Sea trial of submarine optical amplifier repeater system using travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier

An optical amplifier repeater system consisting of semiconductor laser amplifiers was evaluated in 3000 m deep sea at 820 Mbit/s in the 1.5 mu m wavelength region using 23.5 km of optical submarine cable. The repeater output power was stabilised by an APC system monitoring amplified optical signal power. The authors confirmed stable digital signal transmission and the reduction of variation in the repeater output power for changes in the polarisation of the input signal.<>     

放大器噪声对色散管理光孤子传输的影响

采用变分法讨论了放大器噪声对色散管理光孤子脉冲参数的影响。讨论了ASE噪声对脉冲相位、脉冲中心时间和中心频率的影响，并且对比讨论了采用密集色散管理系统和降低平均色散值后，ASE噪声对脉冲的影响，结果表明：密集色散管理孤子系统和平均色散接近于零的色散管理系统更有利于降低放大器噪声对脉冲的扰动。     

WDM upgrading of an installed submarine optical amplifier system

This paper describes the WDM upgrading of a submarine optical amplifier system installed for single-channel transmission in commercial use. The key technologies used include 10-Gb/s high-speed forward error correction, preemphasis to overcome the optical passband-width constraint, optimized signal pulse format that leads to partial return-to-zero (PRZ) signaling, and dispersion compensation to suppress the degradation caused by fiber nonlinearity and dispersion. It also reports field experimental results on upgraded system performance. The results confirm that simply upgrading the terminal equipment allows the transmission capacity of a submersed line consisting of submarine repeaters and cables to be flexibly increased from 10 Gb/s to 40 Gb/s per fiber pair     

光放大器对空间量子通信系统性能的改进

为提升自由空间量子通信系统性能,以相敏放大器(PSA)和相位非敏感放大器(PIA)原理为基础,研究了在量子通信系统接收端分别加入PSA、PIA后的高斯调制连续变量量子密钥分发(CVQKD)模型,推导了相应的安全密钥率公式.当信号波长分别为810 nm、1550 nm和3800 nm时,仿真分析了系统受到集体攻击和个体攻...     

High-gain polarization-insensitive optical amplifier

A polarization-insensitive optical amplifier (PIOA) consisting of two serial semiconductor laser amplifiers (SLAs) is studied theoretically and experimentally. A polarization-insensitive isolator (PII) inserted between the two SLAs serves not only to eliminate the coupling cavity, but also to rotate any polarized forward light by 90°. Experimental results show a maximum fiber-to-fiber gain of 29 dB. PIOA gain deviation for the input polarization launch angle is just 0.6 dB compared to an original value of 5-6 dB in a single SLA. A theoretical analysis shows that it is necessary to achieve a PII rotation design error of less than 0.5° in order to suppress deviation below 0.1 dB. PIOA noise figure deviation, for the input signal polarization launch angle, was only 0.1 dB from both the experimental and theoretical results even though there was a rotation error of 2°     

Polarisation-independent configuration optical amplifier

A new polarisation independent semiconductor laser amplifier is presented. By using a regular semiconductor amplifier in a double pass configuration, polarisation independent gain is achieved. Experiments demonstrate a reduction in the gain difference between TE and TM waves from 4 dB to 0.2 dB     

Two-stage high-gain optical amplifier

A two-stage semiconductor optical amplifier is discussed. Net fiber-to-fiber gains as high as 36.5 dB have been achieved. When used in a fiber-optic transmission system, using a commercial 1.7 Gb/s regenerator, the fiber span between transmitter and regenerator is increased to 151 km and 1.3 μm wavelength. With a 1.55 μm two-stage amplifier, a transmission distance of 180 km at 3.4 Gb/s is demonstrated     

First field demonstration of optical submarine cable system using LD-pumped Er-doped optical fibre amplifier

The authors report on the first field demonstration of an optical submarine cable system using an in-line Er-doped optical fibre amplifier pumped by a 1.47 mu m laser diode. The experiment was performed at an ocean depth of 3000 m. With a maximum optical repeater gain of 20 dB, 1.2 Gbit/s intensity-modulated optical signals were transmitted stably during and after installation and also during recovery of the system. Furthermore, the effectiveness of an automatic-gain-control (AGC) scheme proposed for optical amplifiers was confirmed in a practical environment.<>     

Measurement of semiconductor laser amplifier noise figure in coherent optical transmission system

Reports the first detailed investigation of the effect of semiconductor laser amplifier noise figure on the sensitivity of a heterodyne receiver. Independent measurement of the amplifier spontaneous noise spectral density confirms that local oscillator-spontaneous emission beat noise accounts for all of the observed penalty.<>     

A flexible receiver with fiber optical parametric amplifier in OCDMA-FSO communication system

A new receiver is proposed, which uses the fiber optical parametric amplifier（FOPA） in optical code division multiple access（OCDMA） over free space optic（FSO） communication system. The noise tolerance as the performance index in this receiver is derived. The receiver can not only improve the noise tolerance but also change the pump data conveniently for adapting to the length variation of the coding sequence under a complex and fast-changing weather condition. The influence of different factors on the noise tolerance is analyzed, and a significant improvement of about 18.77 d B for the noise tolerance can be achieved when the pump power and the length of coding sequence are 5 W and 256, respectively.     

Low detection penalty in an optical DPSK heterodyne system using asaturated optical amplifier as phase modulator

A model established from the rate equations of a near traveling-wave optical amplifier (NTWOA) used as a phase modulator shows that the modulation rate is limited by the carrier lifetime to 500 Mb/s and that the worst-case detection penalty is about 0.7 dB. It is then experimentally demonstrated that close control of the injected light polarization can reduce the detection penalty in a DPSK (differential phase-shift keying) heterodyne system, using an NTWOA phase modulator instead of an LiNbO₃ modulator, to 0.6 dB. This device and a balance receiver have allowed the implementation of 282-Mb/s DPSK link operating at 1.522 μm over 242 km of fiber with a 3-dB margin     

Coherent optical tapping using semiconductor optical amplifier

Semiconductor optical amplifiers are attractive not only as optical repeaters but also as functional devices, since carrier density modulation in amplifiers causes a nonlinear phenomenon. Utilizing the effect of the carrier density modulation on the semiconductor optical amplifier junction voltage, a coherent optical tapping is proposed for signal monitoring or control signal extraction. A 155 Mb/s FSK (frequency shift keying) signal tapping was realized with a simple configuration using heterodyne single-filter detection with -24.4 dBm sensitivity. Many applications for this coherent optical tapping are discussed, and basic characteristics for frequency-selective tapping from FDM (frequency division multiplexing) signals and optical amplifier gain control are examined     

Cross-phase modulation in semiconductor optical amplifier

Cross-phase modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier is demonstrated by using copropagating pump and probe pulse trains of different wavelengths. The relative time delay between the pump and probe pulses was varied and the effect on the spectral distortion is described.<>     

光放大器技术的比较

光放大器技术是新一代光纤通信系统中一项必不可少的关键技术。介绍了放大器技术的基本原理，并对现有主要几种放大器技术在工作原理、性能、应用和发展方向上进行了比较。     

飞秒染料激光放大器

本文用重复率为10Hz、调Q、Nd∶YAG激光器的二倍频输出泵浦四级染料放大器,把从对撞脉冲锁模(CPM)环形染料激光器中产生的43fs的光脉冲能量放大到100μJ,脉冲宽度为125fs,峰值功率为800MW,在用一组四棱镜系统对放大的光脉冲进行群速度色散补偿以后,得到了宽度为70fs的放大光脉冲输出,峰值功率达GW。     

High-output-power polarization-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier

A high-output-power 1550 nm polarization-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) was developed for use as a compact in-line optical amplifier. A very thin tensile-strained bulk structure was used for the active layer and active width-tapered spot-size converters (SSCs) were integrated on both input and output sides. The SOA module exhibited a high saturation output power of +17 dBm together with a low noise figure of 7 dB, large gain of 19 dB, and low polarization sensitivity of 0.2 dB for optical signals of 1550 nm wavelength. For the amplification of optical signals modulated at 10 Gb/s in the nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format, a good eye pattern without waveform distortion due to the pattern effect was obtained at an average output power of up to +12 dBm. Additionally, good amplification characteristics were demonstrated for the signal wavelength range corresponding to the C-band.     

Theory of optical amplifier chains

An analytical theory of the dynamical behavior of erbium-doped amplifier (EDFA) chains is developed. A simple and detailed physical picture is presented, explaining the speeding up and the appearance of overshoots in the transient response. The speed of the transients is shown to be proportional to the number of the amplifiers in the chain     

Dispersion-compensator incorporated optical fiber amplifier

An optical fiber amplifier incorporating a dispersion compensator such as a dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) is proposed and examined theoretically and experimentally. The new amplifier requires only a single pump laser. In the experiment a 0.98-μm laser diode was used and the pump power was 50 mW. By utilizing remnant pump power, the amplifier can halve the loss effect of the compensator and double the apparent figure of merit of the DCF (ps/nm/dB). The noise figure of the new amplifier is not affected by inserting the DCP. A low-noise figure of 5 dB was obtained over a wide input-power range of -40 to -10 dBm     

A low-crosstalk semiconductor optical amplifier

A new type of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) that can have a very low-channel crosstalk is proposed and demonstrated. By arranging the order of the gain materials with different saturation power, the SOA crosstalk is greatly reduced. This new type of SOA can be an ideal gain material for wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) amplification and integration in the access and metro environment.