多小区多用户TDD MIMO下行链路干扰抑制预编码算法

针对多小区多用户TDD MIMO下行链路,提出了一种基于预编码的联合干扰抑制算法。首先,利用广义MMSE信道逆的QR分解设计预编码矩阵抑制下行链路的多用户干扰(MUI)。然后,从信号能量泄露的角度设计第二个预编码矩阵抑制小区间干扰(ICI)和残留的多用户干扰。该算法能够利用TDD MIMO信道的互易性,不需要用户端的反馈。在市区微小区组成的多用户TDD MIMO系统中的仿真结果表明,该算法能有效地提高系统容量和用户端平均信干噪比(SINR)。     

SVD pre/post-RAKE with adaptive trellis-coded modulation for TDD DSSS applications

Since reciprocal channels can be found in time-division duplex (TDD) systems, TDD direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems are capable of implementing a pre-RAKE structure as a predistortion technique. In this paper, we propose a singular value decomposition (SVD) pre/post-RAKE in which the RAKE combiner is utilized at both the transmitter and the receiver. If the combining weights of the pre- and post-RAKE are determined by the singular value decomposition, then parallel subchannels can be established in the eigenspace. We obtain the optimal information capacity by applying the water-filling solution to the SVD pre/post-RAKE and investigate the capacity behavior at an asymptotic high SNR. The SVD pre/post-RAKE provides remarkable capacity improvement without increasing the average transmit power or frequency bandwidth, since multiple data streams can be reliably transmitted through the parallel subchannels. For practical implementation, the adaptive trellis-coded modulation technique with a bit and power-allocation algorithm is applied to the SVD pre/post-RAKE. Compared with other RAKE structures, the SVD pre/post-RAKE provides a significant performance gain in high data rate communication.     

An Overlaid Hybrid‐Division Duplex OFDMA System with Multihop Transmission

In this letter, we propose an overlaid hybrid division duplex (HDD) concept for cellular systems which divides a cell into inner and outer regions and utilizes the merits of both time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD). The proposed system can take advantage of both TDD and FDD without handover between two duplex schemes. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed HDD system outperforms the conventional TDD or FDD system with mobile relay stations when the synchronization issue is considered in orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems. Thus, the proposed overlaid HDD can be considered as a new framework for future cellular systems.     

Low‐Cost High‐Performance TDD Synchronizer for WiBro RF Repeater

WiBro radio frequency (RF) repeater is used for solving the problem of partial shadow areas in the wireless communication field that uses time‐division duplexing (TDD) mode. In this paper, a method to efficiently generate TDD signals for WiBro RF repeater is proposed and its digital circuit is implemented. A TDD signal is detected from RF signals transmitted/received to/from RF repeater and then inputted again into the RF repeater, so that it can operate normally. First, the envelope of downlink signals is detected and then clamped to extract the basic form of a TDD signal using an operational amplifier circuit. Next, the TDD signal is generated by restoring and filtering the shape which has been distorted by the wireless channel. The algorithm and system to acquire TDD signal are developed with a goal to have simple but powerful functions with as little cost as possible. The proposed method is implemented as an RF‐digital integrated system and verified through the experiments under the same condition as actual WiBro service environment.     

A dynamic channel assignment algorithm for a hybrid TDMA/CDMA-TDDinterface using the novel TS-opposing technique

It has been demonstrated that code division multiple access (CDMA) provides great flexibility by enabling efficient multiuser access in a cellular environment. In addition, time division duplex (TDD) as compared to frequency division duplex (FDD) represents an appropriate method to cater for the asymmetric use of a duplex channel. However, the TDD technique is subject to additional interference mechanisms compared to an FDD system, in particular if neighboring cells require different rates of asymmetry. If TDD is combined with an interference limited multiple access technique such as CDMA, the additional interference mechanism represents an important issue. This issue poses the question of whether a CDMA/TDD air-interface can be used in a cellular environment. The problems are eased if a hybrid time division multiple access (TDMA)/CDMA interface (TD-CDMA) is used. The reason for this is that the TDMA component adds another degree of freedom which can be utilized to avoid interference. This, however, requires special channel assignment techniques. A notable example of a system which uses a TD-CDMA/TDD interface is the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). This paper presents a novel centralized dynamic channel assignment (DCA) algorithm for a TD-CDMA/TDD air-interface. The DCA algorithm exploits a new technique which is termed “TS-opposing technique.” The key result is that the new DCA algorithm enables neighboring cells to adopt different rates of asymmetry without a significant capacity loss     

上下行信道不对称性对TDD-MIMO系统的影响

时分双工和多输入多输出技术均是超三代移动通信中的关键技术。在传统的关于时分双工的文献中,发送端信道状态信息均通过上下行信道的对称性获得。然而实际中由于受温度、湿度等影响,射频电路增益会缓慢变化,于是关于上下行信道对称的假设不再成立,这必定会对性能产生影响。本文详细分析了该影响并提出通过采用射频电路参数反馈法来解决这一问题。仿真结果表明,相对于传统的上行信道重用法,采用射频参数反馈法提高了系统信道容量。     

动态TDD技术HARQ时序冲突的解决方案

动态TDD技术的引入不仅能够很好地解决突发性业务需求增长较快的问题,还能提升小区通信系统的服务质量.在动态TDD系统中,无线帧配置可以通过系统中的负载量来改变.但是一些子帧可能会在重配后改变传输方向,导致一些HARQ进程出现时序冲突,影响系统性能.为了解决动态TDD系统中的HARQ时序冲突问题,提出了一种基于过渡无线帧的混合自动重传方案.当重配周期到来时,在重配点后增加一个过渡无线帧,使得HARQ时序以一种较简单、时序冲突较少的方式过渡到重配后的无线帧.在LTE系统仿真平台上建立HARQ模型进行性能验证,仿真结果表明,所提方案能有效地提升系统资源利用率,并给系统平均吞吐量带来增益.     

K频段FH-TDD微波设备关键技术分析

为了满足我国紧跟国外微波通信发展的要求,采用时分双工工作方式、跳频抗干扰体制的微波通信机的研制非常必要。K频段FH-TDD微波机是典型的微波视距通信系统,主要用于中/短距离的"点对点"无线链接。能满足在野战环境下对中小容量微波系统的需求。采用时分双工工作方式,简化设备方案及成本,提高频谱资源利用率;采用高频段、高速率跳频(高跳速,高增益)技术,系统具有很高的抗干扰,抗截获能力。本文通过K频段微波设备的总体设计,着重论述K频段FH-TDD微波通信的时分双工控制、跳频控制和跳频同步等关键技术。     

Shared time-division duplexing (STDD): impact of runlengths ofdropped packets and fast-speech activity detection

Shared time-division duplexing (STDD) is a proposed high-quality low-delay multiple-access technique for microcellular systems. By sharing time slots in both directions of transmission, it provides a considerable increase in capacity over time-division systems with speech activity detection (SAD) with relatively few users per carrier frequency. We investigate the temporal robustness of time-division multiple access (TDMA) with TDD/SAD and STDD. We specifically consider the statistics of the runlength of dropped packets for each scheme and show that although STDD is superior to TDMA/TDD/SAD when both systems are operating at full capacity, both systems suffer from long periods of dropped packets. We introduce circular interleaving as a method of reducing the average runlength of dropped packets. Fast SAD (FSAD) is also considered. We obtain a novel model that describes (FSAD) speech for a pair of users by merging two existing models: one for (slow) SAD on-off speech for a pair of users and one describing FSAD speech of a single user. It is concluded based on this model that FSAD results in a considerable increase in the capacity over systems with slow SAD as well as in shorter average runlengths of dropped packets. A number of numerical results are included, especially for the short frame length of 2 ms. We note that FSAD yields a further capacity gain of about 20% beyond that of STDD with slow SAD     

Robust Uniform Channel Decomposition and Power Allocation for MIMO Systems with Imperfect CSI

In point to point MIMO systems, uniform channel decomposition (UCD) has been proven to be optimal in bit error rate (BER) performance and strictly capacity lossless when perfect channel state information (CSI) are assumed to be available at both the transmitter and the receiver side. However, in practice, CSI can be obtained at the transmitter if there is reciprocity between the forward and reverse channels in time division duplex (TDD) systems or can be conveyed from the receiver to the transmitter via a feedback channel. In any case, channel estimation error is inevitable. In this paper, a novel robust UCD scheme and corresponding optimal robust power allocation are proposed, which are capable of improving the BER performance in the context of imperfect CSI compared with the conventional UCD scheme and the robust precoding scheme proposed by Amir D. Dabbagh and David J. Love. Simulation results show that the MIMO channel capacity of the proposed robust UCD scheme is higher than that of the conventional UCD scheme. By deriving and analyzing the MIMO channel capacity lower bound of the robust UCD scheme, we prove that our proposed robust UCD scheme is capacity lossless in a channel estimation error existing MIMO system.     

Symbol rate and modulation level-controlled adaptivemodulation/TDMA/TDD system for high-bit-rate wireless data transmission

This paper proposes a time-division multiple-access/time-division duplex (TDMA/TDD)-based symbol rate and modulation level-controlled adaptive modulation system for high-bit-rate data transmission. The proposed system controls both the symbol rate and modulation level for the next transmission time slot according to the estimated carrier power to noise spectral density ratio (C/N₀) and delay spread for the time slot to achieve higher bit rate and higher transmission quality as well as higher delay-spread immunity. It is demonstrated by computer simulation and laboratory experiments that the proposed system can achieve a higher average bit rate with higher transmission quality in comparison with the fixed-rate quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) system and modulation level-controlled adaptive modulation system in both flat Rayleigh and frequency-selective fading environments. The simulated and experimental results also show that the proposed adaptive modulation techniques can be applied to 1-2-Mb/s indoor and outdoor microcellular systems with its delay spread of up to 250 ns and its terminal mobility of up to pedestrian speed without employing any special antifrequency-selective fading techniques, such as the adaptive equalizer and space diversity     

Multiuser MIMO OFDM Based TDD/TDMA for Next Generation Wireless Communication Systems

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology in combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) is an attractive air-interface solution for next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), and fourth-generation mobile cellular wireless systems. In this paper, one multiuser MIMO OFDM systems with TDD/TDMA was proposed for next-generation wireless mobile communications, i.e., TDD/TDMA 4G, which can avoid or alleviate the specific limitations of existing techniques designed for multiuser MIMO OFDM systems in broadband wireless mobile channel scenarios, i.e., bad performance and extreme complexity of multiuser detectors for rank-deficient multiuser MIMO OFDM systems with CDMA as access modes, extreme challenges of spatial MIMO channel estimators in rank-deficient MIMO OFDM systems, and exponential growth complexity of optimal sub-carrier allocations for OFDMA-based MIMO OFDM systems. Furthermore, inspired from the Steiner channel estimation method in multi-user CDMA uplink wireless channels, we proposed a new design scheme of training sequence in time domain to conduct channel estimation. Training sequences of different transmit antennas can be simply obtained by truncating the circular extension of one basic training sequence, and the pilot matrix assembled by these training sequences is one circular matrix with good reversibility. A novel eigenmode transmission was also given in this paper, and data symbols encoded by space–time codes can be steered to these eigenmodes similar to MIMO wireless communication systems with single-carrier transmission. At the same time,, an improved water-filling scheme was also described for determining the optimal transmit powers for orthogonal eigenmodes. The classical water-filling strategy is firstly adopted to determine the optimal power allocation and correspondent bit numbers for every eigenmode, followed by a residual power reallocation to further determine the additional bit numbers carried by every eigenmode. Compared with classical water-filling schemes, it can also obtain larger throughputs via residual power allocation. At last, three typical implementation schemes of multiuser MIMO OFDM with TDMA, CDMA and OFDMA, i.e., TDD/TDMA 4G, VSF-OFCDM and FuTURE B3G TDD, were tested by numerical simulations. Results indicated that the proposed multiuser MIMO OFDM system schemes with TDD/TDMA, i.e., TDD/TDMA 4G, can achieve comparable system performance and throughputs with low complexity and radio resource overhead to that of DoCoMo MIMO VSF-OFCDM and FuTURE B3G TDD.     

Reduction of mixed cochannel interference in microcellular sharedtime-division duplexing (STDD) systems

Shared time-division duplexing (STDD) is an attractive candidate for high-quality low-delay multiple access in microcellular systems. STDD provides a considerable increase in capacity over conventional time-division systems with conventional speech activity detection (SAD). By sharing time slots in both directions of transmission, large statistical multiplexing gains are obtained, even with a moderate number of users per carrier. We show by means of theory that STDD is superior to conventional time-division multiple access (TDMA) as well as TDMA/TDD/SAD in terms of capacity. We furthermore demonstrate how a type of mixed cochannel interference particular to STDD can be reduced or almost eliminated by means of directional antennas at the base stations for both reception and transmission, combined with appropriate organization of the time burst. The concept of partially shared TDD (PSTDD) is also introduced, and the tradeoff between capacity gains by means of statistical multiplexing and packets dropped due to interference is studied by means of analysis. To illustrate the introduced concepts and methodology of evaluation, a number of numerical results are given for a frame length of 2 ms. Statistical multiplexing gains of the order of 100% over TDMA are obtained with 40 speech slots per frame and a packet dropping rate of 0.1%     

多域协同的TDD大规模组网方法研究

如何在有着大量、广域、时变协同需求的海量节点间和多维资源约束下实现网络服务能力最大化是时分双工（time-division duplex,TDD）移动通信大规模组网面临的核心问题。从架构角度进行研究,创新性地提出适用于TDD大规模组网的全局协同优化架构,分为无线连接层、信号处理层和服务控制层,通过层间全局协同优化和层内资源域高效转化实现多维资源成本与网络服务能力的最优化。基于该架构,聚焦无线连接层的空口资源,对多资源域协同转化的无线组网方法进行深入研究,明确了时域、频域、空域、码域等多资源域协同转化机理,并设计了相应的无线组网机制。4G/5G现网实践验证结果表明,所提TDD大规模无线组网架构和方法可在有效控制干扰的同时高效利用各域资源,实现网络服务能力最大化。     

基于硅基光子学的2维相控阵真时延网络

为了实现大规模2维相控阵天线的光学真时延系统, 采用基于硅基光子学的二进制硅基集成二进制光延迟线技术, 提出一种2维相控阵(N×N)真时延网络, 利用2维相控阵结构的对称性以及行延迟和列延迟的独立控制, 真时延网络的复杂度可以降低至(N-1)/2(N为奇数)或N/2(N为偶数)。理论分析了该时延控制方案和集成时延芯片的设计, 以8×8的2维相控阵为例, 设计实现了包含4种硅基二进制时延线的真时延芯片, 测量了该芯片的时延量, 并针对测量的时延量仿真分析了2维相控阵天线的波束扫描特性。结果表明, 该真时延网络能够满足相控阵天线波束指向要求(角度误差小于0.5°); 集成光学技术的采用减小系统的体积和成本。该研究为大规模2维相控阵天线的真时延网络实现提供了一种可行的方法。     

时分双工系统波束赋形块长优化

提出了一种优化时分双工系统波束赋形块长的方案.在该系统中,由于上下行链路的信道互易性,基站可以通过上行导频估计出当前时刻的信道状态信息,从而计算出下一时刻的发射波束赋形向量或矩阵.当给定归一化导频开销时,不同的波束赋形块长对应不同的上行信道估计误差和上下行传输时延,进而导致不同的系统性能.以块平均后验信噪比为目标函数,...     

Diversity systems comparison of satellite visibility improvement for designing mobile broadcasting satellite system

This paper presents the experimental comparison of two diversity systems, namely, satellite diversity (Sat. D) and time-delayed diversity (TDD), in order to design a digital mobile broadcast satellite system (MBSS) using a geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) satellite. In order to design the digital MBSS using the GSO satellite, the attenuation characteristics due to urban buildings, trees, etc., must be studied. The measurements of the characteristics of diversity systems were carried out using Global Positioning System (GPS) signals with a limited elevation angle. By processing the measured data, the satellite visibility characteristics can be improved for the Sat. D and TDD systems. By using the Sat. D system, about 90% satellite visibility can be achieved in Sapporo and Asahikawa cities. Furthermore, the averaged satellite visibility can be improved by a factor of almost two by using the TDD system for the GSO satellite with a delay time of about 3/spl sim/6 min. An example of the TDD system application for a quasi-zenith satellite system is also discussed.     

大规模MIMO时分双工系统的基站天线互易校准算法

对于采用大规模MIMO技术的时分双工系统,基站天线的互易误差会破坏上下行基带信道互易特性,大幅降低系统下行传输性能。考虑到大规模MIMO技术所带来的基站天线间的耦合效应,该文设计了基于总体最小二乘估计的基站天线互易校准算法,以实现对基站的天线互易误差的补偿。该算法以增加计算复杂度为代价,以及通过增加信道测量样本,克服了上下行信道估计误差对现有天线互易误差校准算法的影响。同时,该文通过瑞利商迭代求解降低了该算法的复杂度。若忽略用户天线互易误差,计算机仿真结果表明,该算法相对于现有的基站天线互易误差校正算法,具有1.8 dB左右的性能增益。若考虑用户天线互易误差,该算法相对于已有的算法,具有随信道估计误差方差减小而增大的增益。     

Interference-Adaptive Fast Dynamic Channel Allocation in TD-SCDMA System

This paper proposes a new priority metric for fast dynamic channel allocation (DCA) in TD-SCDMA system, which reallocates radio resource units (RUs) to bearer services in a cell. It allows for developing a new interference-adaptive fast DCA algorithm, which is more flexible with a non-uniform user distribution. It considers the relative transmission opportunities with respect to the residual capacity and co-channel interference levels for all users, which steadily varies in the real communication environment. The proposed fast DCA algorithm aims to fully utilize the physical resource available in the time-division duplexing (TDD)-based CDMA system subject to the various types of inter-cell interference, as opposed to most existing algorithms in which traffic load and quality of service cannot be jointly balanced among the multiple radio resource units in a flexible manner. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the outage performance while reducing the average system interference, achieving full utilization of the physical resource, i.e., 48 RUs in TD-SCDMA, over a wide range of acceptable outage performance.     

海面的红外被动成像

本文在研究海面的红外成像特性中,建立了基于刚体的双尺度成像模型,从被动成像方面讨论了海面辐射特性的变化规律.该模型仿真结果很好地说明了风向对海面红外被动成像特性的影响.