传统发酵酸牛奶中乳酸菌多态性分析

以从内蒙古呼伦贝尔市牧区采集的1份传统发酵酸牛奶样品为研究对象,对其进行乳酸菌的分离鉴定。通过传统纯培养法分离出17株菌,并对17株菌进行16SrDNA序列分析、多位点pheS序列分析和生理生化鉴定,鉴定的结果为11株乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、1株格式乳球菌、1株粪肠球菌、2株植物乳杆菌植物亚种及2株弯曲乳杆菌。乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种为优势菌(占总分离菌株的64.7%)。     

分离自传统发酵肉制品乳酸菌的发酵特性研究

对分离自传统发酵肉制品的植物乳杆菌(La04)和米酒乳杆菌(La22)的特性进行了研究.结果表明:两株菌均有良好的生长特性、产酸能力、耐盐能力和抑菌性能,具有分解亚硝酸盐的能力,但无蛋白质分解能力.最适生长温度为32～35℃,最适pH为5.5～7.5,具备作为肉用发酵剂的优良特性.     

Antimicrobial activity of camel's milk against pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes

The inhibitory activity of camel's milk and colostrum at 4°C and 20°C was tested by the well diffusion assay against six pathogens. The activity was also studied in situ by monitoring the growth of a three-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes or Escherichia coli O78:K80 in camel's milk, colostrum or Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) as function of time. The results of the well diffusion assay show that Bacillus cereus was resistant to the inhibitory activity present in camel's milk and to the colostrum, while L. monocytogenes LMG 13304 and E. coli O78:K80(JB2) were the most sensitive as judged by the diameters of the inhibition zones. The in situ test revealed a typical inhibition pattern of both pathogens in camel's milk samples during 48 h of incubation at both storage temperatures. The colostrum exerted a definite bactericidal activity against E. coli O78:K80 at ambient temperature, and the viable counts decreased to below the detectable level in a 1-mL sample at 48 h, while at the refrigeration temperature, the counts were reduced by 1 and 3 log units compared to the initial inoculum and to the positive control, respectively. The camel's milk and colostrum samples had a bacteriostatic effect against L. monocytogenes during the first 8 h of incubation; thereafter, a tendency to increase was noted in the colostrum at 20°C. Similar experiments were carried out on E. coli O78:K80 in heat-treated camel's or cow's milk and showed that the inhibitory effect of camel's milk was reduced by heat treatment.     

Characterisation of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented milk "laban"

The technological properties of 96 lactic acid bacteria isolated from Lebanese traditional fermented milk "laban" were characterised. They were classified by phenotypic and biochemical analyses as Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, thus indicating that laban is a fermented milk similar to yogurt. Most strains of L. bulgaricus (87.5%) exhibited a high acidification activity, whereas strains of streptococci showed low acidification ability. 33.3% of streptococci strains and 25% of lactobacilli strains displayed similar acidification performances as European strains. Results obtained for syneresis, texture and rheological parameters led us to consider that isolated strains were not low polymer-producing strains. Some of them displayed interesting characteristics such as low syneresis and high values for rheological parameters. The major flavour compounds found in pure cultures were acetaldehyde, acetone, 2-butanone, dimethyl disulfide, acetoin, 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-pentanedione, and acetic, hexanoic and butanoic acids. Acetaldehyde (7.4%) and organic acids (48.3%) were mainly produced by L. bulgaricus strains, whereas streptococci cultures contained high relative levels of 2,3-butanedione and acetoin, which represented around 82% of the total flavour compounds. Finally, strains isolated from laban samples exhibited different technological properties than those used in yogurt production, thus conferring specific characteristics to this product.     

Antimicrobial effect of lactic acid producing bacteria culture condensate mixture (LCCM) against Salmonella enteritidis

The antimicrobial effects of a lactic acid producing bacteria culture condensate mixture (LCCM) were assessed against Salmonella enteritidis. In the presence of LCCM, bacterial growth was assessed in vitro by the measurement of optical density (OD) and viable bacterial counting. At concentrations of 1.25 and 2.5% LCCM, OD values were significantly lower than that of the control broth, and at concentrations of 5 and 10% LCCM, OD values did not increase for the entire period of experiment. At 8 h after incubation, the viable bacterial numbers in 5% and 10% LCCM-containing broths were remarkably lower than that in the control broth. This antimicrobial ability of the LCCM was fundamentally attributed to causing cell death rather than inhibiting growth. Even when the pH of LCCM-containing broth was adjusted to 7.2, the number of viable bacteria was significantly lower in the broths containing LCCM over 2.5% than that in control broth at 8 h after incubation. However, the OD value of each culture in the presence of each concentration of the LCCM increased over 1.0 at the completion of the experiment. The in vivo antimicrobial effects of the LCCM against S. enteritidis were also assessed. In S. enteritidis-infected mice, the LCCM decreased both the viable bacteria found in the feces and the mortality rate of the mice. These findings showed that the LCCM might have an antimicrobial ability against S. enteritidis.     

发酵羊乳中乳酸菌低产粘菌株的筛选

对从商业乳酸菌发酵剂分离纯化的11株保加利亚乳杆菌和11株嗜热链球菌在发酵羊乳中的粘度进行了研究。结果表明,保加利亚乳杆菌L.b-124菌株和L.b-346菌株、嗜热链球菌S.t-222菌株和S.t-346菌株具有较低的产粘能力,凝乳时间也较短;将L.b-346菌株与S.t-346菌株按杆菌和球菌1:1比例混合后在43℃下发酵羊乳时,可获得较低的发酵粘度。     

传统发酵食品中分离的乳酸菌粗提物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌机制研究

目的 探究乳酸菌HS011(LactobacillusplantarumMG5276)、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种HS023(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus strain NDO4)、嗜热链球菌HS033 (Streptococcus thermophilus 3233)对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)的抑菌机制。方法 以MRSA为研究对象,探索乳酸菌粗提物对MRSA菌株的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)的影响、抗菌药物复合作用对细菌生长的影响、抽提物对MRSA生物被膜抑制和清除效果,以及抽提物对MRSA细胞膜完整性的破坏作用等。结果 乳酸菌粗提物HS011、HS023、HS033对MRSA的MIC分别为5.75、5.00、6.00mg/mL;指示菌MRSA的生长过程受到粗提物明显抑制,在6h时HS011、HS023、HS033对MRSA的抑菌率分别为28.69%、69.20%和42...     

Biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented milk products in Xinjiang,China

Fermented dairy products have been produced and consumed for thousands of years in Xinjiang, China. In this study, traditional culture-dependent methods and 16S rRNA gene analyses were performed to analyze the composition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from 86 samples of traditional fermented dairy products collected from four regions of Xinjiang. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species. The LAB isolates (N = 705) were identified as belonging to seven genera and 26 species or subspecies. The predominant species of all isolates were Lactobacillus (Lb.) delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lb. fermentum, and Lb. helveticus. The LAB counts of these samples ranged from 5.35 to 10.06 Log CFU/mL. The bacterial counts of seven lactobacilli species and Bifidobacterium ranged from 0.98 ± 0.14 Log CFU/mL (for Lb. sakei from fermented mare milk) to 9.91 ± 0.17 Log CFU/mL (for Lb. helveticus from fermented mare milk). While the microbiota was significantly different between yak and cow milk, there was no significant difference between the Tex and Zhaosu counties. In conclusion, LAB communities in traditional fermented dairy products are complex and differ among local regions within Xinjiang.     

Production of exopolysaccharides by lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional fermented foods in Nigeria

Lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional fermented foods in Nigeria were investigated for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS). The test organisms were chosen after screening in a modified exopolysaccharide selection medium (mESM). The ability of the test organisms to produce EPS in whey medium (WM) and supplemented whey media (SWM I, SWM II) with combinations of lactose, KH₂PO₄, NH₄Cl, casamino acids, mineral salts and yeast extract was determined. Amongst the test isolates, only Leuconostoc mesenteroides (from sorghum ogi) and Lactobacillus plantarum (from maize ogi) demonstrated the highest form of EPS production. Adjustment of the pH of SWM II to 6.2 increased the viscosity relative to that of SWM I (5.7) that was not adjusted. The effect of incubation temperature showed that at 25 °C, the viscosity was higher for L. mesenteroides and L. plantarum than at 30 and 40 °C. However, the biomass yield was lower, the least lactose was utilized and less lactic acid was produced at this temperature. More galactose and glucose were liberated at 30 °C that at 25 and 40 °C. This paper suggested that the viscous nature of some traditional foods in sub-Saharan Africa may be partly due to excretion of polysaccharides during the fermentation processes.     

Safety assessment and antimicrobial properties of the lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from polish raw fermented meat products

Twenty-one strains of the genus Lactobacillus and the genus Pediococcus, isolated from Polish raw fermented meat products, were examined for the potential probiotic properties: resistance to simulated gastric and intestine conditions, safety assessment, and antimicrobial properties. Strains were resistant to gastric enzymes and low pH (3–6 log CFU/mL decrease) and intestinal enzymes and bile salts (1–3 log CFU/mL decrease). Most strains were resistant to gentamycin, streptomycin, vancomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and kanamycin. Three of them (Lb. brevis BAL1, BAL10, and KL5) produced β-glucuronidase, which excludes them from qualifying as safe. Seven strains had the ability to produce bacteriocins or bacteriocin-like substances. Overall, strains Lb. brevis SCH6, Pd. pentosaceus BAL6, and KL14 revealed selected superior characteristics (resistance to the gastrointestinal conditions, safety assessment, and antimicrobial properties) as compared to the other LAB strains investigated, which made them a viable bioprotective culture that can be inoculated in raw fermented meat products as starter cultures.     

发酵乳中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及优良菌株的筛选

从市售发酵乳中分离鉴定出保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌,对其进行凝乳情况的考察和产酸能力、后酸化能力、产香能力、产黏能力、分解蛋白质能力及保健功能的测试,各筛出一株优良菌株,拟定在后续试验中按一定比例作进一步的应用研究,以期制备高效复合菌株发酵剂。本试验可为实际生产中发酵乳优良菌株的筛选提供理论依据。     

Antioxidant properties of different milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and yeast

The antioxidant properties of nine different samples of freshly drawn, pasteurised and UHT milk were examined before and after fermentation with several lactobacilli, individually and in combination with the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. The results showed no statistical differences for the content in proteins, fats and carbohydrates of the different milk. The antioxidant properties of the unfermented milk were positively affected by the thermal treatment. All samples of fermented milk had a greater antioxidant activity than unfermented but only for the freshly drawn milk that increase was significantly different. The co‐incubation of lactobacilli with the yeast determined a stronger antioxidant activity especially for the freshly drawn milk. The stability of the tested strains during storage in standard conditions was determined in UHT fermented milk to enable a possible use in probiotic food production. The results showed that the yeast incubated with lactobacilli determined an improvement of the viability of bacteria.     

甘肃甘孜地区牧民家庭制作发酵乳中乳酸菌的分离及筛选

从甘肃甘孜地区传统发酵乳中采用稀释涂布、划线分离的方法分离得到55株乳酸菌,通过一级筛选:传代试验、凝乳时间、酸奶酸度、质构、保水率及凝乳时风味的感官评价,筛选出8株风味独特、凝乳时间短、遗传性状稳定的乳酸菌。通过二级筛选:后酸化能力、产乙醛能力、产双乙酰能力、冷藏过程中活菌数、耐酸、耐胆盐能力和抑菌能力,最后筛选出优良乳酸菌杆菌两株、球菌两株可作为发酵剂用于酸乳的生产。     

Identification of lactic acid bacteria in traditional fermented yak milk and evaluation of their application in fermented milk products

In this study, 53 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Xueo, a traditional fermented yak milk in the western Sichuan Plateau of China, were identified and their use in fermented milk was evaluated. All gram-positive and catalase-negative strains were divided into 6 groups at the level of 87% similarity using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. These groups were identified as 6 species using 16S rDNA sequence analysis and atpA gene analysis. The dominant LAB strains in Xueo were Enterococcus durans, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus paracasei, accounting for 45.3, 22.6, and 17.0% of isolates, respectively. Milk fermented with most of the representative strains was high in quality, exhibiting relatively high viscosity, moderate acidity, good sensory quality, and high counts of viable LAB. Fermented milk of E. durans SCA16 and L. fermentum SCA52 achieved the highest scores for overall sensory quality. Most strains displayed antimicrobial activity against at least 1 of 9 spoilage microorganisms. Lactic acid was the main factor inhibiting the growth of spoilage bacteria, and H(2)O(2) was also inhibitory to some extent. Excluding the influence of acid and H(2)O(2), strains SCA52 (L. fermentum) and SCA7 (Lactobacillus plantarum) were antagonistic against some of the indicators, suggesting that the 2 strains may produce a bacteriocin-like substance. Therefore, the development of superior strains isolated from Xueo to ferment milk with similar flavor and texture to Xueo is expected.     

从风干肠中分离出的三株乳酸菌发酵性能的研究

对从自然发酵风干肠中分离出的三株乳酸菌的发酵性能进行研究,主要包括菌种的耐盐性试验、耐亚硝酸盐试验、生长温度的测定、产酸速率的测定、蛋白质及脂肪降解活性试验、拮抗性试验。结果表明:分离乳酸菌1号菌的耐热性强,可能在烘烤后继续发挥产酸效力,因此不适合作为发酵剂使用;2号菌、3号菌则可在6%的食盐浓度下和0.15g/kg的亚硝酸钠下生长,在65℃以上完全不生长,产酸速度快,不分解蛋白质和脂肪,相互之间无拮抗作用,完全符合肉制品发酵剂的要求。     

分离自传统发酵乳制品中具有优良发酵特性的保加利亚乳杆菌的筛选

以分离自传统发酵乳制品中的11株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(Lactobacillus delbeueckii subsp.bulgaricus)为研究对象,通过全脂乳单菌发酵,对其发酵乳的发酵时间、pH值、滴定酸度、乙醛和双乙酰含量等指标进行分析,最终筛选出1株具有优良发酵特性的菌株IMAU20775。该菌株发酵时间较短,后酸化能力弱,产乙醛能力较好,产双乙酰能力较稳定,适于进一步作为发酵剂菌种的筛选和应用研究。     

传统发酵食品中耐胃肠道环境乳酸菌的筛选及其在酸乳发酵中的应用

在前期从民族传统发酵食品中分离得到的乳酸菌中,通过检测在人工胃肠道溶液中存活率筛选胃肠道环境耐受性强的菌株,再通过感官评价、质构测定等对耐受性强的菌株应用于酸乳发酵潜力进行综合性评价。结果显示,58株从民族地区传统食品中分离的乳酸菌中有7株菌于4种人工胃肠道溶液中存活率均在50%以上,其中5株菌的发酵酸乳感官评价得分较高;而菌株"新E6"发酵的酸乳在质构破裂力、最大黏附力、硬度、内聚力、弹性、胶黏性、咀嚼性以及黏度、持水力等指标都较优,分子生物学鉴定结果"新E6"为坚强肠球菌(Enterococcus durans),为后续益生菌的开发奠定基础。     

甘肃肃南牧区传统发酵乳中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

以5份甘肃肃南牧区传统发酵乳制品为原料进行乳酸菌的分离和鉴定,共分离出25株乳酸菌。对其中23株产乳酸的菌株利用形态、生理生化分析和碳水化合物发酵产酸实验进行鉴定。经鉴定得出23株分属为4个属,11个种。其中乳杆菌属[Lactobacillus(L.)]11株,乳球菌属(Lactococcus)6株,明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)3株,肠球菌属(Enterococcus)3株。具体来说,L.plantarum6株、L.fermentum2株、L.brevis1株、L.minor2株、L.lactis subsp.lactis3株、L.lactis subsp.cermoris3株、L.mesenteroides1株、L.lactis2株、E.faecium1株、E.faecalis1株、E.durans1株。L.plantarum占分离菌株的26.1%,是优势菌株。      

Functional properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from ethnic fermented vegetables of the Himalayas

A total of 94 strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), previously isolated from ethnic fermented vegetables and tender bamboo shoots of the Himalayas, were screened for functional properties such as acidification capacity, enzymatic activities, degradation of antinutritive factors and oligosaccharides, production of biogenic amines, hydrophobicity and adherence to mucus secreting HT29 MTX cells. Strong acidification and coagulation activities of LAB strains were recorded. Most of the LAB strains showed antimicrobial activities against the used indicator strains; however, only Lb. plantarum IB2 (BFE 948) isolated from inziangsang, a fermented leafy vegetable product, produced a bacteriocin against Staphylococcus aureus S1. LAB strains showed enzymatic activities and also degraded oligosaccharides. Almost all the strains of LAB were non-producers of biogenic amines except few strains. Some strains of Lb. plantarum showed more than 70% hydrophobicity. Adherence to the mucus secreting HT29 MTX cells was also shown by seven strains indicating their probiotic nature.     

传统发酵牦牛酸乳中高产胞外多糖乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

目的:以四川红原、西藏羊八井地区传统牦牛酸乳中分离出的57株乳酸菌作为实验菌种,筛选出高产胞外多糖乳酸菌。方法:通过菌落拉丝法、硫酸-苯酚法的测定。结果:实验菌株胞外多糖产量在19.95⁹1.08μg/m L之间,其中菌株代号为32-2、67-1、41-1和27的胞外多糖产量较高,分别为91.08、89.76、87.22、87.40μg/m L。通过16S r DNA序列同源性鉴定表明代号32-2菌株鉴定为屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）、代号67-1菌株为肠膜明串株菌肠膜亚种（Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp.mesenteroides）、代号41-1菌株为干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）、代号27菌株为肠膜明串珠菌（Leuconostoc mesenteroides）。结论:为研究具有提高酸乳品质能力的发酵菌株提供依据。