浅论铝用阳极碳块输送方式选择

介绍和评述产能超过5万吨以上铝用阳极碳素制品生产中碳块运输的多种组合方式及特点，提出碳块的横向输送将会是今后发展方向，在实际生产中碳块的横向输送和排列编组还存在不稳定现象，分析这种现象产生的主要原因，提出解决的方向，增加阳级碳块横向运输系统的稳定性。     

PLC-5在200kA预焙阳极立装编组机中的应用

以云南铝业股份有限公司炭素厂焙烧车间200 kA预焙阳极立装编组机为例,介绍了美国A-B PLC可编程序控制器和上位机监控软件RSV iew32的应用,通过DH+网络,轻松实现200 kA预焙阳极立装编组机的操作和监控。     

永磁磁浮列车虚拟编组运行速度鲁棒控制方法

永磁磁浮是一种磁浮轨道交通新制式,可有效缓解城市交通拥堵。列车虚拟编组是提高轨道交通运营效率的重要前沿技术之一,研究永磁磁浮列车虚拟编组的速度鲁棒控制,对提高城市轨道交通运营安全和效率有重要意义。针对永磁磁浮列车虚拟编组模式下状态切换和自适应巡航过程中速度易受干扰、控制不稳定问题,对动态编组、自适应巡航、动态解编三个阶段进行分析,并采用分段控制策略,对列车虚拟编组三阶段进行状态切换;分析虚拟编组永磁磁浮列车组之间的数学关系,建立数学模型,采用模型预测控制算法对自适应巡航阶段速度进行协同控制,并在Matlab仿真环境下进行模拟。通过仿真验证了本文所提建模和控制方法的有效性,且模型预测控制方法鲁棒性能优于传统的PID控制算法,采用模型预测控制算法超调量减少了4.9%;同时,采用分段控制方法实现了虚拟编组三阶段状态平稳切换。实验结果表明相比传统的列车速度控制方法,本文方法在提升磁浮列车速度跟踪控制精确度和鲁棒性方面具有显著优势,证明了本文提出建模和控制方法的有效性和可行性。     

提高预焙阳极质量的工业试验

白银铝厂提高预焙阳极质量的工业试验，经历了生产技术条件调整和工艺优化两个阶段，目前已取得突破性进展。预焙阳极各项主要理化指标都超过了设计值及合同要求阳极单耗降低１４９公斤／吨铝，使用周期经原来延长了４－５天，电解槽工业电压降低１１０毫伏，主要技术经济指标达全国同类槽先进水平，收到了显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

钛阳极在电解二氧化锰中的应用与进展

在电解二氧化锰生产过程中,电极的材料及其特性具有十分重要意义。它对提高电解二氧化锰的质量,改善劳动强度,提高生产效率,降低生产成本起着重要作用。我国电解二氧化锰所用阳极材料迄今已经历了五个阶段。     

中国铝电解工业与技术的进展

自１９５４年月１０月抚顺铝厂开始用６０ＫＡ侧插自焙槽生产电解铝、中经自行设计１３５ＫＡ预焙槽、贵铝引进的１６０ＫＡ预焙槽，到郑州轻研院建造的大型预焙槽，中国的铝电解工业已经由小型发展到大型化阶段，中国铝生产能力已跃居世界第五位。     

阳极铜智能精炼探讨

近年来国内铜冶炼行业发展迅速,透气砖底吹、纯氧助燃、弱氧化还原等新技术在行业内得到快速推广和应用 ;铜阳极精炼炉的主要能耗指标显著改善,生产成本大幅下降。但在氧化、还原精炼的过程控制与终点判断方面,仍旧停留在依靠人工经验判断的阶段。通过建立可靠的在线数据采集与智能分析系统来实时指导精炼过程精准控制,提高工艺流程的精细化、智能化水平,必定是未来行业发展的方向。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定阳极铜各成分

研究了X射线荧光光谱法测定阳极铜时样品表面处理的方法,程序设计过程中基体、谱线干扰,分析低含量元素时谱线背景的扣除等问题;对基体铜的测定采用了标准归一法;测定了阳极铜标样中20种元素,测定结果与推荐值一致,RSD为0.1%～6.0%;实测了阳极铜熔炼过程中不同阶段的5个样品,结果满意。     

阳极系统试生产中设备问题及解决

分析三期阳极系统试生产阶段发现的设备问题，提出解决办法。     

铝电解阳极开槽技术研究

本文通过深入分析铝电解工艺中阳极压降、阳极效应及阳极在电解质中排渣过程,从阳极外形、理化指标入手,优化阳极炭块结构。开槽阳极的使用,使阳极压降降低了60mV以上,吨铝节能180kwh/t.Al左右;开槽阳极使电解过程中阳极效应从0.20个/槽·日降低到0.05个/槽·日。降低了阳极压降、减少了阳极效应,原铝直流电耗进一步降低,产生更多经济效益和社会效益。     

竞争情报——企业核心竞争力的重要支撑因素

竞争情报是企业核心竞争力的重要组成因素，在企业制定经营战略，市场营销，组织管理等方面起着非常重要的作用。     

Volatile Organic Compounds in Storm Water from a Parking Lot

A mass balance approach was used to determine the most important nonpoint source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in storm water from an asphalt parking lot without obvious point sources (e.g., gasoline stations). The parking lot surface and atmosphere are important nonpoint sources of VOCs, with each being important for different VOCs. The atmosphere is an important source of soluble, oxygenated VOCs (e.g., acetone), and the parking lot surface is an important source for the more hydrophobic VOCs (e.g., benzene). VOCs on the parking lot surface appear to be concentrated in oil and grease and organic material in urban particles (e.g., vehicle soot). Except in the case of spills, asphalt does not appear to be an important source of VOCs. The uptake isotherm of gaseous methyl tert-butyl ether on urban particles indicates a mechanism for dry deposition of VOCs from the atmosphere. This study demonstrated that a mass balance approach is a useful means of understanding non-point-source pollution, even for compounds such as VOCs, which are difficult to sample.     

腐殖酸在金矿形成过程中的作用

在实验室中直接从岩矿石样品中提取和分离了腐殖酸。一种是黑色胶状胡敏酸,它在pH小于3时沉淀。另一种是褐色可溶性富啡酸,它在酸碱范围内稳定。实验结果表明,富啡酸在pH为3～8.4之间对金有强烈溶解螯合作用。胡敏酸对金的吸附率达98％以上。腐殖酸是金的聚集体。它对金的富集不仅是胡敏酸吸附作用,更重要的是金与富啡酸同迁移共沉淀所致。因而,腐殖酸在金成矿过程中具有重要作用,是重要的有机地球化学因素。腐殖酸对金的富集作用是金地球化学行为非常重要的特性。     

The Energy Budget of a Southwest Vortex With Heavy Rainfall over South China

T Energy budgets were analyzed to study the development of an eastward propagating southwest vortex (SWV) associated with heavy rainfall over southern China (11-13 June 2008). The results show that kinetic energy (KE) generation and advection were the most important KE sources, while friction and sub-grid processes were the main KE sinks. There was downward conversion from divergent to rotational wind KE consistent with the downward stretching of SWVs. The Coriolis force was important for the formation and maintenance of the SWV. Convergence was also an important factor for maintenance, as was vertical motion during the mature stage of the SWV and the formation stage of a newly formed vortex (vortex B). The conversion from available potential energy (APE) to KE of divergent wind can lead to strong convection. Vertical motion influenced APE by dynamical and thermal processes which had opposite effects. The variation of APE was related to the heavy rainfall and convection; in this case, vertical motion with direct thermal circulation was the most important way in which APE was released, while latent heat release and vertical temperature advection were important for APE generation.     

What do applicants look for when selecting internal medicine residency programs? A comparison of rating scale and open-ended responses

OBJECTIVE: To develop reliable scale measures of factors most important to applicants when they select internal medicine residencies and to assess their validity by comparing scores from these measures with responses to open-ended questions. DESIGN: All 353 applicants ranked by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) for the 1988 National Residency Match Program received a questionnaire after submitting their match lists. First, they listed the three most important factors considered in ranking residency programs and starred the single most important factor out of the three. Then, they rated 41 items on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important). SETTING: Categorical internal medicine residency program at an academic medical center. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 315 (88%) applicants responded to the survey. Three reliable scales, Interpersonal Issues (7 items, alpha = 0.78), Reputation (5 items, alpha = 0.77), and Work Issues (11 items, alpha = 0.89), were developed using exploratory factor analysis of applicants' responses to the 41 items. Applicants felt interpersonal issues were very important (mean score = 4.2 +/- 0.5), academic reputation was important (3.3 +/- 0.8), and work issues were less important (2.8 +/- 0.7). The differences between these scores were significant (F = 3.76, p < 0.05). The ratings for the top five items not in these scales also indicated that education and location were very important. These results were corroborated by applicants' responses to the open-ended request to list the three most important factors in ranking residencies. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that work issues are important, but greater emphasis is placed on interpersonal issues, education, location, and a program's reputation when applicants select residency programs. Furthermore, this study provides evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the three scales.     

我国石油炼制和化工中钨的催化应用和研究进展

回顾了钨催化剂在石油炼制和石油化工新技术中的应用现状和研究进展,包括加氢裂化、加氢精制、催化氧化、酸催化等技术。钨催化剂将对未来石油炼制和化工的环境友好技术发展起重要作用,也是钨资源精细化发展的重要方向。     

广西右江褶皱系卡林型金矿成矿条件与找矿方向探讨

卡林型金矿是产于沉积岩及浅变质沉积岩的中低温热液型金矿,也是广西右江地区重要的金矿类型之一。右江褶皱系金矿体赋存层位主要为泥盆系和三叠纪碳酸盐岩及陆源碎屑岩,区内构造复杂多样,相互交错叠置,对卡林型金矿的成矿起着重要作用。研究发现,右江地区具有较高的Sb、As和Hg背景值,该元素异常的重合地段是重要的找矿靶区,Sb、As和Hg也是卡林型金矿产出的重要指示元素。通过分析该区成矿条件,指出右江地区卡林型金矿床赋存的有利场所是台缘断裂与覆盖于碳酸盐孤台之上的含钙杂砂岩层和古土壤层的交切部位,深大断裂的旁侧和大的岩相分界线是最有利的找矿方向。目前,已在矿区内圈定出4处成矿远景区。     

谈施工项目成本管理中的成本计划

随着建筑市场竞争的日益激烈、规范，企业间的竞争将逐渐由质量竞争向价格竞争转变。成本是价格构成中最重要的部分，有效地降低成本，就能有效地降低价格。因此，加强成本管理，节支增效，就成为企业长期的经营策略。而成本计划，作为成本管理的重要组成部分，其重要性也就日益突显出来。     

谈施工项目成本管理中的成本计划

随着建筑市场竞争的日益激烈、规范,企业间的竞争将逐渐由质量竞争向价格竞争转变.成本是价格构成中最重要的部分,有效地降低成本,就能有效地降低价格.因此,加强成本管理,节支增效,就成为企业长期的经营策略.而成本计划,作为成本管理的重要组成部分,其重要性也就日益突显出来.     

湘钢连铸坯热送热装工艺实践

通过湘钢公司热送热装工艺的实践，介绍热送热装过程中应注意的几方面问题及节能降耗的意义。