西瓜皮法乳酸发酵饮料的研究

研究了以西瓜皮为原料,生产具有西瓜风味的乳酸菌发酵饮料的工艺过程.通过正交实验确定最佳发酵条件为西瓜皮汁90%,牛乳10%,白砂糖6%,发酵剂5%,发酵液pH6.5,在42℃的温度下发酵36h.     

Rheological behaviour of emulsions of avocado and watermelon oils during storage

Rheological properties of emulsions made out of avocado pulp and watermelon seed oils with whey protein concentrate were determined during different storage periods. The oils, as well as the emulsions behaved like non-Newtonian liquids, having shear-thinning characteristics. Both oils showed moderate shear-thinning characteristics as the flow behaviour indices were between 0.86 and 0.88. The shear-rate/shear-stress data could be adequately fitted (r = 0.997–0.999) to a common rheological equation, e.g. the power-law model. Avocado pulp oil was markedly more viscous than was watermelon seed oil which was also evident from the higher apparent viscosity and consistency index values.     

Effects of rind removal on physicochemical quality characteristics of fresh‐cut watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum & Nakai] during cold storage

The impact of removing the rind from fresh‐cut watermelon slices was assessed on the quality of the product during storage at 4 °C for 9 days. Flesh lycopene declined from 55.4 to 47.9 mg kg^?1 f.w. and colour lightness (L*) increased from 43.2 to 45.8 after 2 days of storage. Initial heart and placental flesh firmness increased from 7.3 and 9.8 N, respectively, to 9.5 and 12.8 N after 9 days, but were unaffected by rind processing. Electrolyte leakage from placental tissue was unaffected by storage and rind. Rind presence limited juice run‐off by 47.2% and maintained mean total soluble sugar concentration in the slices at 86.0 mg mL^?1 as opposed to 76.8 mg mL^?1 in rind‐less slices. Change in the quality was most pronounced between 0 and 2 day of storage. Removing the rind accelerated senescence and off‐flavour production, while the presence of rind improved the overall storage stability of fresh‐cut watermelon slices.     

Study on quality characteristics of camel burger and evaluating its stability during frozen storage

This study investigated the influence of replacing One-humped camel meat instead of cow meat (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %) on quality characteristics and frozen storage stability in burgers. For this purpose thiobarbituric acid test (TBA-RS), cooking characteristics, color parameters, texture and sensory properties were studied during 3 months at ?18 °C. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the moisture retention, diameter reduction, sensory properties, lightness, yellowness and springiness. Cooking yield, TBA-RS, fat retention, cohesiveness, flavor and texture showed significant differences (p < 0.05) through storage. Other evaluated properties of burgers showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in various levels of camel meat and over storage term. Moisture retention of burgers increased with increasing of camel meat content. The sensory panel scores for flavor, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability increased but color scores decreased with increasing the level of camel meat. Cooking yield, fat retention and cohesiveness decreased by increasing the storage period.     

食用油使用过程中存贮条件对其氧化稳定性的影响研究

研究了大豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油等几种食用油在使用过程中不同存贮条件下的氧化稳定性。将食用油启封,放置在不同的环境里,检测其过氧化值和酸值的变化。结果表明:避光存贮31 d,食用油的过氧化值均低于8 mmol/kg,酸值(KOH)达到0.26~0.35 mg/g;而在室内日光直接照射的条件下存贮31 d,各食用油的过氧化值均高于10 mmol/kg,酸值(KOH)达到0.35~0.45 mg/g。实验表明,启封后的食用油,存贮于避光处可以连续使用30 d以上,而置于室内日光直接照射条件下,其连续使用期只有3周。对比实验中,棕榈油氧化稳定性优于其他油脂。     

银杏汁储藏过程中的稳定性研究

对同一批次的银杏汁,选择四种不同的储藏条件。在这四种条件下研究银杏汁储藏稳定性,主要包括色泽稳定性和悬浮稳定性。实验结果表明,影响色泽稳定性的主要因素是光照条件,温度的高低对色泽影响不大;储藏温度是影响银杏汁悬浮稳定性的主要因素。     

Anthocyanin pattern of Tempranillo wines during ageing in oak barrels and storage in stainless-steel tanks

The anthocyanin fingerprint of Tempranillo wines made with grapes from two different vineyards of Rioja Alta has been studied by high-performance liquid chroatography during their ageing in oak barrels and their storage in stainless-steel tanks. The data were submitted to multifactorial analysis of variance, taking into account several factors: vineyard, age of wines, type of wine (free run wine and a coupage of free run wine and press wine), and type of container (oak barrels or stainless-steel tanks). The results indicate that both the length of ageing or storage and the vineyard where the grapes were grown affect the anthocyanin fingerprint of wines. The effect of the other two factors (type of wine and type of container) on the anthocyanin fingerprint of wines was quite low, despite the differences observed in several spectrophotometric parameters related to colour and phenolics.     

Oxidative stability of whole wheat bread during storage

The oxidative stability was examined in whole wheat bread packed in modified atmosphere (nitrogen) using vacuum grade plastic bags and stored for up to 5 weeks. Small, but significant, differences in oxidative stability developed with time for whole wheat bread crumb and crust. The samples were evaluated by direct electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy for detection of free radicals, peroxide value (POV), overall antioxidative capacity using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, and by the content of tocopherols as determined by HPLC. The overall antioxidative capacity was reduced during storage with an accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides peaking after 2-3 weeks of storage. Bread crust was generally found to be more oxidative stable when compared to crumb. Quality of bread with extended shelf life may accordingly be improved minimising oxidation.     

啤酒贮存过程中风味稳定性的研究

以青岛啤酒为样本,研究热力灭菌、贮存温度、溶解氧及添加氨基胍对啤酒风味稳定性的影响。结果表明,热力灭菌对啤酒的风味稳定性影响较小;贮存温度和溶解氧明显影响啤酒中5-羟甲基糠醛、B峰、史垂克醛类、TBN、DPPH还原力、色度等风味稳定性指标的浓度;啤酒中添加氨基胍能明显降低5-羟甲基糠醛、双乙酰、2,3-戊二酮等羰基化合物的含量,提高啤酒的风味稳定性。     

益生菌冻干保护剂优化及菌粉保存稳定性研究

以嗜酸乳杆菌KLDS AD1和KLDS AD2和双歧杆菌KLDS 2.0604为研究对象,研究冻干保护剂脱脂乳、蔗糖、海藻糖、葡聚糖和Vc钠盐对各菌株冻干存活率的影响,通过单因素、正交实验筛选出优化组合,得出冻干存活率均在87.81%以上。并研究采用优化后的冻干保护剂制备的各菌粉在4℃和25℃下的保存稳定性。保存稳定性实验表明:3株益生菌菌粉在4℃和25℃下保存12个月后,菌粉的活菌数最多下降2个数量级,其活菌数均在1.0×108cfu/g以上。     

水稻中嘧草醚顺反异构体的检测及储藏稳定性

目的 确认水稻（糙米、谷壳、秸秆）样品中嘧草醚顺反异构体(E)-嘧草醚和(Z)-嘧草醚残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric,UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法,并对分别添加(E)-嘧草醚和(Z)-嘧草醚的低温储藏水稻样品（糙米、谷壳、秸秆）进行分析,考察嘧草醚顺反异构体在水稻中的储藏稳定性。方法样品经乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine,PSA)净化,上清液过膜后进行超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果本方法在0.0001-0.05 mg/L范围内线性响应良好（r≥0.9995）。在0.010、0.10和1.0 mg/kg添加水平下,(E)-嘧草醚和(Z)-嘧草醚的平均回收率分别为95.1%-109%和96.4%-110%,相对标准偏差均小于7.12%(n=5),方法定量限为0.010 mg/kg。糙米、谷壳和水稻秸秆样品在-18℃储藏条件下(E)-嘧草醚和(Z)-嘧草醚的平均降解率均小于30%。结论-18℃条件下(E)-嘧草醚和(Z)-嘧草醚在水稻（糙米、谷壳、秸秆）样品中的储藏稳定期至少为182 d。     

Pigment and colour stability of frozen kiwi-fruit slices during prolonged storage

Changes in major pigment constituents of frozen kiwi-fruit slices during prolonged storage at –18° C and correlation with colour measurements (Hunter Lab parameters) were studied. Kiwi-fruit cultivars (Hayward, Bruno, Monty and Abbot) were processed without previous treatment and vacuum packed after freezing. HPLC using a diode array detector was used to individually quantify and identify the three major pigment components (xanthophylls, chlorophylls and derivatives and-carotene). The colour of fresh and frozen slices by Hunter Color values were correlated with each class of pigment compounds. An apparent first order degradation rate was found for total chlorophylls and xanthophylls. Hayward and Bruno were more suitable for prolonged freezing preservation in terms of colour deterioration.

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Haltbarkeit von Pigment und Farbe gefrorener Kiwifrucht-Scheiben während langer Lagerung

Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Veränderungen der meisten Pigmentbestandteile gefrorener Kiwifrucht-Scheiben während langer Lagerzeit bei –18°C und die Korrelation mit Farbmessungen studiert. Kiwifrüchte der Sorten Hayward, Bruno, Monty und Abbot wurden ohne vorherige Behandlung unter Vakuum direkt nach dem Gefrierprozeß verpackt. Mit HPLC wurde quantitativ gemessen und die drei Pigmentbestandteile Xanthophyll, Chlorophyll und-Carotin identifiziert. Die Farbe der frischen, gefrorenen Scheiben (Hunter-Farb-Werte) korrelierte mit jedem der Pigmentbestandteile. Ein Verlust, scheinbar erster Ordnung, wurde für Chlorophyll und Xantophyll bei den Sorten Hayward und Bruno beobachtet, jedoch sind sie für das Gefrieren bei langer Lagerzeit trotz Farbverlust geeignet.

     

Chemical and microbial stability of high moisture dried apricots during storage

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine the chemical and microbial stability of high moisture (HM) dried apricots during storage at 5, 20 and 30 °C for a period of 8 months. HM dried apricots were obtained by rehydrating dried apricots in ‘water’ and ‘water + H₂O₂’. RESULTS: Analysis of kinetic data suggested first‐order models for loss of SO₂ and non‐enzymatic browning reactions. Higher storage temperatures increased the rate of SO₂ loss and formation of brown colour in HM dried apricots. Results from extensive colour measurements (non‐enzymatic browning, reflectance colour and β‐carotene) revealed that the colour of HM dried apricots stored at 5 °C was almost unchanged during 8 months of storage. The colour of samples stored at 30 °C was unacceptable starting from 2 months of storage. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts decreased 0.7, 1.1 and 1.5 log cycles after 8 months of storage at 5, 20 and 30 °C, respectively. For the same storage period, the decrease in mesophilic bacteria was 0.62 log cycle in samples rehydrated in ‘water + H₂O₂’ and stored at 20 °C. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HM dried apricots should be stored at temperatures lower than 20 °C to preserve the characteristic golden yellow colour. A relatively low level of SO₂ (1458 mg kg^?1 at 200 g kg^?1 moisture level) was sufficient to prevent the growth of spoilage organisms in HM dried apricots at all three storage temperatures. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Quality and microbial stability of partially baked bread during refrigerated storage

Partially baked bread was prepared and stored at 1 °C or 7 °C for 28 days. Periodically, this product was subjected to moisture, hardness, and microbiological analyses. After storage, the baking process of part-baked bread was completed and product evaluated according to microbiological, physical, and sensorial tests, as well as hardness analysis. Part-baked breads stored at 7 °C showed mold growth at day ninth, while the product stored at 1 °C did not show mold growth through 28 days. The full-baked bread obtained from part-baked samples stored at 1 °C showed higher values of hardness and change in crumb hardness, and lower sensorial quality than bread from part-baked samples stored at 7 °C. Moisture content, specific volume, and width/height ratio in the full-baked bread were not affected by storage time and temperature.     

Quality and storage stability of extruded puffed corn-fish snacks during 6-month storage at ambient temperature

BACKGROUND: Cereal‐based snacks are usually low in protein and other nutrients. Increased health awareness of consumers has led the food industry to develop fortified snacks with functional ingredients. Three types of extruded corn‐fish snacks, containing 150 g kg^?1 carp mince and 150 g kg^?1 trout mince, 30 g kg^?1 freeze‐dried saithe protein and a regular corn snack (control). were produced to study quality changes and storage stability of the products during 6‐month storage at 27 ± 2 °C. RESULTS: All products had the same level of water activity and proximate composition except for protein. Fortified snacks had a protein content of 93–98 g kg^?1, compared with 65 g kg^?1 in the control. A significant increase was observed for peroxide value during storage (0.0 to 2.8 meq kg^?1). Scores for attributes describing oxidation and off odors and flavors increased after 5–6 months' storage but attributes describing puffed corn snack odor and flavor did not change during storage of any of the products. CONCLUSION: Extrusion of corn grits with fish flesh/fish protein can be used to produce high‐protein products that would be an option to provide nutrient snacks for consumers and to increase fish consumption. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

联苯肼酯及其代谢物在草莓中的残留消解及储藏稳定性

目的 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)测定草莓样品中联苯肼酯及其代谢物联苯肼酯二氮烯残留,评价联苯肼酯及其代谢物在草莓中的残留消解和储藏稳定性.方法 实验样品用乙腈提取...     

Effect of chitooligosaccharide from squid pen on gel properties of sardine surimi gel and its stability during refrigerated storage

Effect of chitooligosaccharide from squid pen prepared using lipase (COS-L) at various concentrations (0–30 g kg⁻¹) on gel properties of sardine surimi gel was investigated. Breaking force (BF) and deformation (DF) of gel were increased, when COS-L level was increased up to 10 g kg⁻¹ (P < 0.05). Water holding capacity and whiteness of gel were improved with the addition of COS-L than those of control. Gel added with 10 g kg⁻¹ COS-L had denser network with higher likeness score for all sensory attributes, compared to control. When gel incorporated with 10 g kg⁻¹ COS-L was stored at 4 °C, BF, DF and whiteness were maintained during 10 days of storage. Textural properties of surimi gel added with COS-L were higher than those of control throughout storage. Thus, incorporation of 10 g kg⁻¹ COS-L could improve gel properties of sardine surimi gel and retarded the deterioration of gel properties during refrigerated storage.