磁组装薄膜材料的结构及磁各向异性研究

在近平行方向磁场作用下,制备出有序平行线形阵列结构的纳米Fe3O4/氟碳树脂磁组装薄膜材料。利用偏光显微镜和紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计(UVPC)研究不同场强条件以及不同粉体含量对薄膜内部阵列结构的影响;采用振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究不同条件下磁组装薄膜的磁各向异性。结果表明:随着磁场强度增加,阵列变得越来越密集,随着Fe3O4含量的增加,线形阵列逐渐变粗;磁组装薄膜具有明显的磁各向异性,且随着磁场强度增加以及粉体的减少其等效磁各向异性常数逐渐增大。     

Magnetically induced abnormal grain growth in pure nickel

The evolution of the microstructure of cold-rolled pure Ni during annealing at 300–800°C for 120?min with and without a high magnetic field of 10?T was investigated. When the direction of the field was either parallel or perpendicular to the sample rolling direction (RD), the average grain size of the cube grains decreased, and abnormally grown grains with random orientation were observed. The migration of different kinds of grain boundaries, including Cube–Cube (C–C) grain boundaries, Cube–Non-cube (C–N) grain boundaries, and Cube–Abnormal (C–A) grain boundaries, was also investigated. The driving force produced by the magnetic field accelerated the migration of C–A grain boundaries, which reasonably explained the formation of abnormal growth.     

强磁场下金属凝固研究进展

强磁场下金属凝固研究是一个新开辟的研究方向,有着广阔的前景。叙述了强磁场的基本效应,综述了强磁场下金属凝固的研究进展。重点介绍了磁场对凝固动力学、固/液界面稳定性、单相合金生长、共晶生长、热电磁流动及其作用、第二相颗粒运动的影响等方面的研究工作。指出了需要进一步研究的主要问题,以及所需的相关物理参数。     

Migration of specific planar grain boundaries in bicrystals: application of magnetic fields and mechanical stresses

Recent research on the dynamics of planar grain boundaries is reviewed. Novel measuring techniques developed for in situ observation and recording of magnetically and stress driven grain boundary migration are presented. The results of migration measurements obtained on bismuth, zinc and aluminum bicrystals are addressed. The experiments revealed that the inclination of a 〈112〉 tilt boundary in Bi has a very strong influence on its mobility. The migration of planar tilt grain boundaries with different misorientation angles was measured in situ in bicrystals of high purity zinc. The results proved that there is a pronounced misorientation dependence of grain boundary mobility in the investigated angular range. The shear stress induced migration of planar symmetric 〈100〉 tilt boundaries in aluminum bicrystals was observed to be accompanied by a lateral translation of the adjacent grains. The coupling between boundary motion and shearing is not confined to low angle and some low Σ high angle boundaries, but occurs also for non-coincidence high angle 〈100〉 tilt boundaries. It has been found that also for stress induced grain boundary motion there is a misorientation dependence of the migration activation parameters. Lower values of the activation enthalpy and the pre-exponential mobility factor can be associated with boundaries with tilt angles close to low Σ CSL orientation relationships.     

SPS界面反应增强机制调控的软磁复合材料磁性能和电阻率

设计软磁复合材料(SMCs)的绝缘层要兼顾软磁性能和电阻率。本研究以Fe/Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄复合体系为例, 研究界面MnO₂氧化剂对样品软磁性能和电阻率的影响, 揭示提高软磁性能和电阻率的SMCs界面放电等离子烧结(SPS)氧化还原机制。采用球磨法制备添加0、0.1wt%、0.3wt%、0.5wt%和1.0wt% MnO₂的核壳结构Fe@Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄(MnO₂)复合粉末, 随后SPS烧结制备Fe/Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄(MnO₂)块体SMCs样品, 通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)表征该样品的结构特征, 用精密电阻测试仪和振动样品磁强计测试该样品的电阻率和磁性能。研究发现, 添加0.5wt% MnO₂的Fe/Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄(MnO₂)块体SMCs样品比未添加样品电阻率提高33.7%、饱和磁化强度提高6.9%。研究结果表明, SPS烧结增强SMCs界面快速氧化还原反应, MnO₂氧化剂的添加使界面铁氧体离子浓度变化, 降低了B位电子跃迁频率, 提高有效波尔磁子数及B-B磁超交换作用, 表现出同时提高SMCs的软磁性能和电阻率的多重效应。     

Giant Enhancements of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and Spin‐Orbit Torque by a MoS2 Layer

2D transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted much attention in the field of spintronics due to their rich spin‐dependent properties. The promise of highly compact and low‐energy‐consumption spin‐orbit torque (SOT) devices motivates the search for structures and materials that can satisfy the requirements of giant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and large SOT simultaneously in SOT‐based magnetic memory. Here, it is demonstrated that PMA and SOT in a heavy metal/transition metal ferromagnet structure, Pt/[Co/Ni]₂, can be greatly enhanced by introducing a molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) underlayer. According to first‐principles calculation and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), the enhancement of the PMA is ascribed to the modification of the orbital hybridization at the interface of Pt/Co due to MoS₂. The enhancement of SOT by the role played by MoS₂ is explained, which is strongly supported by the identical behavior of SOT and PMA as a function of Pt thickness. This work provides new possibilities to integrate 2D materials into promising spintronics devices.     

La和Nb共掺提高BiFeO3的磁学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法成功制备了Bi_(1-x)La_xFe_(0.99)Nb_(0.01)O_3(x≤0.25)纳米颗粒样品,并研究了La和Nb共掺对BiFeO_3样品的晶体结构、晶粒尺寸和磁学性质的影响。根据X射线衍射及Rietveld精修结果可知,所有样品都保持R3c空间结构,且Fe-OFe键角随着La掺杂量的增加而减小。XPS测试结果表明,La和少量Nb共掺不会引起样品中Fe~(3+)和Fe~(2+)含量的明显变化。磁性测量发现剩余磁化强度强烈依赖于La掺杂量x。La掺杂影响着反向旋转的FeO_6八面体结构变化,而Nb离子掺杂会导致样品晶粒细化。共掺BiFeO_3的磁性增强是两种影响机制协同作用的结果。     

汽轮发电机转子磁拉力对弯曲振动的影响

探讨了采用预应力法求解发电机转子磁拉力与弯曲振动问题的可行性，导出了有关的计算公式。采用强应力法在ANSYS平台上进行了计算，自编有限元程序对结果作了验证。     

Enhancement of the Magnetic Coupling in Exfoliated CrCl3 Crystals Observed by Low-Temperature Magnetic Force Microscopy and X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism

Magnetic crystals formed by 2D layers interacting by weak van der Waals forces are currently a hot research topic. When these crystals are thinned to nanometric size, they can manifest strikingly different magnetic behavior compared to the bulk form. This can be the result of, for example, quantum electronic confinement effects, the presence of defects, or pinning of the crystallographic structure in metastable phases induced by the exfoliation process. In this work, an investigation of the magnetism of micromechanically cleaved CrCl₃ flakes with thickness >10 nm is performed. These flakes are characterized by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, surface-sensitive X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and spatially resolved magnetic force microscopy. The results highlight an enhancement of the CrCl₃ antiferromagnetic interlayer interaction that appears to be independent of the flake size when the thickness is tens of nanometers. The estimated exchange field is 9 kOe, representing an increase of ≈900% compared to the one of the bulk crystals. This effect can be attributed to the pinning of the high-temperature monoclinic structure, as recently suggested by polarized Raman spectroscopy investigations in thin (8–35 nm) CrCl₃ flakes.     

Direct Magnetic Patterning due to the Generation of Ferromagnetism by Selective Ion Irradiation of Paramagnetic FeAl Alloys

Sub‐100‐nm magnetic dots embedded in a non‐magnetic matrix are controllably generated by selective ion irradiation of paramagnetic Fe₆₀Al₄₀ (atomic %) alloys, taking advantage of the disorder‐induced magnetism in this material. The process is demonstrated by sequential focused ion beam irradiation and by in‐parallel broad‐beam ion irradiation through lithographed masks. Due to the low fluences used, this method results in practically no alteration of the surface roughness. The dots exhibit a range of magnetic properties depending on the size and shape of the structures, with the smallest dots (<100 nm) having square hysteresis loops with coercivities in excess of µ₀H_C = 50 mT. Importantly, the patterning can be fully removed by annealing. The combination of properties induced by the direct magnetic patterning is appealing for a wide range of applications, such as patterned media, magnetic separators, or sensors.     

Prediction of fatigue crack growth under constant amplitude loading and a single overload based on elasto-plastic crack tip stresses and strains

It is generally accepted that the fatigue crack growth (FCG) depends mainly on the stress intensity factor range (ΔK) and the maximum stress intensity factor (K_max). The two parameters are usually combined into one expression called often as the driving force and many various driving forces have been proposed up to date. The driving force can be successful as long as the stress intensity factors are appropriately correlated with the actual elasto-plastic crack tip stress-strain field. However, the correlation between the stress intensity factors and the crack tip stress-strain field is often influenced by residual stresses induced in due course.A two-parameter (ΔK_tot, K_max,tot) driving force based on the elasto-plastic crack tip stress-strain history has been proposed. The applied stress intensity factors (ΔK_appl, K_max,appl) were modified to the total stress intensity factors (ΔK_tot, K_max,tot) in order to account for the effect of the local crack tip stresses and strains on fatigue crack growth. The FCG was predicted by simulating the stress-strain response in the material volume adjacent to the crack tip and estimating the accumulated fatigue damage. The fatigue crack growth was regarded as a process of successive crack re-initiations in the crack tip region. The model was developed to predict the effect of the mean and residual stresses induced by the cyclic loading. The effect of variable amplitude loadings on FCG can be also quantified on the basis of the proposed model. A two-parameter driving force in the form of: was derived based on the local stresses and strains at the crack tip and the Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) fatigue damage parameter: D = σ_maxΔε/2. The effect of the internal (residual) stress induced by the reversed cyclic plasticity manifested itself in the change of the resultant (total) stress intensity factors controlling the fatigue crack growth.The model was verified using experimental fatigue crack growth data for aluminum alloy 7075-T6 obtained under constant amplitude loading and a single overload.     

Levitation Force between a Horizontally Oriented Point Magnetic Dipole and a Superconducting Sphere

The magnetic interaction between a point dipole of horizontally oriented moment and a superconducting sphere in the complete Meissner state is investigated in detail. It is demonstrated that the levitation force for this configuration is precisely one half the value of the configuration with vertically oriented point dipole. An extension to other applied fields, still assuming the perfect flux exclusion state, is presented. The results have application to models for magnetic levitation and magnetic force microscopy.     

磁诱导下氧化亚铜晶体的制备及表征

在恒定磁场的诱导下，恒电流电沉积制备了氧化亚铜（Cu2O）晶体。X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）的测定结果表明，电沉积制备的氧化亚铜（Cu2O）为纯净、立方晶系的Cu2O晶体；扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析结果表明，有无磁场电沉积时，氧化亚铜均表现为多面体聚集，但电结晶行为表现不同，在磁诱导下Cu2O电结晶径向生长的速率明显优于轴向生长，并出现孔洞现象。     

Levitation Force Between a Point Magnetic Dipole and Superconducting Sphere

The magnetic interaction between a point dipole and a superconducting sphere in the Meissner state is investigated in detail. It is demonstrated that the special case of perfect flux exclusion can be solved by the method of images when the dipole is vertically magnetized. The incorporation of a nonzero penetration depth is then made by developing the solution within London theory. The analytic solution, given in terms of an infinite series representation, is refined by exactly summing the perfectly diamagnetic response. Throughout, special cases of physical interest are discussed and applications to magnetic force microscopy and levitation are described.     

Wave Propagation Model in a Human Long Poroelastic Bone under Effect of Magnetic Field and Rotation

This article is aimed at describing the way rotation and magnetic field affect the propagation of waves in an infinite poroelastic cylindrical bone. It offers a solution with an exact closed form. The authors got and examined numerically the general frequency equation for poroelastic bone. Moreover, they calculated the frequencies of poroelastic bone for different values of the magnetic field and rotation. Unlike the results of previous studies, the authors noticed little frequency dispersion in the wet bone. The proposed model will be applicable to wide-range parametric projects of bone mechanical response. Examining the vibration of surface waves in rotating cylindrical, long human bones under the magnetic field can have an impact. The findings of the study are offered in graphs. Then, a comparison with the results of the literature is conducted to show the effect of rotation and magnetic field on the wave propagation phenomenon. It is worth noting that the results of the study highly match those of the literature.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米SrBi2Ta2O9的晶化过程和晶粒长大研究

以乙二醇为溶剂，醋酸为催化剂，部分无机盐代替醇盐的溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了不同平均晶粒尺寸的纯SrBi2Ta2O9(SBT)纳米粉末，晶相粉末晶粒大小为4—70nm．用XRD、TG．DTA、TEM系统研究了SBT纳米相的形成过程．通过改变干凝胶的热处理温度和热处理时间，研究了温度与时间参数对SBT晶粒长大的影响规律．研究表明，碳的燃烧和二氧化碳的蒸发对纳米团簇的长大具有一定的阻碍作用．SBT相的晶化行为分为金属．氧团簇向玻璃态转变和玻璃态到晶态的转变过程，玻璃态到晶态的转变温度区间为500—550℃．两个过程的长大激活能分别为：Ea1=0．709eV，Ea2=0．093eV．温度是晶粒长大的主要因素，热处理时间对晶粒长大影响不明显．