Preparation and characterization of Ti/SnO(2)-Sb(2)O(3)-Nb(2)O(5)/PbO(2) thin film as electrode material for the degradation of phenol

In this work, a novel electrode of titanium substrate coated with mixed metal oxides of SnO(2), Sb(2)O(3), Nb(2)O(5) and PbO(2) was successfully prepared using thermal decomposition and electrodeposition. The surface morphology and the structure of the prepared thin film were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Experimental results showed that the structure of the prepared electrode might be described as a Ti/SnO(2)-Sb(2)O(3)-Nb(2)O(5)/PbO(2) thin film and its surface was mainly comprised pyramidal-shape beta-PbO(2) crystals. The modified electrode had higher oxygen evolution potential than that of other PbO(2) modified electrodes. Electrocatalytic oxidation of phenol in aqueous solution was studied to evaluate the potential applications of this electrode in environmental science. The phenol removal efficiency in an artificial wastewater containing 0.50g/L phenol could reach 78.6% at 20 degrees C and pH 7.0 with an applied electricity density of 20mA/cm(2) and treatment time of 120min. When 21.3g/L chloride was added to this wastewater, the removal efficiency could reach to 97.2%.     

多元中间过渡层钛基氧化锰电极的寿命及电化学性能

采用热分解法制备了不同中间层的钛基氧化锰电极,利用SEM、XPS和XRD方法对电极进行了表征,应用加速寿命试验方法测试了电极在60℃、1.0mol/L H2SO4溶液中的预期使用寿命,同时测定了酸性溶液中该类电极的动力学参数(a、b、i0),运用双位垒模型讨论了电极的电化学性能。结果表明,具有RuO2+SnO2+MnO2+Sb2O4固溶体中间层的钛基氧化锰电极在高电流密度下(4A/cm2)的寿命可高达58h,电化学动力学表明该电极在酸性溶液中的析氧活化能较低,a值较小,i0值较大,是酸性溶液中较好的析氧电极材料。     

Electrochemical degradation of phenol using electrodes of Ti/RuO(2)-Pt and Ti/IrO(2)-Pt

Electrochemical degradation of phenol was evaluated at two typical anodes, Ti/RuO(2)-Pt and Ti/IrO(2)-Pt, for being a treatment method in toxic aromatic compounds. The influences of current density, dosage of NaCl, initial phenol concentration on electrochemical phenol degradation were investigated. It was found that Ti/RuO(2)-Pt anode had a higher oxygen evolution potential than Ti/IrO(2)-Pt anode, which will increase the current efficiency for electrochemical degradation, and the instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) was relatively higher at the initial time during phenol electrolysis. HOCl formed during electrolysis would play an important role on the oxidation of phenol. For the Ti/RuO(2)-Pt anode, phenol concentration decreased from around 8mg/L to zero after 30min of electrolysis with 0.3g/L NaCl as supporting electrolyte at the current density of 10mA/cm(2). Although phenol could be completely electrochemical degraded at both Ti/RuO(2)-Pt and Ti/IrO(2)-Pt anodes, phenol degradation was slower at the Ti/IrO(2)-Pt anode than at the Ti/RuO(2)-Pt anode due to the fact that passivation was to be found at the Ti/IrO(2)-Pt anode.     

Ti/SnO_2 Sb_2O_3 MnO_2/PbO_2阳极的性能研究

制备了一种非贵金属阳极－Ｔｉ／ＳｎＯ２＋Ｓｂ２Ｏ３＋ＭｎＯ２／ＰｂＯ２,并用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ进行了表征,计算出了电极的分形维数,测定了该电极在硫酸中的使用寿命和动力学参数,把该电极用于处理含酚废水和Ｐｂ电极进行对比．结果表明,节电３３％,转化率达９５％,是一种优良的电化学催化剂．     

表层稀土掺杂PbO_2电极及对苯酚电催化氧化性能研究

以钛电极为基体,用热分解法制备Sn-Sb中间层,电沉积方法制备稀土La掺杂PbO2电极,优化了制备改性PbO2电极的电沉积温度、电沉积时间及稀土掺杂量。以苯酚废水为目标有机物,借助于苯酚去除情况分析电极的电催化氧化能力;分析了电极结构与电催化特性之间的关系。采用SEM、EDX和XRD分析了制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成、晶体结构。实验结果表明:电沉积液温度50℃,电沉积2 h,稀土镧掺杂量4∶1的PbO2电极降解苯酚电催化性能有明显改善,其去除率达到90.9%。     

热分解法制备的Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PbO2电极性质研究

研究了热分解法制备的Ti／SnO2 Sb2O3／PbO2电极性能以及该电极在硫酸溶液中作阳极使用的电化学特性．ESEM实验结果表明，所制备的锡锑中间层表面致密有序，能有效阻止新生态氧向基体扩散，延缓了绝缘的TiO2层生成．循环伏安曲线表明在析氧过程中，电极表面的组成会发生改变．所制电极在电流密度为4．0A／cm^2、60．0℃、1．0mol／LH2SO4溶液中作阳极使用时其寿命可达30h．     

多壁碳纳米管对钛基二氧化铅电极电化学性能的影响

为提高钛基二氧化铅电极的电化学性能,利用直流电沉积法制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)掺杂改性的电积锌用钛基二氧化铅复合阳极材料。通过XRD、SEM等测试方法,研究了不同多壁碳纳米管添加量对电极活性层的物相组成、微观形貌的影响规律。结果显示:掺杂MWCNTs后,在与PbO_2共沉积过程中会阻碍PbO_2的连续生长,使PbO_2晶体细化,同时MWCNTs的引入使得PbO_2晶体在(301)晶面发生了明显的择优生长。电化学测试表明,与纯Ti/β-PbO_2电极材料相比,Ti/β-PbO_2/CNTs电极材料具有更好的电化学性能,当MWCNTs的添加量为3.0g/L时,电极的析氧过电位为1.566 V,降低了0.054 V;自腐蚀电流密度为5.225×10-6A/cm2,降低了8.095×10-6A/cm2,电极的电催化活性和耐腐蚀性能得到改善。     

含Mn中间层钛基二氧化锡电催化电极的性能

采用高温热氧化方法制备了含Mn中间层的钛基二氧化锡电催化电极Ti/Mn/SnO2.采用SEM、EDX以及XPS等检测方法对电极表面涂层的形貌、元素组成及元素化学态进行了分析,研究了所制备Ti/Mn/SnO2电极电催化氧化降解苯酚的性能.结果表明,Mn中间层的引入降低了电极对苯酚的电催化降解活性,使电极的使用稳定性大为提高.含Mn中间层的存在,可防止电化学反应过程中析出的氧向基体的扩散,离子对Mn2 /Mn4 与Sn2 /Sn4 的存在改变了SnO2电极表面催化剂的组成和结构,导致电极性能变化.     

Sb掺杂钛基SnO2电极的制备、表征及其电催化性能研究

采用电沉积 热氧化法制备了含有中间层的Sb掺杂钛基SnO2 电催化电极(Ti/SnO2),采用SEM、EDX以及 XRD 等检测方法对所制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成及结构进行分析,并以苯酚为目标有机物,研究所制备电极对有机污染物的电催化降解能力。研究结果表明所制备 Ti/SnO2 电极可在较短时间内将苯酚彻底降解,其较大的真实表面积以及电极中间层的存在是所制备电极性能提高的重要原因。阳极极化曲线扫描(LSV)的分析结果表明所制备的 Ti/SnO2电极具有较高的阳极析氧电位,有利于有机物的阳极氧化降解。     

Comparative study on the catalytic electrooxidative abilities of RuO(x)-PdO-TiO(2)/Ti and RuO(x)-PdO/Ti anode

Comparative study of the catalytic electrooxidative abilities of RuO(x)-PdO/Ti and RuO(x)-PdO-TiO(2)/Ti were conducted using Active Orange 5R solution as simulated wastewater. RuO(x)-PdO-TiO(2)/Ti anode possesses higher catalytic oxidation ability, as compared to RuO(x)-PdO/Ti, in both direct oxidation and indirect oxidation processes. RuO(x)-PdO-TiO(2)/Ti could provide a discoloration rate of 98.14% within 30 min, while the COD removal could reach 51.43% in 120 min. It was indicated that higher electrooxidation ability could be achieved at RuO(x)-PdO-TiO(2)/Ti anode, which exhibited lower chlorine evolution potential and higher oxygen evolution potential probably resulted from the higher oxidation states of Ru and Pd.     

MnOx/AC的制备及电催化氧化降解苯酚

采用活性炭还原KMnO4制备MnOx/AC催化剂,利用SEM、XPS对其进行表征。结果表明,Mn以MnO2的形式存在于活性炭表面。辊压成型法制成MnOx/AC电极,以所制MnOx/AC电极为阴极、Ti/RuO2电极为阳极,对苯酚废水进行电解氧化处理,研究了电流密度、电极间距离、初始pH值、电解质溶液浓度等因素对处理效果...     

钛基Co中间层SnO2电催化电极的制备及性能研究

为提高钛基二氧化锡电极的稳定性,设计并制备了含Co中间层的钛基二氧化锡电催化电极Ti/Co/SnO2,以苯酚为目标有机物,考察了所制备Ti/Co/SnO2电极电催化氧化降解苯酚的性能,并采用SEM、EDX以及XPS等检测方法分析了Ti/Co/SnO2电极表面的形貌、元素组成及元素化学态.研究结果表明,含有中间层的Ti/Co/SnO2电极其使用寿命较不含中间层的钛基二氧化锡电极Ti/SnO2大幅度提高,但其对苯酚的电催化降解活性有所下降,氧化还原电对Co2 /Co3 的存在是所制备Ti/Co/SnO2电极稳定性及电催化活性改变的主要原因.     

Electrochemical treatment of paper mill wastewater using three-dimensional electrodes with Ti/Co/SnO2-Sb2O5 anode

The properties of the interlayer and outer layer of Ti/Co/SnO2-Sb2O5 electrode were studied, and the electrochemical behavior was examined as well. As a result of unsatisfactory treatment using Ti/Co/SnO2-Sb2O5 electrode, electrochemical disposal of paper mill wastewater employing three-dimensional electrodes, combining active carbon granules serving as packed bed particle electrodes, with Ti/Co/SnO2-Sb2O5 anode, was performed. The outcome demonstrates that efficient degradation was achieved. The residual dimensionless chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration reached 0.137, and color removal 75% applying 167 mA cm(-2) current density at pH 11 and 15 g l(-1) NaCl. The instant current efficiency, energy cost, electrochemical oxidation index (EOI) and kinetic constant of the reaction were calculated. At the same time, the influence of pH and current density on COD abatement and decolorization was also investigated, respectively.     

CV和Tafel曲线对稀土掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb电极电催化性能研究

采用热分解法制备了稀土Dy、Nd、Eu及Gd掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb电极,以苯酚为目标有机物,研究了所制备电极降解有机物的性能.在500 mg/L苯酚溶液中进行了所制备电催化电极的循环伏安(CV)特性分析,研究发现4种稀土(Dy、Nd、Eu和Gd)掺杂电极中苯酚在Nd掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb(Ti/SnO2-Sb-Nd)电极上的直接氧化的峰电流最高,为4.46 mA/cm2.在0.5 mol/L的H2SO4溶液中进行了Tafel曲线测试,4种稀土掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb电极的析氧电位分别为2.293、2.313、2.277、2.263 V(vs.Ag/AgCl).结果表明,所制备的4种稀土掺杂电极降解苯酚的性能与采用CV和Tafel曲线方法分析的结果一致,可以采用电化学方法评价电极的电催化氧化性能.     

锡锑氧化物中间层对钛基阳极氧化MnO2电极性能的影响

将锡锑氧化物用作钛基MnO2电极的中间层可改善电极性能,目前在钛基锡锑氧化物中间层上多采用热分解法制备MnO2层制成电极,而很少采用电化学方法.为此,先在钛片上涂及SbOx + SnO2中间层,然后在其上在MnS04溶液中阳极氧化制备MnO2层,最终制成Ti/SbOX + Sn02/MnO2电极,通过暂态和稳态动电位极...     

Oxidation of the pesticide atrazine at DSA electrodes

This paper presents the study of the electrochemical oxidation of the pesticide atrazine at a Ti/Ru(0.3)Ti(0.7)O(2) dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). The effect of using different supporting electrolytes (NaCl, NaOH, NaNO(3), NaClO(4), H(2)SO(4) and Na(2)SO(4)) during the galvanostatic electrolysis of atrazine was investigated. It was observed that the removal of atrazine and total organic carbon (TOC) was only achieved at appreciable rates when NaCl was used as the supporting electrolyte, due to the oxidising species formed in this electrolyte (e.g. ClO(-)). Variation of the NaCl concentration demonstrated that, although only low concentrations of NaCl are necessary to result in the complete removal of atrazine in solution, TOC removal is almost linearly dependent on the quantity of NaCl in solution. Examination of the applied current density indicates that the efficiency of TOC removal reaches a maximum at 60 mA cm(-2). Testing of alternative electrode materials containing SnO(2) did not improve the efficiency of atrazine removal in Na(2)SO(4), but in NaCl a small increase was observed. Overall there appears to be no great advantage in using SnO(2)-containing electrodes over the Ti/Ru(0.3)Ti(0.7)O(2) electrode.     

Electrochemical treatment of anionic surfactants in synthetic wastewater with three-dimensional electrodes

The electrochemical oxidation of anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, DBS) contained in simulated wastewater treated by three-dimensional electrode system with combined modified kaolin served as packed bed particle electrodes and Ti/Co/SnO(2)-Sb(2)O(3) anode was studied, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of pollutants in the solutions was also investigated. The results showed that the three-dimensional electrodes in combined process could effectively decompose anionic surfactants. The COD removal efficiency can reach 86%, much higher than that of Ti/Co/SnO(2)-Sb(2)O(3) electrodes used singly or modified kaolin employed singly (graphite as anode and cathode) on the same condition of pH 3 and 38.1 mA/cm(2) current density. The current efficiency and kinetic constant were calculated and energy consumption was studied. At the same time the influence of pH and current density on COD removal efficiency with combined three-dimensional electrodes was also investigated, respectively. The optimal initial pH value of degradation is 3 (acid condition), and a minor COD removal increase follows higher current density.     

Device performance of ferroelectric/correlated oxide heterostructures for non-volatile memory applications

Ferroelectric field effect devices offer the possibility of non-volatile data storage. Attempts to integrate perovskite ferroelectric materials with silicon semiconductors, however, have been largely unsuccessful in creating non-volatile, nondestructive read memory elements because of difficulties in controlling the ferroelectric/semiconductor interface. Correlated oxide systems have been explored as alternative channel materials to form all-perovskite field effect devices. We examine a non-volatile memory using an electric-field-induced metal-insulator transition in PbZr(0.2)Ti(0.8)O(3)/La(1 - x)Sr(x)MnO(3) (PZT/LSMO), PZT/La(1 - x)Ca(x)MnO(3) (PZT/LCMO) and PZT/La(1 - x)Sr(x)CoO(3) (PZT/LSCO) devices. The performance of these devices in the areas of switching time and retention are discussed.     

(1-x)La2/3Ca 1/3 MnO 3/xSb2O 5复合体系的电子输运和磁电阻行为

用两步法制备了（1-x）La2／3Ca1／3MnO3／xSb2O5复合样品．零场下电阻温度关系测量表明，对x〈3％范围。随Sb2O5含量增加，复合样品电阻率增大，绝缘体一金属转变温度降低；而对x〉3％范围，随Sb2O5含量增加。复合样品电阻率减小，绝缘体一金属转变温度提高．磁电阻测量表明，少量Sb2O5同La,2／3C＆1／3MnO3复合，可明显增强磁电阻效应．     

Ti／RuO2＋SnO2＋Sb2O3｜Pb3O4阳极的性能研究

本文对Ｔｉ│ＲｕＯ２＋ＳｎＯ２＋Ｓｂ２Ｏ３│Ｐｂ３Ｏ４阳极进行了ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＳ、ＸＲＤ研究，考察了在ＩＭＨ２ＳＯ４中电极寿命，测定了该电极的电化学动力学参数ａ、ｂ、ｉ０，并用双位垒模型讨论了其电化学性能，结果表明该电极具有优良的电化学性能和较长的使用寿命。