多特征联合的稀疏跟踪方法

针对目标跟踪中单一特征描述目标能力较弱的情况,提出一种多种特征联合的稀疏表示跟踪方法。在粒子滤波框架下,首先,提取目标模板和候选粒子的多种特征并对其进行核化处理;然后,用字典模板对各候选粒子进行联合稀疏表示,采用可核化的加速近端梯度(KAPG)方法求解稀疏系数并实现候选粒子的重构;最后,将具有最小重构误差的粒子作为跟踪结果。跟踪过程中,利用子空间学习的方法实现目标模板的更新。实验结果表明,与现有跟踪算法相比,该算法提高了跟踪精度,并在目标存在遮挡、光照变化、运动突变等情况时,均可以取得较好的跟踪效果。     

局部模板更新逆向联合稀疏表示目标跟踪算法

逆向联合稀疏表示算法可充分利用跟踪过程中的时间相似性和空间连续性,但由于遮挡、光照变化等的影响,易出现跟踪漂移.为解决上述问题,提出一种基于局部模板更新逆向联合稀疏表示目标跟踪算法,其通过逆向局部重构目标模板集完成逆向联合稀疏表示.首先,在首帧初始化目标模板集,利用粒子滤波获取候选图像,并对其分块处理,构建逆向联合稀疏...     

结构稀疏表示分类目标跟踪算法

为提高目标跟踪算法在复杂条件下的鲁棒性和准确性,研究了一种基于贝叶斯分类的结构稀疏表示目标跟踪算法。首先通过首帧图像获得含有目标与背景模板的稀疏字典和正负样本;然后采用结构稀疏表示的思想对样本进行线性重构,获得其稀疏系数;进而设计一款贝叶斯分类器,分类器通过正负样本的稀疏系数进行训练,并对每个候选目标进行分类,获得其相似度信息;最后采用稀疏表示与增量学习结合的方法对稀疏字典进行更新。将该算法与其他4种先进算法在6组测试视频中进行比较,实验证明了该算法具有更好的性能。     

余弦权重逆稀疏框架视频目标跟踪算法

针对目标跟踪的遮挡与局部形变,提出局部余弦相似度训练权重的逆稀疏视觉目标跟踪策略。借鉴参数空间的粒子滤波的核心思想,以逆稀疏表示为理论框架,用候选目标重构模板获得候选目标的稀疏表示系数,依据表示系数分布特征筛选出最佳候选目标。为克服遮挡影响,引入新的目标函数构建模板的局部块判别能力：计算正负样本与模板之间的局部余弦相似度差值,利用二次优化,更新具有判别能力的权重。依据权重信息综合进行有选择的模板更新,避免模板更新的无效性。多组实验结果表明,该算法在部分遮挡等复杂环境下,仍然可以准确地跟踪目标,相比已有算法具有自己的优势。     

加权局部特征结合判别式字典的目标跟踪

目的 当前大多数基于稀疏表示的跟踪方法只考虑全局特征或局部特征的最小重构误差,没有充分利用稀疏编码系数,或者忽略了字典判别性的作用,尤其当目标被相似物遮挡时,往往会导致跟踪目标丢失。针对上述问题,提出一种新的基于判别式字典和加权局部特征的稀疏外观模型(SPAM-DDWF)跟踪算法。方法 首先利用Fisher准则学习判别式字典,对提取的局部特征进行结构性分析来区分目标和背景,其次,提出一种新的基于加权的相似性度量方法来处理遮挡问题,从而提高跟踪的精确度。此外,基于重构系数的权重更新策略,使算法能更好地适应跟踪目标的外观变化,并降低了遮挡发生时跟踪漂移的概率。结果 在多个基准图像序列上,与多种流行方法对比,本文算法在光照变化、复杂背景、遮挡等场景中保持较高的跟踪成功率与较低的漂移误差。平均成功率和漂移误差分别为76.8%和3.7。结论 实验结果表明,本文算法具有较好的有效性和鲁棒性,尤其在目标被相似物遮挡的情况下,也能较准确地跟踪到目标。     

正例投票下的L1目标跟踪算法

目的 传统的L1稀疏表示目标跟踪,是将所有候选目标表示为字典模板的线性组合,只考虑了字典模板的整体信息,没有分析目标的局部结构。针对该方法在背景杂乱时容易出现跟踪漂移的问题,提出一种基于正例投票的目标跟踪算法。方法 本文将目标表示成图像块粒子的组合,考虑目标的局部结构。在粒子滤波框架内,构建图像块粒子置信函数和相似性函数,提取正例图像块。最终通过正例权重投票估计跟踪目标的最佳位置。结果 在14组公测视频序列上进行跟踪实验,与多种优秀的目标跟踪算法相比,本文跟踪算法在目标受到背景杂乱、遮挡、光照变化等复杂环境干扰下最为稳定,重叠率达到了0.7,且取得了最低的平均跟踪误差5.90,反映了本文算法的可靠性和有效性。结论 本文正例投票下的L1目标跟踪算法,与经典方法相比,能够解决遮挡、光照变化和快速运动等问题的同时,稳定可靠地实现背景杂乱序列的鲁棒跟踪。     

基于稀疏表示的图像超分辨率重构算法

为提高单幅图像的分辨率,提出一种基于稀疏表示的图像超分辨率重构方法。该方法的核心是联合训练高分辨率和低分辨率字典,然后利用所得字典求解高、低分辨率下图像块共有的稀疏表示系数。与已有的基于稀疏表示的图像超分辨重构算法相比,该算法在求解稀疏表示系数时并未采用拉格朗日乘子将稀疏度和重构误差相结合,而是利用对偶模型求解原始的带约束优化问题。实验表明,与其他图像超分辨率重构方法相比,该方法所需手动调节参数较少,重构效果较好。     

基于局部特征和稀疏表示的图像目标检测算法

传统的基于局部特征的图像目标检测算法具有对遮挡和旋转敏感、检测精度不高以及运算速度慢的特点,为了改进该算法的性能,提出了一种将图像局部特征应用于稀疏表示理论的图像目标检测算法。该算法利用随机树的方式有监督地学习样本图像的局部特征形成字典,通过学习好的字典和测试图像的子块来预测图像中目标的中心位置,以此寻求待检测图像稀疏的表示,从而实现对图像中感兴趣目标的检测。实验结果表明,该算法对目标的遮挡、旋转和复杂背景有很好的鲁棒性,而且检测精度和运算速度相对于同类经典算法均有提高。     

协同结构稀疏重构的判别性视觉跟踪

基于稀疏表示的表观似然模型在目标跟踪领域具有广泛的应用,但是这种单一产生式目标表观模型并未考虑完整的判别性结构信息,容易受复杂背景的干扰。为了缓解由该问题造成的目标跟踪漂移,提出了一种目标表观字典和背景字典协同结构稀疏重构优化的视觉跟踪方法。通过构建一个有判别力的基于稀疏表示的表观似然模型,实现了对目标表观模型更为准确的描述。通过合理选择约束候选目标区域和候选背景区域的稀疏系数,在表观似然模型中引入判别式信息,以进一步揭示候选目标区域的潜在相关性和候选背景区域的结构关系,从而更加准确地学习候选目标区域的表观模型。大量有挑战性的视频序列上的实验结果验证了算法在复杂背景下跟踪的鲁棒性,与其他相关算法的对比实验也体现了该算法的优越性。     

稀疏编码目标跟踪方法研究

针对稀疏表示用于目标跟踪时存在重构误差表示不够精确、目标模板更新错误等问题,提出一种改进的稀疏编码模型。该模型无需重构误差满足特定的先验概率分布,且加入对编码系数的自适应约束,可以取得更优的编码向量,使得跟踪结果更为准确。在此基础上,将这种改进的编码模型与粒子滤波目标跟踪算法相结合,研究并实现一种新的基于鲁棒稀疏编码模型的目标跟踪方法。该方法对每个粒子的采样区域进行编码,用所得的稀疏编码向量作为当前粒子的观测量,并采用目标模板分级更新策略,使得目标模板更加准确。实验结果表明,方法可以较好地解决目标部分遮挡和光照变化等干扰下的目标跟踪问题。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.