Adaptive robust motion trajectory tracking control of pneumatic cylinders with LuGre model-based friction compensation

Friction compensation is particularly important for motion trajectory tracking control of pneumatic cylinders at low speed movement. However, most of the existing model-based friction compensation schemes use simple classical models, which are not enough to address applications with high-accuracy position requirements. Furthermore, the friction force in the cylinder is time-varying, and there exist rather severe unmodelled dynamics and unknown disturbances in the pneumatic system. To deal with these problems effectively, an adaptive robust controller with LuGre model-based dynamic friction compensation is constructed. The proposed controller employs on-line recursive least squares estimation（RLSE） to reduce the extent of parametric uncertainties, and utilizes the sliding mode control method to attenuate the effects of parameter estimation errors, unmodelled dynamics and disturbances. In addition, in order to realize LuGre model-based friction compensation, the modified dual-observer structure for estimating immeasurable friction internal state is developed. Therefore, a prescribed motion tracking transient performance and final tracking accuracy can be guaranteed. Since the system model uncertainties are unmatched, the recursive backstepping design technology is applied. In order to solve the conflicts between the sliding mode control design and the adaptive control design, the projection mapping is used to condition the RLSE algorithm so that the parameter estimates are kept within a known bounded convex set. Finally, the proposed controller is tested for tracking sinusoidal trajectories and smooth square trajectory under different loads and sudden disturbance. The testing results demonstrate that the achievable performance of the proposed controller is excellent and is much better than most other studies in literature. Especially when a 0.5 Hz sinusoidal trajectory is tracked, the maximum tracking error is 0.96 mm and the average tracking error is 0.45 mm. This paper constructs an adaptive robust controller     

基于反演设计的机械臂非奇异终端神经滑模控制

针对具有建模误差和不确定干扰的多关节机械臂的轨迹跟踪问题,设计反演非奇异终端神经滑模控制。该方案是采用能有限时间收敛的非奇异终端滑模面,根据滑模控制原理和反演方法设计反演滑模控制器;对于反演滑模控制系统中由于建模误差和不确定干扰造成的不确定因素的上界,设计径向基(Radial basis function, RBF)神经网络自适应律,在线估计不确定因素的上界;利用李亚普诺夫定理证明了系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的轨迹跟踪性能,提高对于建模误差和不确定干扰等因素的鲁棒性,削弱了抖动。     

基于AMESim和反步控制器的阀控电液伺服系统滑模控制分析

为了有效消除阀控电液伺服系统受到匹配干扰影响,采用反步法对系统非匹配干扰进行补偿,并引入了光滑连续一阶可导滑模控制技术,消除了滑模控制和反步控制过程的冲突.分析阀控电液伺服系统组成,建立了阀控电液伺服系统数学模型,并展开联合仿真分析.结果表明:在所有控制阶段中,滑模反步控制器都实现了有效抑制未知非匹配干扰程度,达到稳定...     

基于PID+ESO控制器的气动机械手控制仿真分析及试验研究

针对现实中的气动机械手存在的停滞及控制精度不高等缺点,为了使气动机械手具有更好的运动轨迹跟踪特性,降低非线性,通过分析PID+ESO控制器原理,对采用PID控制和扩张状态观测器PID控制下的气动机械手进行了理论研究。通过对控制器的设计,在MATLAB/Simulink软件上分别对两种不同的控制方法进行仿真,得到各轴的目标跟踪曲线和跟踪误差曲线。将此控制器原理应用于气动试验台,得出基于扩张状态观测器PID控制下的误差较低。应用于直角坐标气动机械手响应速度快、控制精度高。     

气动机械手轨迹的Terminal滑模控制方法

应用Terminal滑模控制方法对三轴直角坐标型气动机械手进行连续轨迹控制。首先建立了气动位置伺服系统的数学模型,然后运用Terminal滑模控制对机械手进行轨迹控制。仿真研究结果表明,采用高阶非线性的Terminal滑模控制方法,可以使该机械手对空间直线轨迹的跟踪误差只在未达到收敛点的时间段内较大,在到达收敛点后能完全跟踪目标轨迹。     

一种双倾斜式全驱动六旋翼无人机的建模与控制

常规旋翼无人机大都采用共线设计,只能产生竖直方向的推力,极大地限制了旋翼无人机在涉及物理交互任务时的应 用。 针对此问题,研究了一种双倾斜式全驱动六旋翼无人机,采用旋翼转轴非共线的设计方法,可以实现位置与姿态的独立控 制。 提出了一种抑制抖振的改进型积分滑模控制器,并与 PID 控制器、积分反演控制器和传统积分滑模控制器进行对比。 仿真 结果表明,所提出的改进型积分滑模控制器能够实现旋翼无人机位置与姿态的独立控制,并能够有效克服自身模型参数的不确 定性以及外部的风场扰动完成定点悬停与复杂的轨迹跟踪。 实物样机实验结果表明,该设计的全驱动旋翼无人机在长距离横 向运动时能够保持水平姿态, 俯仰角和滚转角误差控制在±2°以内。     

Sliding mode control with PID sliding surface and experimental application to an electromechanical plant

In this study, a sliding mode control system with a proportional+integral+derivative (PID) sliding surface is adopted to control the speed of an electromechanical plant. A robust sliding mode controller is derived so that the actual trajectory tracks the desired trajectory despite uncertainty, nonlinear dynamics, and external disturbances. The proposed sliding mode controller is chosen to ensure the stability of overall dynamics during the reaching phase and sliding phase. The stability of the system is guaranteed in the sense of the Lyapunov stability theorem. The chattering problem is overcome using a hyperbolic function for the sliding surface. Experimental results that are compared with the results of conventional PID verify that the proposed sliding mode controller can achieve favorable tracking performance, and it is robust with regard to uncertainties and disturbances.     

Adaptive Robust Tracking Control of Pressure Trajectory Based on Kalman Filter

When adaptive robust control(ARC) strategy based on backstepping design is applied in pneumatic servo control, accurate pressure tracking in motion is especially necessary for both force and position trajectories tracking of rodless pneumatic cylinders, and therefore an adaptive robust pressure controller is developed in this paper to improve the tracking accuracy of pressure trajectory in the chamber when the pneumatic cylinder is moving. In the proposed adaptive robust pressure controller, off-line fitting of the orifice area and on-line parameter estimation of the flow coefficient are utilized to have improved model compensation, and meanwhile robust feedback and Kalman filter are used to have strong robustness against uncertain nonlinearities, parameter fluctuations and noise. Research results demonstrate that the adaptive robust pressure controller could not only track various pressure trajectories accurately even when the pneumatic cylinder is moving, but also obtain very smooth control input, which indicates the effectiveness of adaptive model compensation. Especially when a step pressure trajectory is tracked under the condition of the movement of a rodless pneumatic cylinder, maximum tracking error of ARC is 4.46 kPa and average tracking error is 0.99 kPa, and steady-state error of ARC could achieve 0.84 kPa, which is very close to the measurement accuracy of pressure transducer.     

平面冗余驱动并联机构自适应滑模同步控制

基于Kane方程,建立了平面二自由度冗余驱动并联机构的动力学模型。基于轨迹轮廓误差,定义了机构的同步误差及滑模面,将动力学方程线性化,设计了自适应滑模同步控制器并对机构进行了稳定性分析。通过MATLAB仿真计算,并与计算力矩法进行比较发现,自适应滑模同步控制法优于计算力矩法,能够很好地实现轨迹跟踪。     

机械臂滑模控制算法研究

针对机械臂轨迹跟踪控制中传统滑模控制需估计其建模误差及外界干扰等不确定性,当建模不确定性及外界干扰较大较复杂时,将会导致出现抖振现象。该文在以传统滑模控制为主控制器的基础上,通过对传统干扰观测器进行改进,对外界干扰进行反馈补偿,同时利用神经网络对其建模误差进行逼近。通过机械手仿真实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效抑制系统抖振现象,提高响应速度及其轨迹跟踪精度。     

Adaptive backstepping slide mode control of pneumatic position servo system

With the price decreasing of the pneumatic proportional valve and the high performance micro controller, the simple structure and high tracking performance pneumatic servo system demonstrates more application potential in many fields. However, most existing control methods with high tracking performance need to know the model information and to use pressure sensor. This limits the application of the pneumatic servo system. An adaptive backstepping slide mode control method is proposed for pneumatic position servo system. The proposed method designs adaptive slide mode controller using backstepping design technique. The controller parameter adaptive law is derived from Lyapunov analysis to guarantee the stability of the system. A theorem is testified to show that the state of closed-loop system is uniformly bounded, and the closed-loop system is stable. The advantages of the proposed method include that system dynamic model parameters are not required for the controller design, uncertain parameters bounds are not need, and the bulk and expensive pressure sensor is not needed as well. Experimental results show that the designed controller can achieve better tracking performance, as compared with some existing methods.     

挖掘机器人伺服系统神经网络滑模控制

挖掘机器人伺服系统存在高度非线性、参数不确定和未建模动态等诸多不利因素,提出了一种结合径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的非线性滑模控制器,以提高控制精度和鲁棒性。首先,建立了单联伺服系统的数学模型;其次,采用RBF神经网络对系统的不利因素进行逼近,提出积分滑模面进一步减小稳态误差,同时减少对伺服系统参数的依赖,在此基础上,设计了基于RBF神经网络的滑模控制器(SMC-RBF),利用Lyapunov理论证明了系统的渐近稳定性;最后,通过不同的参考信号和整平实验验证了控制器的优越性。仿真结果表明,SMC-RBF控制器响应快,跟踪精度高且鲁棒性强,与PID控制器相比正弦轨迹跟踪精度提高了46%。整平实验结果表明,铲斗末端轨迹跟踪精度提高了52%。     

高速开关阀控气动位置伺服系统的模糊自适应PID控制

为实现高速开关阀控气动位置伺服系统的精确控制,以4个高速开关阀控制气缸的结构作为研究对象,提出一种模糊自适应PID算法以提高其控制精度.介绍了系统的结构与工作原理,并在此基础上建立系统数学模型.针对常规PID控制器难以适应多工况位置跟踪的问题,利用模糊控制原理对PID控制器的参数进行在线调整,以满足系统控制过程中对于参...     

直线电机精密定位平台轨迹跟踪控制器设计

为了实现直线电机精密定位平台的位置和速度的轨迹跟踪控制,本文基于内模控制（IMC）的基本原理,在直线电机精密定位平台参数辨识的基础上,设计了定位平台速度环的模型状态反馈（MSF）控制器和基于位置环PID和速度环MSF的级联控制器。将PID/MSF级联控制器与速度/加速度前馈控制（VFC/AFC）相结合,构成了PID/MSF+VFC/AFC的复合轨迹跟踪控制器。该复合轨迹跟踪控制器通过整定速度前馈的增益来改善位置环偏差控制的跟踪滞后现象和动态响应,增加控制系统的稳定性和伺服精度;通过整定加速度前馈的增益在不减小级联控制器位置环增益的前提下,减小速度前馈带来的超调量,提高轨迹跟踪精度。基于MATLAB/dSPACE实时仿真控制平台,实现了某直线电机平台的轨迹跟踪控制。仿真和实验结果表明,该轨迹跟踪控制器的轨迹跟踪精度为±0.028 mm,定位精度为±4 μm,满足直线电机精密定位平台轨迹跟踪控制的要求。     

气动肌肉并联关节的位姿轨迹跟踪控制

针对多输入多输出的气动肌肉并联关节,建立包含任务空间负载动态方程、容腔压力动态方程和高速开关阀平均流量方程的多阶动态系统数学模型。为保证气动肌肉并联关节系统良好动态特性的同时具有高精度的位姿轨迹跟踪,采用基于非连续投影算法的自适应鲁棒控制策略。该策略通过自适应参数估计来消除因气动肌肉并联关节系统动态数学模型的参数未知而引起的较大参数不确定,通过鲁棒反馈来消除因气动肌肉的伸缩力模型误差、摩擦力时变和关节系统的不可知干扰等引起的严重非线性不确定,且控制器基于反推设计,对多输入多输出的多阶耦合动态系统具有很好的适用性。试验结果表明：所研究的气动肌肉并联关节阶跃响应的静态误差小于0.09°,连续轨迹跟踪的标准误差小于0.15°,且具有较强的自适应性和鲁棒性。     

Sliding mode control with third-order contour error estimation for free-form contour following

To reduce the contour error in contour-following tasks, the most common method is to design a contour controller based on the contour error model. Therefore, how to estimate the contour error in real-time and with high accuracy plays an important role in contour-following control. It is difficult to guarantee real-time performance, high estimation accuracy and strong robustness against arbitrary trajectories at the same time. In this paper, a contour error estimation method based on the third-order osculating helix is proposed. The osculating helix can fully consider the geometric characteristics of the interpolation trajectory and is closer to the desired interpolation trajectory. On this basis, PD-type tracking error sliding mode surface and PD-type contour error sliding mode surface are redesigned to fully take into account the regulating effect of the velocity tracking error and velocity contour error. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed contour control approach.     

基于快速终端滑模的机器人轨迹跟踪避障方法

针对非完整轮式机器人有限时间精准轨迹跟踪避障问题,设计了一种基于全局快速终端滑模方法,兼具无抖振、收敛时间可调等优点的轨迹跟踪控制器。首先,在载体坐标系下建立轮式机器人运动学模型;其次,构造包含终端吸引子和指数收敛项的全局快速终端滑模轨迹跟踪控制器,通过Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计的控制器能确保轨迹与航向角跟踪误差均能在有限时间内收敛于较小的零域范围内;最后,引入人工势场避障方法,实现了机器人严格跟踪参考轨迹的同时绕开障碍物。实验结果表明,该方法能实现在避障的同时对于给定参考轨迹的有限时间稳定跟踪控制。     

随机振动机械臂的自适应鲁棒滑模控制

为了解决存在外部不确定随机干扰情况下机械臂的高精度轨迹跟踪问题,提出了一种自适应鲁棒滑模控制方法,并用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了其闭环系统的稳定性。采用饱和函数取代控制器中的符号函数,有效消除了控制器的抖振现象。仿真结果证明：与传统的PID控制器相比,提出的自适应鲁棒滑模控制器具有更高的鲁棒性、稳定性和精度。     

挖掘机基于干扰观测器的滑模控制

针对挖掘机工作装置的参数不确定和存在干扰的问题,将滑模控制用于挖掘机工作装置的轨迹跟踪控制中。为了削弱滑模控制中存在的抖振,设计了干扰观测器,对干扰项进行有效估计以降低滑模控制中的切换增益。利用Matlab／Simulink工具箱对所设计的控制器进行了仿真,给出了基于干扰观测器的滑模控制的跟踪性能及误差。     

Finite-time sliding mode controller for perturbed second-order systems

This paper presents a novel finite-time sliding mode controller applied to perturbed second order systems. The proposed scheme employs a disturbance observer that can identify growing in time disturbances. Then, the observer is combined with a sliding mode controller to achieve finite-time stabilization of the second-order system. The convergence of the observer as well as the finite-time stability of the closed-loop system is theoretically demonstrated. Besides, it is also shown that the finite-time convergence properties of a given controller can be enhanced when using a compensation term based on the disturbance observer. The proposed controller is compared with a twisting algorithm and a finite-time sliding mode controller with disturbance estimation. Also, a conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is combined with the proposed disturbance observer in a trajectory tracking task. Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed controller attains finite-time stabilization of the second order system by requiring a less amount of power than that demanded by the other control schemes and without being affected by the peaking phenomenon. Besides, the performance of the PID technique is enhanced by applying the proposed control methodology.