高压脉冲放电等离子体降解苯酚废水

考察了多种因素对高压脉冲放电低温等离子体降解水中苯酚效果的影响。降低放电电极直径、放电距离、废水的电导率和提高废水的pH值以及向废水中通气体和加入硫酸亚铁等均可提高废水中苯酚的降解速率 ,而加入碳酸钠则会降低苯酚的降解速率。初始质量浓度为 10 0mg/L的苯酚废水经放电处理 180min后降解率达 5 0 9%。     

成对电—三维电极电解染料废水

以酸性大红3R模拟高酸高氯染料废水为研究对象,通过成对电-三维电极氧化技术,水气循环处理染料废水;实际考察了pH、NaCl质量浓度、电流密度、电解时间等对电解效果的影响,并对电解机理做了初步探讨。结果表明,水流速度3.2 L.min-1,电流密度100 mA.cm-2,经过电解8 h,废水COD去除率达80%,色度去除率95%,废水中的有机物得到了有效地降解,为工程化处理高酸高氯废水提供依据。     

高压脉冲电晕放电等离子体降解水中苯酚

对高压脉冲放电等离子体技术降解水中有机污染物苯酚进行了实验研究,观察了脉冲成形电容、脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、放电电极直径、放电距离等因素对苯酚降解率的影响;实验结果表明脉冲成形电容有一最佳值;降解率随脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率增大而升高,随放电电极直径和放电距离的减小而增大。当放电处理320min后,废水的TOC下降62．1％。     

三维电极电化学方法处理印染废水实验研究

作者利用三维电极电化学方法进行了去除印染废水COD和色度的实验研究,取得了令人满意的脱色率和COD去除率,经三维电极处理10min后,COD去除率达89．03％,色度去除率达99．43％,印染废水经处理后能达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978—1996)Ⅰ级要求。为印染废水的处理提供了一种新的有效方法。     

Gliding arc plasma assisted photocatalytic degradation of anthraquinonic acid green 25 in solution with TiO2

Anthraquinonic acid green 25 (AG 25) removal was investigated by plasmachemistry using non-thermal gliding arc at atmospheric pressure. The gaseous species formed in the discharge, and especially OH radicals, induce strong oxidizing effects in the target solution. The removal of the dye was carried out in the absence and presence of TiO₂ as photocatalyst. The decolourization of AG 25 was followed by UV–vis spectrometry (at 643 nm), while the degradation was followed by COD measurements. The effects of operating variables such as initial concentration of AG 25 and catalyst concentration were investigated. Experiments were carried out to optimise the amount of TiO₂. The results showed that maximum degradation was attained for 2 g L⁻¹ TiO₂ concentration. At this optimum concentration, the dye (80 μM) was totally decolourized within 15 min of plasma-treatment time, and 93% removal of initial COD was attained after a 180-min plasma-treatment time. In the absence of catalyst, colour removal was 46% after 15 min, while COD abatement reached 84% after 180 min. The extent of degradation decreased with initial concentration and the time required for complete degradation increased. In all cases, the plasma-treated samples in the presence or absence of catalyst were found to follow pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. The TiO₂-mediated plasmachemical process showed potential application for the treatment of dye solutions, resulting in the mineralization of the dye confirmed by sulfate ion formation.     

Degradation of an azo dye Orange II using a gas phase dielectric barrier discharge reactor submerged in water

A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system employing wastewater as one of the electrodes was applied to the degradation of an azo dye, Orange II. The main advantage of this system is that reactive species like ozone and ultraviolet (UV) light produced by the DBD can be utilized for the treatment of wastewater. This system was able to remove the chromaticity and destroy the benzene and naphthalene rings in the dye molecule effectively. The results obtained under several conditions revealed that the UV emission from the DBD reactor could enhance the degradation of the dye, particularly in the presence of titanium oxide photocatalyst. The products resulting from the destruction of the rings in the dye molecule were found to be highly recalcitrant against further oxidation to smaller molecules. The change in the initial dye concentration showed that the reaction order was around 0.8 with respect to the dye concentration. The reduction in the concentration of total organic carbon was much more efficient with oxygen than with air.     

微电解—水解酸化-硝化反硝化工艺处理假发生产废水

采用微电解—水解酸化-硝化反硝化工艺处理假发生产废水,微电解去除废水中的色度和其他污染物,并提高废水的可生化性,以利于后续生化处理;水解酸化提高后续处理的容积负荷,提高去除效率,对进水中有机氮的氨化作用明显,硝化反硝化可将水解产生的NH3-N全部转化。运行结果表明,进水COD为1 100 mg/L、氨氮为120 mg/L的情况下,该工艺降解COD及脱氮效果良好;处理工艺保证系统出水COD〈40 mg/L,氨氮〈5 mg/L,达到了《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

CeO_2/Ti电极催化双氧水氧化耦合处理染料废水研究

该方法针对染料工厂的废水处理,以蒽醌为模型染料,采用CeO2/Ti电极对染料废水进行先催化双氧水氧化来提高其氧化耦合能力,再利用氢氧化铁絮凝剂进行吸附处理。处理后废水中COD去除率达95%以上,色度可降到5倍以内。     

高压脉冲介质阻挡放电协同臭氧溶气降解聚丙烯酰胺模拟废水

利用高压脉冲介质阻挡放电与臭氧联用的上流式反应器,考察了高压脉冲介质阻挡放电、臭氧和二者协同处理聚丙烯酰胺的降解情况以及COD和BOD5/COD的变化趋势;另外研究了反应器内加入TiO2催化剂对处理效果的影响,并探讨了其作用机理。结果表明,停留时间为10min时,放电协同臭氧溶气对聚丙烯酰胺的降解率可达51%,比单独放电和单独臭氧分别提高了27%和4%。加入TiO2催化剂后,COD去除率达到65%,BOD5/COD提高到0.37。     

纳米ZnO/Ni电极的制备及光电催化性能研究

采用阴极电沉积法制备泡沫镍负载纳米氧化锌电极,并用扫描SEM和XRD分析其晶粒形貌和物相结构。以刚果红染料为模拟污染物,ZnO/Ni为工作电极,铂丝电极为对电极,对刚果红染料废水进行了光电结合催化降解的试验研究。考察了外加偏压、氯离子浓度和溶液初始pH对刚果红染料废水光电催化降解效率的影响,同时在最优条件下比较了光催化降解、电解与光电结合催化降解对刚果红染料废水的降解效果的差异。结果表明,在相同条件下,光电结合催化降解刚果红染料废水的速率比单纯的光催化降解速率和单纯的电解速率快。在外加偏压为1.2 V,支持电解液浓度为0.20 mol.L-1,溶液pH为6时对40 mg.L-1的刚果红光电催化降解120 min时的降解率、色度和COD去除率分别达到82.57%、94.00%和68.72%。     

白腐真菌生物接触氧化法处理染料废水试验研究

采用白腐真菌生物接触氧化法处理偶氮染料活性嫩黄K-6G模拟染料废水,考察其对染料废水的脱色效果和COD的降解情况。试验结果表明:该法对染料废水色度去除效果较好,在进水色度为2000倍左右时,去除率达98%;对经Fenton预处理后的染料废水,在进水COD的质量浓度为132~305mg/L时,其COD平均去除率为62%。由此可见,白腐真菌技术与生物膜反应器相结合,能有效地去除难降解偶氮染料废水的色度,并对COD有一定的降解效果。     

催化氧化法处理医药工业废水

采用催化氧化工艺处理医药中间体丙硫氧嘧啶、强的松、咳必清和氰乙酸乙酯等产品生产过程中产生的混合废水 ,考察了pH值、反应时间和氧化剂投加量对催化氧化COD、色度去除率的影响。废水经催化氧化处理后接生化处理 ,出水COD <2 0 0mg/L ,达到行业排放标准     

Use of a PbO2 electrode of a lead-acid battery for the electrochemical degradation of methylene blue

In this work, the electrochemical degradation efficiency of synthetic azo dye, methylene blue, at positive electrode PbO₂ of lead-acid battery was investigated. The structure and morphology of the electrode was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The influence of several operating parameters on electro-oxidation of 100 mL of methylene blue solution 100 mg/L was studied. Results indicated that lead-acid battery electrode is effective for removing color and chemical oxygen demand (COD). It is found that current density, the stirring speed, and the supporting electrolyte concentration have a positive effect on decolorization and mineralization, and no significant effect of the distance between the electrodes on methylene blue degradation and COD removal was observed. By contrast, the percentage of color and COD removal decreases with increasing of pH. Kinetic analysis of the results revealed that the COD removal follows a pseudo-first-order kinetics.     

无机高分子絮凝剂混凝吸附性能的比较研究

比较了无机高分子絮凝剂聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚氯硫酸铁(PFCS)在废水处理中的混凝吸附性能，并对絮凝剂的混凝机理进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明，在使用量相同的情况下，聚铁的絮凝性能明显优于聚铝，经改性后的PFCS使用的pH范围更宽，混凝除浊效果更好。在选定的实验条件下，经砂滤、絮凝、活性炭吸附处理后，水样中CODCr,浊度、色度和SS的去除率均在80％以上，出水可达到国家污水综合排放标准。     

H2O2强化光催化处理苯胺化工废水的应用试验

研究者在苯胺模拟废水高级氧化处理方面开展了很多研究,但针对炼化企业苯胺装置废水含盐高、色度高、COD降解难等问题尚未开展工程应用。为解决苯胺生产废水的实际问题,本研究开展了TiO₂/UV-H₂O₂氧化降解苯胺废水（1~2m³/h）的现场试验研究。考察了苯胺废水在单独TiO₂/UV、单独H₂O₂氧化及TiO₂/UV-H₂O₂协同作用下的处理效果,提出了苯胺废水的最佳处理工艺方案,并进行了成本核算。结果表明,单独TiO₂/UV和单独H₂O₂氧化对苯胺废水的脱色率和COD去除率偏低,而TiO₂/UV-H₂O₂协同作用时苯胺废水脱色率和COD去除率可达95%以上。协同氧化体系中,H₂O₂的氧化降解作用显著,H₂O₂投加量1%~2%;酸性条件利于苯胺废水的降解,特别是pH=3.8~4.2时;TiO₂/UV和H₂O₂协同作用一段时间后,停止UV而凭借残余H₂O₂可以将体系中的中间产物继续降解直至矿化成CO₂。TiO₂/UV- H₂O₂协同处理炼化企业苯胺生产废水,出水COD≤60mg/L,色度≤20倍,单位能耗约18.44kW·h/m³,明显低于文献报道值,具有显著的技术性与经济性。     

O3/H2O2组合工艺处理丁苯橡胶生产废水的研究

针对合成橡胶生产废水,特别是丁苯橡胶(SBR)生产废水的悬浮物浓度高,成分复杂,可生化性差,难以达到国家排放标准等问题,以O3/H2O2组合工艺对SBR生产废水进行非均相催化氧化处理实验,探讨了影响COD去除率的各种因素,确定了最佳的混凝和催化氧化条件.研究结果表明:采用混凝-催化氧化工艺可使原水的COD从860 mg/L降至145 mg/L,去除率83.1%,出水达到国家二级排放标准.     

Treatment of olive mill wastewater by the combination of ultrafiltration and bipolar electrochemical reactor processes

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the removal of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from olive mill wastewater (OMW) by the combination of ultrafiltration with electrocoagulation process. Ultrafiltration process equipped with CERAVER membrane was used as pre-treatment for electrochemical process. The obtained permeate from the ultrafiltration process allowed COD removal efficiency of about 96% from OMW. Obtained permeate with an average COD of about 1.1 g dm⁻³ was treated by electrochemical reactor equipped with a reactor with bipolar iron plate electrodes. The effect of the experimental parameters such as current density, pH, surface electrode/reactor volume ratio and NaCl concentration on COD removal was assessed. The results showed that the optimum COD removal rate was obtained at a current density of 93.3 A m⁻² and pH ranging from 4.5 to 6.5. At the optimum operational parameters for the experiments, electrocoagulation process could reduce COD from 1.1 g dm⁻³ to 78 mg dm⁻³, allowing direct discharge of the treated OMW as that meets the Algerian wastewater discharge standards (<125 mg dm⁻³).     

Non‐thermal plasma degradation of dye using an underwater dielectric barrier discharge created inside a porous hydrophobic ceramic tube

An alternating‐current‐driven, atmospheric‐pressure, non‐thermal plasma reactor was applied to the degradation of dye in water. The plasma reactor, made of a porous hollow ceramic tube, was placed underwater and was able to disperse plasmatic gas containing various reactive species into aqueous dye solution as small bubbles through the micropores of the tube. The hydrophobic coating on the surface of the ceramic tube effectively prevented the water from permeating through it. This wastewater treatment system was able immediately to transfer plasmatic gas to aqueous solution across the porous ceramic tube and provide a large gas–liquid interfacial area, allowing efficient dye treatment. So as to simulate real dyeing wastewater, an aqueous solution comprising two different azo dyes was used. The effect of discharge power, treatment time, and flow rate of oxygen used for the creation of plasma was examined. The results suggest that this system may be useful for the treatment of organic wastewater.     

高压脉冲放电等离子体处理工业废水实验研究

采用针-板式高压脉冲放电等离子体反应器处理工业废水.考察了脉冲电压峰值、电极间距、氧气通入量等因素对废水CODCr去除率的影响.在脉冲电压峰值为35 kV,电极间距为15 mm,氧气鼓人量为150 mL/min的实验条件下,废水被放电处理150 min,CODCr的去除率可达81.2%.研究表明,高压脉冲放电等离子体技术处理工业废水具有良好的应用前景.     

超声波-Fenton法协同降解含表面活性剂SDS弱酸艳红染料废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化、超声辐射和超声-Fenton氧化三种方法处理含阴离子表面活性剂SDS的弱酸艳红B染料废水,考察溶液初始pH、H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量、反应时间和超声功率对废水色度和COD的影响。结果表明:单独超声对废水色度和COD的去除没有效果,超声-Fenton氧化法对废水COD的去除效果明显优于Fenton氧化法。在pH 2.5,温度50℃,H2O2投加量4 mL/L,FeSO4投加量300 mg/L,反应时间90 min及超声功率400 W的条件下,废水色度去除率为98%,COD去除率为72%,比单独Fenton氧化法COD去除率提高25%。