机器学习方法的比较

本文总结了机器学习的几种常见方法,并介绍了衡量各种学习方法的标准,然后对各种学习方法进行了比较和分析,以便对机器学习各种方法形成整体概观。     

纳米材料模板合成技术研究

如何得到纳米材料是目前纳米科学的研究热点，综述了纳米材料的多种模板合成研究方法，分析了各种制备方法的特点并对各种模板合成方法进行了分类比较，举例说明了各种模板在纳米合成方面的应用，并对未来发展进行了展望。     

微量水分测量方法及其比较

文章主要介绍了四种测量微量水分的常用方法，分析了各种方法的特点，并从应用的角度比较了各种方法的优缺点。     

类金刚石（DLC）膜的制备技术概况

综述了类金刚石膜的制备方法，以及各种制备方法的基本原理和特点，并分析了各种方法对膜的结构和性能的影响。     

简单香豆素的提取及生产工艺

本文对香豆素的来源、总香豆素的提取方法和总香豆素的分离方法等进行了综述,简单介绍了香豆素的各种提取方法和各种分离方法,最后对香豆素的应用做了简单介绍。     

片状银粉制备技术的现状与展望

介绍了片状银粉制备技术的各种方法,并对各种方法的优缺点作了比较,同时展望了今后片状银粉制备技术的发展方向.     

纳米羟基磷灰石粉体制备工艺及影响因素研究进展

综述了纳米羟基磷灰石粉体的各种制备方法,分析了各种制备方法的优缺点,同时还评述了影响羟基磷灰石晶粒纳米尺寸的各种因素。     

几何光探针法在表面形貌测量中的应用

本全面地总结了应用于表面形貌测量中的各种几何探针方法，概述了 这些方法的原理、特性及发展现状，并对各种方法的优越性及存在问题进行了比较。     

一种动态计重收费系统(轴重仪)校准方法

本文提出了一种动态轴重仪的校准方法．并通过对各种路面情况的分析,得出了各种路面对测量数据的影响．定性的分析了各种路面对动态测量的影响．论证了这种方法具有一定的科学合理性、简单实用性。     

清洁的超高真空技术(综述)

本文首先叙述了清洁超高真空的基本概念，并指出了污染的来源及其危害性。 叙述了各种清洁的超高真空获得手段。主要介绍了溅射离子泵、升华钛泵和用油扩散荣获得清洁的超高真空的方法。 叙述了用分子筛泵和机械泵获得粗真空的方法。 介绍了鉴别污染的各种方法及在超高真空中各种清除污染的方法。     

Intracellular Labeling with Extrinsic Probes: Delivery Strategies and Applications

Extrinsic probes have outstanding properties for intracellular labeling to visualize dynamic processes in and of living cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Since extrinsic probes are in many cases cell‐impermeable, different biochemical, and physical approaches have been used to break the cell membrane barrier for direct delivery into the cytoplasm. In this Review, these intracellular delivery strategies are discussed, briefly explaining the mechanisms and how they are used for live‐cell labeling applications. Methods that are discussed include three biochemical agents that are used for this purpose—purpose‐different nanocarriers, cell penetrating peptides and the pore‐foraming bacterial toxin streptolysin O. Most successful intracellular label delivery methods are, however, based on physical principles to permeabilize the membrane and include electroporation, laser‐induced photoporation, micro‐ and nanoinjection, nanoneedles or nanostraws, microfluidics, and nanomachines. The strengths and weaknesses of each strategy are discussed with a systematic comparison provided. Finally, the extrinsic probes that are reported for intracellular labeling so‐far are summarized, together with the delivery strategies that are used and their performance. This combined information should provide for a useful guide for choosing the most suitable delivery method for the desired probes.     

大型设备基础拆除爆破参数的设计

对大型设备基础拆除爆破的参数设计方法进行了研究，提出爆破参数的计算式。这些计算式的计算结果与工程实践相符，用于拆除爆破工程中，可获得良好和爆破效果。     

Further Consideration of Heteroscedasticity in Fitting Kinetic Models

Box and Hill [6] recently proposed a method for using power transformation weighting in least squares analysis to account for changing variance. Such an approach can be useful when the original data are heteroscedastic but adequate weight estimates are not available, and when the original data are homoscedastic but heteroscedasticity is induced by the data analyst in linearising a nonlinear model.

Several aspects of their proposal are examined for practical implications in fitting chemical kinetic models and a more direct algorithm is recommended for fitting nonlinear models to heteroscedastic data. Methods for testing model adequacy and assessing parameter precision in such situations are also discussed.     

Renovating the excitation circuit of a conventional welding converter

This paper presents two different new excitation current supplies based on power electronics for an existing conventional welding converter. The proposed circuits are simulated using Lab-VIEW 1200 AI and a PC based system. In the expressions for winding currents the dynamic inductances are used to take into account the saturation in the core of the winding. The experimental circuits are implemented and tested. The percentage peak-to-peak ripple currents are calculated for both simulation and experimental results and for both circuit configurations. The results are summarized in two tables for comparison.     

Uncertainty Propagation for NIST Visible Spectral Standards

Uncertainties in the NIST spectral standards for detectors and sources in the visible wavelength range are propagated from the high accuracy cryogenic radiometer measurements, taking correlations into account at every stage. Partial correlations between spectral values at different wavelengths, important for subsequent radiometric calculations, are estimated. Uncertainty propagation through fitting and through transfer spectral measurements is described in detail. Detector uncertainties are propagated through the spectral comparator facility for external calibrations and for internal photometric quantities. Uncertainties in spectral irradiance are derived for the detector-based temperature determination, then propagated through working standards to calibrated artifacts. Spectral irradiance calibrations are generally provided at a limited number of wavelengths. Interpolation, rather than fitting, is recommended for the interpolation of NIST-provided spectral irradiance values.     

Boundary element formulation for the coupled stretching-bending analysis of thin laminated plates

The boundary integral equations for the coupled stretching-bending analysis of thin laminated plates involve an integral which will be singular when the field point approaches the source point. To avoid the singular problem occurring in the numerical programming, the boundary integral equations are modified in which the integrals of singular part are integrated analytically. The analytical solutions for the free term coefficients and singular integrals are obtained in explicit closed-form. By dividing the boundary into elements and using suitable interpolation polynomials for basic functions, the set of equations necessary for boundary element programming are written explicitly for regular nodes and corner nodes. The equations for the determination of displacements and stresses at internal points are also presented in this paper.     

华蓥山电厂2x300MW工程汽机房通风方案介绍

本文简要介绍了华蓥山电厂2x300MW工程的汽机房通风系统设计,推荐采用自然进风、自然排风 辅助机械排风的通风方案.汽机房屋面设置屋顶自然通风器排风,除氧器间屋面设置屋顶风机排风.对火力发电厂汽机房的通风方式进行了一些描述,对目前常用的主要通风方式进行了简单的比较.提出了汽机房通风设计中应注意的问题.     

Diagnostics for Nonlinearity and Heteroscedasticity in Errors-in-Variables Regression

We suggest new plotting methods for residual analysis in errors-in-variables regression. The standard residuals analyses are based on the methods of Miller and Fuller and are appropriate when the errors in the regression and the measurement error are symmetrically distributed. By “appropriate,” we mean that in large samples the plots will not falsely identify a nonexistent pattern of heteroscedasticity or nonlinearity. The standard methods are not appropriate in this sense for skewed error distributions. Our methods require replication of the error-prone predictors, but they are appropriate for both symmetric and skewed error distributions. Besides residual plots, we also construct hypothesis tests for heteroscedasticity. In terms of power for detecting heteroscedasticity, we show that the standard plot is more efficient when the residuals are normally distributed, although it does not achieve its nominal level for skewed error distributions. Simulations are used to illustrate the results. We also consider the case that measurement error in the response is correlated with the measurement error in the predictors, suggesting new residual plots in this setting. The article also contains a short summary of plotting techniques for detecting heteroscedasticity in regression.     

Effective properties of platelet reinforced piezocomposites

Simple algebraic formulae are derived for estimates of the effective thermo-electroelastic moduli of multiphase platelet reinforced composites with the self-consistent and Mori-Tanaka methods. Specific results are given for the effective elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric constants, as well as the thermal stress tensor and pyroelectric constant. The platelets are modeled as very thin oblate spheroids in which the edge effects caused by the sharp corners are taken to be negligible. The results are formulated with the help of a polarization tensor for a piezoelectric platelet inclusion. It is shown that, although the two methods are different in nature, their estimates of the thermoelectroelastic moduli are exactly the same. When the piezoelectric coupling is absent, the results exactly reduce to those for uncoupled elasticity. Moreover, they exhibit the correct behavior in the low and high concentration limits. A number of exact results for a platelet inclusion are also established.     

Complex variable boundary integral method for linear viscoelasticity: Part I—basic formulations

The basic formulations (direct and indirect) of the complex variable boundary integral method for linear viscoelasticity are presented. Complex variable temporal integral equations for the formulations are obtained for viscoelastic solids whose behavior in shear is governed by a Boltzmann model while the bulk behavior is purely elastic. The functions involved in the integral equations are the time-dependent complex boundary tractions and displacements for the direct approach and the unknown time-dependent complex density functions for the indirect approaches. The temporal integral equations give the displacements and stresses at a point inside a viscoelastic region in terms of time convolution and space integrals over the boundary of this region. The equations are valid for the boundaries of arbitrary shapes provided that these boundaries are sufficiently smooth. Complex variable temporal boundary equations are obtained by taking the inner point to the boundary. Numerical treatment of spatial and time convolution integrals involved in the boundary equations is discussed.