单螺杆挤出机中聚合物熔体停留时间分布预测

基于有限差分数值模拟技术 ,提出了预测聚合物熔体在单螺杆挤出机内停留时间分布半解析模拟方法 ,得到了不同操作参数下的停留时间及其函数的分布曲线。结果表明 ,无因次挤出流量越小 ,聚合物熔体在单螺杆挤出机内的停留时间就越长 ,而且分布越宽。所提出的方法能够反映耦合流场及压力反流对停留时间分布的影响 ,能更真实地反映聚合物熔体在单螺杆挤出机内的停留时间分布     

间断副螺棱强化单螺杆挤出过程混合性能模拟

建立了带有间断副螺棱的新型单螺杆计量段螺槽展开物理模型及数学模型。借助流体动力学软件Ployflow,采用网格叠加技术,对熔体在新型单螺杆及普通单螺杆挤出机计量段展开螺槽内的流动情况分别进行了数值模拟。运用粒子示踪技术及统计学方法以停留时间分布、分离尺度及累计混合指数为指标来表征螺杆的混合性能。结果表明,相比于普通单螺杆,新型单螺杆不仅可以减小熔体物料分离尺度,提高混合指数,还可以加宽停留时间分布概率密度曲线,获得更好的混合分散效果。     

强化单螺杆挤出机内层流混合的方法

综述了单螺杆挤出机内聚合物熔体层流混合机理的研究进展，对提高混合的措施进行了分析总结，指出了进一步强化混合效果的方法。     

基于拉格朗日的单螺杆销钉挤出机混沌混合分析

从拉格朗日理论的新视角,分析了高分子聚合物熔体在单螺杆销钉挤出机内的流型结构以及流动行为,揭示了销钉强化聚合物熔体输运和混沌混合的机理。使用有限元软件Polyflow计算了流场的速度分布和混合指数;借助Matlab数学软件进行自主编程对速度场进行积分得到了三种不同销钉挤出机模型的有限时间李雅普诺夫指数。结果显示,在加入销钉之后,单螺杆销钉挤出机流域中出现了圆柱绕流现象,绕流产生的尾迹将撞击螺棱,销钉和螺棱的这种相互作用将加剧聚合物熔体的拉伸作用。每个销钉都将产生尾迹,随着销钉数量的增加,导致流域中产生了更多的尾迹。尾迹与销钉相互作用得到了增强,导致流域中产生了更多的涡结构,说明流域中的大部分熔体处于混沌混合的状态。混沌混合使销钉挤出机内的流体拉伸作用得到了增强,流体的混合指数得到增加,混合效率也逐渐增大。     

间断副螺棱结构对挤出机内混沌混合影响的数值模拟

建立了混沌单螺杆挤出机计量段展开螺槽的物理模型及数学模型,根据流体符合Carreau定律,借助Ployflow软件,采用网格叠加技术,对聚合物熔体在插有间断结构副螺棱螺槽内的流动进行了数值模拟分析,从统计学的角度结合粒子示踪技术以停留时间分布、分离尺度、混合效率及累计混合指数为指标来表征螺杆的混合性能。结果表明,当副螺棱间断次数多且高度略低于螺槽高时混沌单螺杆混合性能更好。     

利用往复扰动螺棱强化单螺杆挤出机内混合模拟表征

提出了采用副螺棱轴向往复运动提高单螺杆挤出机混合的结构并建立了相应的数学模型。对挤出机内牛顿流体三维周期性流动和混合过程进行了数值模拟。采用有限体积方法,变量分布采用交错网格,副螺棱的周期性运动边界通过叠加网格方式实现。采用4阶Runge-Kutta方法实现流体追踪计算,得到了示踪剂界面增长及累积停留时间分布。采用Poincaré 截面揭示混沌混合存在的区域,证实了副螺棱往复运动能够产生混沌混合效应提高螺槽内的混合效果,与其位置固定时相比,缩短了平均停留时间,停留时间分布变窄。作为对比,同时分析了常规的副螺棱位置固定的单螺杆挤出机内的相应混合行为。     

往复式单螺杆销钉挤出机新型混合元件的开发及其混合性能研究

结合Φ45往复式单螺杆销钉挤出机(Buss Kneader)新型四头螺纹混合元件NKE的开发研究,利用有限元方法对物料在NKE元件内的流动情况进行了三维动态模拟.并与常规三头螺纹混合元件(KE)从动态混合过程、停留时间分布、分布混合及分散混合性能4个方面进行了对比;分析了加工条件对NKE元件停留时间分布、分布混合及分散混合性能的影响.     

新型带孔销钉混合段及其分布混合性能

介绍了一种国外开发的用于改善单螺杆挤出机混合性能的新型带孔（或带槽）销钉混合段,与常规销钉混合段相比,其混合能力强,熔体温度 低,当销钉间的轴向距离在11－14mm之间时,有效地加强了熔体的周向汉动,极大地改善了单螺杆挤出机的分布混合性能。     

锥形和普通柱形单螺杆螺槽内熔体流动及混合对比分析

利用Polyflow软件对锥形单螺杆挤出机和普通单螺杆挤出机计量均化段进行流动与混合模拟.通过图形后处理和统计学处理得出速度场分布、剪切速率分布以及停留时间分布,对比说明了锥形螺杆比普通螺杆更有利于蓬松物料和热敏性物料的加工.     

主要工艺参数对三螺杆挤出机流动混合性能的影响

采用Polyflow软件模拟了聚合物熔体PP在三螺杆挤出机计量段内的流动混合过程。借助统计学方法,将累积最大剪切应力分布、累积停留时间分布和混合指数作为评价指标,分析了主要工艺参数(喂料量和转速)对三螺杆挤出机流动混合性能的影响。同时进行PP/EPDM体系共混物制备实验,通过探究工艺参数对分散相粒径及其分布和力学性能的影响以验证数值计算结果。研究结果表明:喂料量和转速增大时,三螺杆挤出机的流动混合性能提高,但当喂料量和转速太大时却不利于三螺杆挤出机的流动混合。     

Theoretical analysis of residence time distribution functions and strain distribution functions in plasticating screw extruders

The residence time distribution (RTD) function in a single screw plasticating extruder was theoretically calculated. The calculation is based on the solids conveying, melting, and melt conveying models in extruders. The screw channel is divided into small axial increments and the path of each exiting fluid particle is followed from hopper to die. In addition to the residence times the total shear deformation or strain imposed on the fluid particles was also calculated. This together with the RTD function has led to the definition and calculation of the strain distribution function (SDF). This function is proposed for quantitative characterization of the mixing performance of screw extruders as well as other laminar mixers. Some simple idealized batch and continuous laminar mixers are analyzed in terms of the SDF. Finally, the effect of extruder operating conditions and screw design on the RTD and SDF were investigated by computer simulations.     

The effects of kneading block design and operating conditions on distributive mixing in twin screw extruders

A mixing limited interfacial reaction between polymer tracers was used to directly measure the distributive mixing performance of a co‐rotating twin screw extruder during melt‐melt blending of polypropylene. The reaction between the polymer tracers, which are low molecular weight succinic anhydride and primary amine terminally functionalized polymer chains, was followed using Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Experiments were completed to determine the effects of flow rate, screw speed, and kneading block design on the distributive mixing performance and the residence time distribution (RTD). The only RTD variable that was significantly affected by the experimental factors was the average residence time. Distributive mixing with neutral and reverse kneading blocks was controlled by the average residence time, the fully filled volume, and the shear rate. Conversely, the mixing performance of a forward kneading block did not follow the same trends.     

Modeling of a cokneader for the manufacturing of composite materials having absorbent properties at ultra‐high‐frequency waves. Part 1: Modeling of flow from residence time distribution investigations

The purpose of this study is to gain better understanding of flow patterns and mixing conditions in a particular single‐screw extruder: the Buss Cokneader. To this end, the residence time distribution (RTD) of the polymer was investigated experimentally for different combinations of the operating variables (i.e. feed rate, screw rotation speed). The measurement of RTD used a standard stimulus‐response technique. Two kinds of tracer were used: free anthracene and anthracene grafted on the polymer. It was shown that only the second could characterize the actual flow of the polymer in the extruder. It does not perturb the flow and has the same rheological behavior as the studied fluid. Thanks to the RTD data, a model of the extruder based on the combination of ideal reactors, such as continuous stirred tank reactors or plug flow reactors, was finally set up. The establishment of relationships between model parameters and extrusion conditions allowed the prediction of RTD with good agreement.     

Numerical Simulation of Extrusion Characteristics for Co-rotating Tri-Screw Extruder

The flow of polyethylene melt in new tri-screw extruder was simulated using the finite element method (FEM). A special study of flow in central region was performed by analysis of the velocity, pressure, and resident time distribution (RTD). The extrusion characteristics of tri-screw extruder, namely the abilities of material conveying, mixing, and power consumption, were compared with those of twin screw extruder. The results showed that there was circumfluence in central region but no stagnation in it. Tri-screw extruder had better operative abilities and high productivity ratio than twin screw extruder in the aspect of material conveying and mixing.     

Application of ultrasound in the determination of fundamental extrusion performance: Residence time distribution measurement

By means of new probe design and rapid data acquisition, we have succeeded in in‐line ultrasonic monitoring of residence time distribution (RTD) at the melting, mixing, and pumping zones as well as at the die exit of a Werner & Pfleiderer 30‐mm twin‐screw extruder by mounting the ultrasonic probes on the extruder barrel over the screw elements and at the die. The experimental systems were LDPE, CaCO₃‐filled LDPE, and a Kraton/LDPE blend. The ultrasonic data at each of the extruder functional zones are presented. The ultrasonic results have been used to evaluate an opical RTD measurement method by using an optical sensor side by side with one ultrasonic probe at the mixing zone of the extruder. The comparison of the ultrasonic and optical results has shown that the presented ultrasonic technique could be a good complement to the optical technique in the monitoring and understanding of RTD during polymer extrusion processes.     

聚合物单螺杆挤出机混炼过程表征的研究

根据单螺杆挤出机在聚合物挤出加工过程的混炼特性 ,提出一种新的形变混炼评定指标 ,并且结合常规单螺杆挤出机进行了计算分析 ,同时还与其它一些方法进行了比较     

Residence time distribution of a pharmaceutical grade polymer melt in a single screw extrusion process

The residence time distribution (RTD) of a flowing polymer through a single screw extruder was studied. This extruder allows injecting supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) used as physical foaming agent. The tested material is Eudragit E100, a pharmaceutical polymer. RTD was measured at various operating conditions and a model describing RTD has been developed. High screw speed or high temperature implies short residence time, but these parameters do not have the same effect on polymer flow. In the flow rate range studied, scCO₂ has no significant influence. A mathematical model consisting of a plug flow reactor in series with a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) cross-flowing with a dead volume fitted well the experimental data.     

Functionalization of PVC by grafting of plasticizing group in a twin screw extruder

Substitution reactions are an appropriate way to attach chemical functions to polymer chains for improving properties and to diversify the application of polymer materials. The stereoselective substitution of chlorine atoms affords a useful way to plasticize polyvinychloride (PVC) by attaching appropriate plasticizing functions (ester group) such as isooctylthiosalicylate. Thus, the substitution of chlorine atoms of PVC by reactant bearing plasticizing groups was carried out in a continuous mixing apparatus such as a twin screw extruder. This continuous chemical engineering process taking place in the extruder is studied as the function of the residence time distribution (RTD) measured by a UV method. This function combined with the kinetics of the chemical reaction allows to define a new function G as the distribution of the extent of conversion by analogy with the RTD function.