Nonisothermal cure kinetics and diffusion effect of liquid-crystalline epoxy sulfonyl bis(1,4-phenylene)bis[4-(2,3-epoxypropyloxy)benzoate] resin with aromatic diamine

The curing kinetics of the liquid-crystalline epoxy resin sulfonyl bis(1,4-phenylene)bis[4-(2,3-epoxypropyloxy)benzoate] with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone was investigated by nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry. The relationship between the apparent activation energy (E_a) and the conversion was determined, and the effects of the molecular structure and the order of liquid crystallinity on E_a are discussed in detail. Some parameters were evaluated with the autocatalytic kinetic model of the Šesták–Berggren (S–B) equation. The results show that there were some deviations of these simulation curves from the experimental curves at high heating rates and in the late stage of the curing reaction. The diffusion effect in the nonisothermal curing reaction is discussed, and a diffusion factor was proposed and introduced into the S–B equation. Then, a modified S–B equation was created, as follows: , where α is the conversion, t is the time, m and n are reaction orders, K is rate constant, C is the diffusion coefficient, and α_c is the critical conversion. The theoretical simulation curves agreed very well with the experimental data as determined with the modified S–B equation, which may be more useful for describing and predicting the nonisothermal curing reaction kinetics of epoxy resin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

4-[2-(甲基-2-吡啶氨基)乙氧基]苯甲醛合成方法的改进

4[2(甲基2吡啶氨基)乙氧基]苯甲醛(1)是合成治疗糖尿病新药罗格列酮(Ｒｏｓｉｇｌｉｔａｚｏｎｅ)的关键中间体,罗格列酮已由ＳｍｉｔｈＫｌｉｎｅＢｅｅｃｈａｍ公司开发上市[1]。文献报道[2～4]的制备是以2氯吡啶为起始原料与2甲氨基乙醇缩合后,在钠氢作用下与4氟苯甲醛反应制得,收率为302%。由于使用危险昂贵的试剂钠氢,工业化生产有一定难度。本文在参考文献[2～4]合成方法的基础上,以2氯吡啶为原料按文献[2]的路线制备1,其中2(甲基2吡啶氨基)乙醇(3)的合成中,加大了2甲氨基乙醇的用量,反应结束后减压回收2甲氨基乙醇,以降低成本,收率由…     

Synthesis and photoinduced surface relief grating formation of novel photo-responsive amorphous molecular materials, 4-[bis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)amino]-4′-cyanoazobenzene and 4-[bis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)-amino]-4′-nitroazobenzene

Novel azobenzene-based photo-responsive amorphous molecular materials, 4-[bis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)amino]-4′-cyanoazobenzene and 4-[bis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)amino]-4′-nitroazobenzene, have been synthesized and the formation of surface relief grating on their amorphous films has been investigated. It was found that a relatively large surface relief grating could be inscribed on both amorphous films upon interference exposure to the writing laser beams. The modulation depth of the surface relief grating inscribed on the amorphous film of the cyano-substituted material was found to be larger than that inscribed on the film of the nitro-substituted one and seemed to be comparable to that inscribed on the amorphous film of the parent material, 4-[bis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)amino]azobenzene. These results were discussed from the viewpoint of their trans–cis photoisomerizations as amorphous films and glass-transition temperatures.     

一锅煮法合成聚二(p-乙氧羰苯氧基)磷腈

在无水K2CO3催化作用下,用一锅煮法合成了聚二(p-乙氧羰苯氧基)磷腈,产率70%,用IR3、1PNMR、1HNMR、13CNMR对其结构进行了确证,蒸汽压分子量测定法测定了数均分子量。     

Synthesis and characterization of novel fluorinated polyimides derived from bis[4-(4′-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl phosphine oxide

A novel fluorinated aromatic diamine, bis[4-(4′-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl phosphine oxide, was synthesized. A series of new fluorinated polyimides containing phosphine oxide was prepared from the novel diamine with various commercially available aromatic dianhydrides. All the fluorinated polyimides show high glass transition temperatures, excellent thermal stability, and good solubility in common organic solvents.     

相转移催化法合成新树型配体——N,N′,N″-(三苄基)-三乙氨基胺和N,N′,N″-(三苯甲酰)-三乙氨基胺

报道了以相转移催化法合成一类新有机试剂——三乙氨基胺类树型配体 N,N′,N″-(三苄基)-三乙氨基胺(TBAA)和N,N′,N″-(三苯甲酰)-三乙氨基胺(TBOAA),产率 85% 以上。此类化合物具有近似三角架形结构,能产生荧光,可以与稀土离子进行选择性配位。     

己二醇双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)]丙酸酯的合成

以3－（3，5－二叔丁基－4－羟基苯基）丙酸甲酯（简称3，5－甲酯）与1，6－己二醇为原料，有机锡为催化剂，在无溶剂的条件下合成了己二醇双[3-(3,5-二频丁基－4－羟基苯基）]丙酸酯。通过实验考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、反应时间及物料配比等因素的影响。结果表明，最佳的反应条件是反应温度120－140℃，催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1．2％左右，反应时间4h,3,5-l甲酯与1，6－己二醇摩尔比为2．05：1。在此条件下，收率在95％以上，并通过元素分析、红外光谱分析、核磁氢谱对产品进行了结构表征。     

N-甲基-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯氧基]乙酰胺的合成

在无水碳酸钾存在下,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,由2-氯乙酰甲胺和4-苯氧基苯酚反应,制备了N-甲基-2-(4-苯氧基苯氧基)乙酰胺。而后,以乙腈和四氯化碳为混合溶剂,磺酰氯和N-甲基-2-(4-苯氧基苯氧基)乙酰胺反应,得到目的产物。着重考察了反应温度、反应时间、物料摩尔比对目的产物收率的影响。从而确定了产物的合成工艺条件为:反应温度40℃,反应时间5 h,n[N-甲基-2-(4-苯氧基苯氧基)乙酰胺]∶n(磺酰氯)=1∶1.4;在此条件下,产物的收率达80%以上。经IR、MS1、H NMR确定为N-甲基-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯氧基]乙酰胺。     

2-羟基-4-(5,6-二硝基-1H-苯并[2,3-d]咪唑-2-基)苯甲酸甲酯的 合成探索

以4,5-二硝基邻苯二胺和2-羟基对苯二甲酸单甲酯为起始原料,设计并成功采用一锅法合成出2-羟 基-4-(5,6-二硝基-1H-苯并[2,3-d]咪唑-2-基)苯甲酸甲酯（MHDIB）。以50 mL二乙二醇二甲醚为溶剂,1.5 g的2-羟基对苯二甲酸单甲酯和2.5 g SOCl2在80 ℃反应2 h制2-羟基-4-氯羰基苯甲酸甲酯。室温下快速向反应体系中加入1.56 g 4,5-二硝基邻苯二胺,并于85 ℃反应1 h后加入3.52 g 多聚磷酸,回流反应1 h后水析出粗产品,经乙醇重结晶得到纯度为93.67%的黄色针状产物,产率为17.82%。产物经IR、MS、1H NMR的准确定性和表征,作为AB型新单体的前体可应用于羟基改性PBI纤维即聚2-羟基-1,4-亚苯基-2,6-苯并[2,3-d：5',6'-d']二咪唑（H-PBI）的创新研究。     

4-[3-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯氧基]苯胺的合成研究

以间苯二酚和对硝基氯化苯为原料经醚化和水合肼还原合成了聚酰亚胺的二胺单体4-[3-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯氧基]苯胺,总收率为79.8%,HPLC面积归一法测定目的产物为99.56%。并用元素分析和红外光谱对产物进行了表征。     

1-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-酰氧基甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑的合成及生物活性

2, 4 二氯苯乙酮经溴化得ω 溴 2, 4 二氯苯乙酮,该化合物与丙三醇反应并脱水得 2 (2, 4 二氯苯基 ) 2 溴甲基 4 羟甲基 1, 3 二氧戊环,再在常温下与苯甲酰氯反应合成 2 (2, 4 二氯苯基) 2 溴甲基 4 苯甲酰氧基甲基 1, 3 二氧戊环,然后在 130℃与 1H 1, 2, 4 三唑钠反应 36h,所得产物经水解得 1 [2 (2, 4 二氯苯基 ) 4 羟甲基 1, 3 二氧戊环 2 基]甲基 1H 1, 2, 4 三氮唑,再在室温以吡啶作缚酸剂,与甲磺酰氯反应 20h,合成 1 [2 (2, 4 二氯苯基) 4 甲磺酰氧基甲基 1, 3 二氧戊环 2 基]甲基 1H 1, 2, 4 三氮唑,最后与各类羧酸的钾盐反应,合成了 10种 1 [2 (2, 4 二氯苯基 ) 4 酰氧基甲基 1, 3 二氧戊环 2 基 ]甲基 1H 1, 2, 4 三氮唑类化合物。产物的结构经GC MS、IR证实。对目标产物进行了杀菌活性测定,结果表明,各化合物均具有不同程度的生物活性,其中: 1 [2 (2, 4 二氯苯基) 4 (α 甲基苯乙酰氧基)甲基 1, 3 二氧戊环 2 基]甲基 1H 1, 2, 4 三氮唑对水稻稻瘟病菌和油菜菌核病菌的抑制率,分别达到 92 1%与 95 6%,对小麦赤霉病菌和瓜类灰霉病菌的抑制率达到 80%以上;1 [2 (2, 4 二氯苯基) 4 对氟苯甲酰氧基甲基 1, 3 二氧戊环 2 基 ]甲基 1H 1, 2, 4 三氮唑对水稻稻瘟病菌和油菜菌核病菌的抑制率分别为 9     

2-[N-甲基-N-(2-吡啶基)氨基] 乙醇制备条件的优化

2-[N-甲基-N-(2-吡啶基)氨基]乙醇是合成罗格列酮(Rosighitazone)的一种中间体，罗格列酮是新型噻唑烷二酮类胰岛素增敏剂，通过两轮优化设计，实验室小试得到了较好的反应条件．为工业化生产提供了基础数据。     

1-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-烃氧基甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑类化合物的合成及杀菌活性研究

2,4-二氯苯乙酮经溴化得ω-溴-2,4-二氯苯乙酮,该化合物与丙三醇在对甲基苯磺酸催化下脱水,得2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-溴甲基-4-羟甲基-1,3-二氧戊环,该中间体与苯甲酰氯在常温下反应,合成了2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-溴甲基-4-苯甲酰氧基甲基-1,3-二氧戊环,然后与三氮唑钠盐在130℃反应36 h,之后在碱性条件下水解,获得1-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-羟甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑,再以吡啶为缚酸剂继续与甲磺酰氯反应,合成了1-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲磺酰氧基甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑,最后在碱性条件下,与12个不同结构的酚缩合成标题化合物1-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-烃氧基甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑。标题化合物的结构用GC-MS、FTIR进行了表证。生物活性实验结果表明,12个标题化合物对水稻稻瘟病菌的抑菌率均在88.0%以上,其中,1-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-间甲基苯氧基甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑达100%。1-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-苯氧基甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑和1-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-对硝基苯氧基甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑对油菜菌核病菌的抑菌率分别为100%和97.8%;1-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-间甲基苯氧基甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制活性为91.2%。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly[bis(3-aminophenyl) diselenide] and Poly[bis(3-aminophenyl) diselenide-co-aniline]

Summary Bis(m-aminophenyl)diselenide was synthesized by diazotation of m-nitroaniline followed by incorporation of potassium selenium cyanate, and the reduction of the nitro groups by addition of tin and concentrated HCl. This dihydrochloride monomer was polymerised using ammonium persulphate in 0.25 M HCl as oxidizing agent. Copolymers of aniline with bis(m-aminophenyl)diselenide were prepared by oxidation of diselenide and aniline mixtures, at several mole ratios of aniline in the feed (f₁), with the same oxidizing agent. In the all the range of polymers analysed there are more diselenide comonomer units than aniline units. The polymer and copolymers were characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, thermal stability and electrical conductivity, showing a high thermal stability, with a weight loss of 10% at 400 °C and there is an important effect of groups diselenide on the electrical properties, because conductivities are highly modified when the substitution is in m-position in the aniline ring. Therefore, it is necessary to add a high mole ratio of aniline in the feed to obtain copolymers with conductivities within the semi-conduction range.     

1-(4-溴苯基)-3-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-3-基)脲的合成

以4-溴苯甲酸为原料,经过Curtius重排反应制得4-溴苯异氰酸酯,再进一步与3-氨基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑发生亲核加成反应,合成了目标产物1-(4-溴苯基)-3-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-3-基)脲。对产物进行了元素分析,以红外、核磁和紫外光谱确认其结构;生测结果表明该化合物具有一定的植物生长调节活性。     

氯化1-{2-[双(2-氨基乙基)氨基]乙基}吡啶离子液体的合成及在ATRP反应中的应用

采用N-烷基化方法将二乙烯三胺（DETA）接枝到氯化1-氯乙基吡啶离子液体[CePy]Cl上,合成了离子液体氯化1-{2-[双（2-氨基乙基）氨基]乙基}吡啶（[N₃Py]Cl）,通过FTIR、¹H NMR和MS等测试手段对合成离子液体的结构进行了表征。采用循环伏安法对离子液体配合物[N₃Py]Cl/CuBr和有机配合物PMDETA/CuBr的氧化还原电位（E_1/2）进行测试,结果表明：合成的离子液体[N₃Py]Cl和CuBr形成配合物的氧化还原电势为E_1/2=-0.541V,比常用的有机配合物PMDETA/CuBr（E_1/2=-0.142V）具有更低的氧化还原电势。将离子液体[N₃Py]Cl与CuBr配位形成催化体系,在离子液体[AMIM]Cl中催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）反应。结果表明,当配体、催化剂和溶剂的用量分别为n（CuBr）=0.19mmol、n（[N₃Py]Cl）=1.13mmol、n（[AMIM]Cl）=0.02mol,反应温度60℃,反应时间4h时,单体转化率高达75%,分子量分布较窄（M_w/M_n=1.24）,ATRP反应具有明显的可控性能。     

N-[4-(4-溴丁氧基)-2-硝基苯基]乙酰胺的合成

以对乙酰氨基苯酚为原料,经烷基化、硝化合成N [4 (4 溴丁氧基) 2 硝基苯基]乙酰胺。用正交实验确定了烷基化反应的适宜条件为n(KOH)∶n(1,4 二溴丁烷)∶n(对乙酰氨基苯酚)=1 2∶2 8∶1,68～70℃反应80min,重结晶后收率为77 42%。硝化反应的适宜原料配比为n(HNO3)∶n(乙酸酐)∶n〔N [4 (4 溴丁氧基)苯基]乙酰胺〕=1 9∶9 6∶1,温度低于10℃反应收率可达92 2%。用薄层色谱、IR、1HNMR对产物进行了结构鉴定。分析目标产物及相关化合物的1HNMR谱,结果表明,在邻硝基乙酰苯胺及其衍生物中芳环上乙酰氨基邻位质子化学位移比按经验公式计算的预测值大0 6～1 3,这一特征是硝基和乙酰氨基相互作用的结果。     

Synthesis and properties of poly[2,6-(p-phenylvinyl)-4-(4'-octyloxybiphenyl-4-yl)quinoline]

Summary A novel polyquinoline (PQDBP8) containing the pendent 4'-octyloxybiphenyl group in the 4-position of the quinoline ring was prepared by the acid-catalyzed polymerization (Friedl?nder quinoline synthesis) of 1-(4-{2-[4-amino-3-(4'-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carbonyl)-phenyl]vinyl}phenyl)ethanone (6). PQDBP8 showed highly thermal stability (T_d= 384 °C, T_g= 183 °C). PQDBP8 showed blue fluorescence in dilute solution (λ_max= 449 nm) and green fluorescence in solid state (λ_max= 494, 540 nm) due to excimer formation. EL spectrum of PQDBP8 lies in the green region (λ_max= 572 nm) and PQDBP8/PVK blend film lies in the blue region (λ_max= 446 nm). Received: 16 February 1999/Revised version: 20 April 1999/Accepted: 26 April 1999