灰色关联分析法在大坝安全监测数据处理中的应用

结合工程实例阐明了利用灰色关联分析确定影响大坝运行期安全主要因子的方法，并对不同样本进行关联度计算，证明灰色关联分析中，真正唯一反映因子之间关联度大小的是关联度的排列顺序，即关联序，该方法可在大坝观测数据处理中应用。     

南水北调中线工程沿线水库生态系统服务价值演变解析

基于MA理论并结合水库生态系统优化了指标体系，通过功能价值法估算了南水北调中线17个水库/湖泊2008—2019年库区生态系统服务价值，运用灰色关联分析计算了各指标对总价值的关联度，分析了南水北调中线工程对沿线生态系统的影响，为南水北调中线工程水资源管理及水生态保护提供了依据。     

龙滩水电工程环境影响综合评价方法研究

针对龙滩工程对各环境因子复杂的影响需进行综合分析评价，以便了解工程兴建前后的环境总体情况，以及工程的可行性，并为选择工程方案提供科学依据。采用多级模糊综合评价法及灰色关联分析综合评价法对龙滩水电工程环境影响进行了分析后，认为工程兴建是可行的。     

地下围岩稳定分级的灰色关联优化模型

根据灰色关联分析原理,从多维空间概念出发,将距离平方和最小扩展为广义加权距离最小,通过求条件极值建立了地下工程围岩稳定分级的灰色关联优化模型,并应用于工程实例中。计算结果表明,地下围岩稳定分级的灰色关联优化模型正确可靠,具有一定的实际使用价值。     

基于灰色关联分析的中标率影响因素分析

通过对参与浙江省水利建设工程投标人的问卷调查得样本数据分析,引入灰色关联分析的方法,建立评价模型,揭示影响投标人中标率的各因素的关联影响程度。针对各影响因素的作用程度,对降低招标投标的社会成本提出了建议。     

水利水电工程混凝土施工管理

在水利水电工程施工期间混凝土施工是非常重要的环节之一,且对水利水电工程也有非常密切的关联。本文对水利水电工程中混凝土施工管理的意义和必要性进行分析和探讨,分析混凝土施工管理过程中技术要点并提出强化措施。一、     

基于灰色关联分析的岩爆预测方法研究

锦屏辅助洞是锦屏一级、二级水电站前期工程的关键施工项目,因其地下埋深较大,地应力较高,具备岩爆发生的必要条件,为避免和减少岩爆造成的损失,采用灰色系统的灰色关联分析理论,开展了锦屏二级水电站辅助洞的岩爆预测预报研究。选取影响岩爆的一些主要因素：最大主应力、单轴抗压强度、点荷载强度、完整性系数和弹性能指数进行岩爆预测分析,所得结果与实际工程情况基本一致,说明了基于灰色关联分析岩爆预测方法的合理性。     

关于水利工程中预算施工内业一体化的探讨

预算、施工、内业是水利工程项目建设中3个重要环节,三者之间相互关联、相互影响、相互制约。从水利工程预算、施工、内业3个环节之间的相互关联入手进行分析探讨,总结出如何在工程项目建设中做到三者的统一协调,进而优化管理提高工程效益。     

怒江水电移民与区域发展关联分析

虽然由于其所处区域的特殊性,怒江水电移民人数少,但影响层面却相对复杂多样。通过对怒江水电移民与区域发展的相关层面分析,发现怒江水电移民与生态、人口、土地、文化等方面存在不同属性的关联,其中人口有直接的关联,而土地既与水电移民产生直接关联,同时也是其他关联发生的重要媒介。在这些关联因素中,水电移民与生态的关联最为复杂,也最为重要,而水电移民与文化的关联则更强地体现出二者的互动关系,水电移民与文化的相互关联性使水电移民工程体现出更强的社会性。     

模糊灰色理论在围岩类别评定中的应用

根据灰色系统理论有关灰关联分析之观点及其新的理论模型，结合模糊集理论有关方法思路，引用一种模糊灰关联模式识别方法，将其应用于硐室开挖围岩类别的评定，有效服务于隧洞工程施工技术方案的决策及管理，在水布垭电站工程中得到实际应用。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.