜,这些膜的形成对减摩抗磨性能起到至关重要的作用。     

纳米粒子作为润滑添加剂的摩擦学特性

作为润滑添加剂,纳米粒子具有独特的物理化学特性和优良的摩擦学性能。纳米添加剂可以提高基础油的润滑性能,减摩抗磨性能。综述了纳米粒子润滑添加剂的摩擦学特性和润滑机理。目前关于纳米粒子减摩抗磨机理比较一致的观点是纳米粒子在摩擦表面较易吸附且形成润滑保护膜。     

单分散磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒溶剂热合成及性能

采用溶剂热还原方法,以FeCl3·6H2O和乙二醇为原料,在160 ℃相对低温条件下成功合成四氧化三铁纳米颗粒.利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计等手段对产物进行分析和表征.结果表明:产物Fe3O4为反尖晶石结构,其16 h、24 h合成产物平均粒径分别为145 nm和495 nm.颗粒间没有明显团聚,大小均匀,分散性好,表现出良好的单分散性.研究了反应时间对Fe3O4粒径的影响,24 h产物的饱和磁化强度为79.3 emu/g,显示出较高的磁性能.     

Liquid Crystals in Tribology

Two decades ago, the literature dealing with the possible applications of low molar mass liquid crystals, also called monomer liquid crystals (MLCs), only included about 50 references. Today, thousands of papers, conference reports, books or book chapters and patents refer to the study and applications of MLCs as lubricants and lubricant additives and efforts are made to develop new commercial applications. The development of more efficient lubricants is of paramount technological and economic relevance as it is estimated that half the energy consumption is dissipated as friction. MLCs have shown their ability to form ordered boundary layers with good load-carrying capacity and to lower the friction coefficients, wear rates and contact temperature of sliding surfaces, thus contributing to increase the components service life and to save energy. This review includes the use of MLCs in lubrication, and dispersions of MLCs in conventional polymers (PDMLCs). Finally, new lubricating system composed of MLC blends with surfactants, ionic liquids or nanophases are considered.     

MXene材料的制备及其对液体石蜡润滑性能的研究

本文以TiH2/2TiC/1.1Al的混合粉末为原料,在管式炉中通入氩气作为保护气氛,在1450℃保温2h制备出高纯Ti3AlC2.在室温下,将Ti3AlC2粉末浸入浓度为40％与50％的氢氟酸溶液中磁力搅拌24 h,选择性刻蚀掉Ti3AlC2结构中的Al元素,利用XRD和SEM来表征剥离产物,结果表明,Ti3AlC2的层状结构明显分离开来,成功制备出了类石墨烯的二维晶体材料MXene.利用万能摩擦磨损试验机测试了添加不同含量MXene的液体石蜡的润滑性能,结果表明,添加适量的MXene对液体石蜡的润滑性能有所改善.     

Controllable synthesis, optical and photocatalytic properties of CuS nanomaterials with hierarchical structures

The controlled synthesis of CuS nanomaterials with hierarchical structures has been realized by chemical synthesis between copper nitrate trihydrate and thiourea via a solvothermal route. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the products. It was shown that CuS nanomaterials with hierarchical structures were composed of numerous nanoplates or nanorods. Experiments demonstrated that the morphologies of CuS nanomaterials were significantly influenced by reaction temperature, growth time and sulfur sources. A growth model was proposed for the selective formation of CuS hierarchical structures. The optical properties of the CuS hierarchical structures were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum had a broad absorption in the visible range and the photoluminescence spectrum showed a strong green emission. Photocatalytic performance of the CuS hierarchical structures was evaluated by measuring the decomposition rate of methylene blue solution under natural light. The CuS hierarchical structures showed good photocatalytic activity.     

液体橡胶-环氧树脂复合材料在液体石蜡润滑下的摩擦性能

用端异氰酸酯基液体橡胶与环氧树脂制得液体橡胶-环氧树脂聚合物(ETPB).在ETPB中分别加入质量分数为5%和10%的纳米Al2O3,并选择适宜的固化剂固化,制得ETPB-Al2O3复合材料.测试了ETPB,ETPB-Al2O3复合材料在液体石蜡润滑下的滑动摩擦性能,考察了磨损率及摩擦系数与载荷和滑动速度之间的关系,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对几种材料磨损表面进行了观察.结果表明,端异氰酸酯基液体橡胶改性环氧树脂可显著提高抗磨损性能;填充纳米Al2O3无机粒子可显著提高ETPB的抗磨损性能,其最佳填充量为5%.     

Synthesis of novel CuS with hierarchical structures and its application in lithium-ion batteries

Novel sphere-like CuS hierarchical structures are fabricated by solvothermal approach without any surfactant and template. SEM and TEM characterizations show that the CuS sphere-like structures are composed of tens to hundreds of well-arranged and self-assembled nanoplates with a thickness of about 20 nm. The effects of dosage of CuCl₂•6H₂O, temperature and reaction time on the morphology of the products are systematically investigated and the results indicate that the CuS sphere-like hierarchical structures can only be obtained under certain experimental conditions. The possible formation mechanism of the CuS hierarchical structures is proposed. In addition, the possibility of using CuS as the electrode material for lithium ion batteries is studied.     

液体石蜡的应用

本文介绍了液体石蜡的来源,加工方法,对液体石蜡的应用进行了综述。指出,沈北原油含丰富的液体石蜡,提取液体石碏并进行深加工将获得很好的经济效益。     

Preparation and tribological properties of unmodified and oleic acid-modified CuS nanorods as lubricating oil additives

Unmodified and oleic acid-modified CuS nanorods were prepared by water bath and hydrothermal method. The prepared CuS nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The tribological properties of both types of CuS nanorods as additives in liquid paraffin (LP) were investigated using a vertical universal friction and wear testing machine. The addition of unmodified and oleic acid-modified CuS nanorods was found to significantly reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate of pins by increasing the surface area and addition concentration of CuS nanorod additives. The addition of oleic acid-modified CuS nanorod showed higher anti-wear properties than those of unmodified CuS nanorods. The prominent tribological performances of CuS nanorods additives were attributed to the formation of complete and uniform tribo-film,which is confirmed by the EDS analyses of tested worn surfaces of pins.     

“一锅法”水热制备CuS/C复合材料及其在超级电容器中的应用

采用三水合硝酸铜为铜源、硫脲为硫源、D-葡萄糖酸钠为络合剂,发展了简单的“一锅法”水热直接一步合成CuS/C复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、激光显微拉曼光谱仪（Raman）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和有机元素分析仪对复合材料组成、结构及形貌进行表征。研究发现,样品主要由花状CuS球组成,同时含有质量分数约为6%的光滑炭球,CuS球表面分布有花瓣状褶皱,形成的大量孔道有利于离子传输,并增大活性物质与电解液的接触面积。研究表明,在1 A·g^-1电流密度下,比电容高达719 F·g^-1,与不加络合剂制备得到的CuS（382 F·g^-1）相比,比电容显著提高,并且在充放电1000次后比电容保持在80%左右,显示出良好的循环稳定性。     

Large-scale synthesis of CuS nanoparticles for photothermal materials using high-concentration Cu complex ion precursor

Copper sulfide (CuS), a copper-deficient p-type semiconductor material, has been widely utilized due to its unique optical properties, low toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. Although many studies have been conducted on synthesizing CuS nanoparticles, harsh synthetic conditions and low yield must be solved. This study presents a new methodology that can synthesize CuS nanoparticles in large quantities at room temperature and pressure using high-concentration Cu complex ion precursors. This methodology is based on the theory that the critical nucleus radius and the critical nucleation free energy decrease as the concentration of the precursor increases to synthesize a large number of nanoparticles by applying low energy. In addition, it is possible to minimize the aggregation of nanoparticles, which is a problem of nanoparticles synthesized at a high precursor concentration through complex ions in the solution. We synthesized nanoparticles by controlling the precursor concentration from 0.1 to 2.5 M to confirm the effect of the precursor concentration on the size, shape, and yield of nanoparticles. As the precursor concentration increased, the particle size decreased, and the yield improved. The CuS nanoparticles synthesized at the highest concentration had a size of about 17 nm without a strong agglomeration and a yield of about 213.9 g/L. Furthermore, the nanoparticles showed excellent photothermal performance due to their high near-infrared absorption. When about 0.1 g of the nanoparticles were irradiated with a Xenon lamp and an 808 nm laser, the maximum temperatures and rising rates were 53.7°C and 172.1°C and 13.8°C/mg and 33°C/mg, respectively. The excellent photothermal properties of CuS nanoparticles suggest the potential of this material for various applications.