基于精化的可信执行环境内存隔离机制验证

可信执行环境(trusted execution environment, TEE)基于硬件隔离机制,为安全敏感应用提供隔离的执行环境,保护敏感数据的安全性.内存隔离机制是TEE的关键机制之一,用于对安全内存和非安全内存进行隔离,并对安全内存实施访问控制,如果其安全性不能保证,可能造成存储在安全内存中的敏感数据泄露.为验证TEE内存隔离机制的安全性,针对基于ARM TrustZone技术构建的TEE,提出一种基于精化的可信执行环境内存隔离机制安全性验证方法.建立抽象模型和具体模型,并定义两种模型之间的精化关系,在证明精化关系成立和抽象模型满足信息流安全性的前提下,验证具体模型的信息流安全性.具体模型建模了TEE内存隔离机制的关键硬件和软件,包括TrustZone地址空间控制器、MMU和TrustZone monitor等,在定理证明器Isabelle/HOL中,验证了该模型满足无干扰、无泄露、无影响等信息流安全属性.     

一种基于构件演算的主动构件精化方法

现代构件系统通常包含多个并发执行的主动构件,这使得验证构件系统的正确性变得十分困难.通过对构件演算进行扩展,提出了一种主动构件的精化方法.在构件接口层引入契约.契约使用卫式设计描述公共方法和主动活动的功能规约.通过一对发散、失败集合定义契约的动态行为,并利用发散、失败集合之间的包含关系定义契约间的精化关系.证明了应用仿真技术确认契约精化关系的定理.定义构件的语义为其需求接口契约到其服务接口契约的函数,以此为基础,可以通过契约的精化来证明构件的精化.给出了构件的组装规则.在构件系统自底向上的构造过程中,应用构件的精化方法和组装规则可以保证最终系统的正确性.     

多级安全系统中数据聚合的无干扰属性

基于信息流的安全模型较访问控制模型优势在于更本质的描述了什么是安全,自提出信息流的无干扰概念以来信息流模型就成为安全研究的中心之一,并提出了很多种无干扰模型.针对现存几种安全模型存在建模工具与分析工具不一致、不支持多级安全系统等问题.在广义无干扰模型以及聚合属性的基础上提出一种支持多级安全系统、多等级信息流策略状态转换且包含聚合属性的信息流安全模型,并给出了信息流策略的正式语义.     

基于模型检测的信息流策略安全性分析

分布式信息流控制是增强系统安全的一种有效方法,但其灵活性也增加了策略管理和分析的复杂性。策略的安全性分析判定系统的所有可达状态是否都能保持特定的安全属性,可以验证策略是否一致完备的满足安全需求。形式化定义了基于Kripke结构和计算树时序逻辑的信息流策略安全性分析问题,验证信息流允许、禁止和授权管理三类信息流安全目标。提出了分支限界和模型检测两种策略验证算法,实验结果表明,算法可有效验证分布式信息流控制系统是否满足特定安全需求,提高了分布式信息流控制的可用性。     

扩展不干扰模型(ENISM)及基于CSP的描述和验证方法

在不干扰理论的基础上,提出扩展不干扰模型ENISM及其验证方法,用以描述和分析操作系统中的信息流策略.工作包括:(1)依据系统功能模块定义多个执行域,以即将执行的可能动作序列集合与可读取的数据存储值集合一同作为ENISM定义执行域安全状态的基础;(2)给出判定系统中不存在违反策略的执行轨迹和数据流动的条件ENISM-CC;(3)基于通信顺序进程给出ENISM-CC的语义及操作系统模块设计的形式化描述和验证方法.     

以体系结构为中心的构件模型设计

分析了构件复用的优势及当前构件开发尚存在的缺陷和不足,阐述了体系结构的概念和集成方式以及构件模型的组织结构、交互原理、实现机制等属性,提出了一个以体系结构为中心建立构件模型的方案.该方案从软件体系结构入手,将系统分解为构件和构件问的交互关系,利用有限状态机表达构件及其交互,从中获得构件接口的需求分析模型,分析接口状态机的状态转移事件寻找构件接口定义,分析参与构件接口交互的类及其属性定义构件内部结构.最后使用构件描述语言对构件模型进行形式化描述,给出了建模的具体过程,设计并实现了一个"打印服务器"构件模型实例.     

非传递广义无干扰属性符号化算术验证方法

广义无干扰属性规约了多级安全系统中具有传递性质的安全策略,而对于不满足传递性的策略则无法刻画.文中首先对广义无干扰属性进行扩展,提出了非传递广义无干扰属性的概念,进而可以规约无传递性的安全策略.文中提出了一种可符号化实现的非传递广义无干扰属性验证方法.该方法主要基于证伪和证真的基本验证策略,通过集成反例搜索和归纳证明完...     

基于Petri网的信息流安全属性的分析与验证*

信息流安全属性的定义均基于不同的语义模型,很难作出比较,以Petri网作为描述安全系统的统一模型,在Petri网上定义四种常见的安全属性,并分析它们之间的逻辑关系。在信息流安全属性验证方面,传统的方法称为展开方法,该方法适用于确定型系统,而对于非确定型系统,该方法是可靠的,但不完备。进一步对Petri网上已经定义的四种属性给出可靠完备的验证算法,并开发出相应的验证工具。最后通过实例说明了验证方法在搜索隐通道方面的应用。     

基于精化的TrustZone多安全分区建模与形式化验证

TrustZone作为ARM处理器上的可信执行环境技术,为设备上安全敏感的程序和数据提供一个隔离的独立执行环境.然而,可信操作系统与所有可信应用运行在同一个可信环境中,任意组件上的漏洞被利用都会波及系统中的其他组件.虽然ARM提出了S-EL2虚拟化技术,支持在安全世界建立多个隔离分区来缓解这个问题,但实际分区管理器中仍可能存在分区间信息泄漏等安全威胁.当前的分区管理器设计及实现缺乏严格的数学证明来保证隔离分区的安全性.详细研究了ARM TrustZone多隔离分区架构,提出一种基于精化的TrustZone多安全分区建模与安全性分析方法,并基于定理证明器Isabelle/HOL完成了分区管理器的建模和形式化验证.首先,基于逐层精化的方法构建了多安全分区模型RMTEE,使用抽象状态机描述系统运行过程和安全策略要求,建立多安全分区的抽象模型并实例化实现分区管理器的具体模型,遵循FF-A规范在具体模型中实现了事件规约;其次,针对现有分区管理器设计无法满足信息流安全性验证的不足,设计了基于DAC的分区间通信访问控制,并将其应用到TrustZone安全分区管理器的建模与验证中;再次,证明了具体模型...     

机载PHM系统软件设计与验证

针对现有PHM系统软件开发中存在的软件模块规范性差、复用率低和鲁棒性弱等问题,提出了一种基于OSA-CBM标准的构件化机载PHM系统软件设计方法,描述了机载PHM系统软件的构件化模型定义、功能框架、分层体系结构和软件控制流程;设计了机载PHM系统的构件接口和核心功能构件;实现了符合OSA-CBM规范接口的构件化软件。通过原型系统软件验证了构件化机载PHM系统软件设计和开发方法的正确性,表明了该方法能够提升软件的规范性、复用率、鲁棒性和可扩展性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。