一种实用的DF协作无线传感器网络跨层设计

针对前向译码（DF）协作无线传感器网络的特点和要求,探讨基于分集合并和差错控制两种技术的实用跨层设计方案。首先,研究支持DF中继协议的协作传感器网络在目的节点采用等增益合并（EGC）的检测方案。通过和传统的最大比合并（MRC）方案以及最近提出的协作MRC方案综合比较,说明等增益合并是一个具有良好性能的实用方案。然后,把物理层的EGC和数据链路层的自动请求重传（ARQ）结合起来,再进行系统分析。最后,基于EGC和截断ARQ提出一种实用跨层设计方案。     

多载波码分多址（HC-CDHA）均衡方案性能比较

首先简要介绍多载波码分多址(MC—CDMA)技术，分析最大比值合并(MRC)，等增益合并(EGC)，正交重构合并(ORC)三种均衡方案。通过软件仿真对三种均衡方案进行性能比较，最后对4G均衡方案作了预测性讨论。     

常见分集合并系统的性能分析

在移动通信中,分集技术是一种最有效的抗衰落技术。本文对3种常见的线性合并分集技术进行简要分析,给出它们的基带表示和合并器输出信噪比的概率密度函数(pdf),由此给出它们的合并增益。针对系统采用MPSK调制的情况,对瑞利衰落信道的3种合并分集系统的比特误码率(BER)性能进行理论研究,分别给出选择性合并(SC)和最大比率合并(MRC)系统的理论比特误码率表达式;对于等增益合并(EGC)分集,给出了一种近似的EGC系统的输出信噪比的pdf,由此导出EGC的一种近似的BER表达式,由蒙特卡罗仿真结果可以看出此近似的BER数值结果是准确的。数值结果显示:MRC性能最好,EGC性能稍差,而SC性能较差。文中给出的分析方法对于实际分集系统的理论研究具有普遍的指导意义。     

多载波码分多址（MC-CDMA）均衡方案性能比较

首先简要介绍多载波码分多址，（MC-CDMA）技术，分析最大比值合并（MRC），等增益合并（EGC），正交重构合并（ORC）三种均衡方案，通过软件仿真对三种均衡方案进行性能比较，最后对4G均衡方案作了预测性讨论。     

基于不完美信道估计的闭环MIMO-MRC跨层设计

为提高无线通信的频谱效率,提出一种MIMO-MRC(multiple-input multiple-output-maximal ratio combining)跨层方案。是物理层的自适应调制(adaptive modulation,AM)和数据链路层的自动重传(automatic repeat request,ARQ)协作,发射端利用估计信道信息反馈,自适应调节调制模式,选择最优发射权矢量和自动重传发射数据。分析了估计误差对MIMO-MRC跨层系统的影响,给出了MIMO-MRC系统在信道估计存在误差时的频谱效率和中断概率的闭合表达式。通过仿真实验证明,对比SISO(single-input single-output)跨层系统和A lamouti's跨层系统,MIMO-MRC跨层系统的性能有明显提高,可获得约3 d B的分集增益。     

分布式协作通信网络中一种新的跨层设计方案

 提出了一种新的跨层设计方案,即选择中继重传方案(SN-RT,selective-node-based retransmission scheme).它把物理层中的协作分集技术和数据链路层中的自动请求重传(ARQ)协议有效地结合起来.在重传过程中,依据中继与目的节点间链路的瞬时信噪比选择一个最佳中继,联合源节点进行Alamouti空时编码.在Rayleigh衰落环境和MPSK调制下,给出了确切的吞吐量表达式.结果显示,相比于固定中继重传方案(FN-RT,fixed-node-based retransmission scheme),SN-RT跨层方案能明显进一步提升系统吞吐量.     

一种基于5G HARQ的改进型HARQ方法研究

3GPP标准5G-NR中的ARQ纠错技术包含RLC层的选择重发式（SR＿ARQ）技术、MAC层的停等式ARQ(SW＿ARQ)技术和物理层的软合并技术,5G的ARQ纠错技术因其处理复杂、对处理器平台要求高,很难直接运用到移动分布式网络中,如MESH网络和ADHOC网络,文章针对这种移动分布式网络提出了一种改进型混合ARQ(SR＿HARQ)纠错技术,该技术直接省去了5G中MAC层的SW＿ARQ技术,将SR＿ARQ技术和基于前向纠错的软合并技术直接结合使用,通过将空口时隙和接收端缓冲区绑定分配的策略,实现物理层的软比特合并,极大简化了协议的复杂度,效率高、可实现性强,非常适用于轻量处理器平台及移动分布式网络。     

不完美反馈自适应多天线跨层系统的性能分析

为提高网络无线通信的频谱利用率,提出一种自适应闭环多输入多输出(MIMO)跨层设计方案。该方案是融合物理层的自适应调制技术(AM)和数据链路层的自动重传技术(ARQ);发射端利用反馈信息,自适应选择调制模式和发射权矢量,并自动重传数据,形成三重反馈的闭环MIMO跨层系统。推导了不完美反馈下的系统频谱效率和中断概率闭合表达式,分析了时延对跨层系统性能的影响。仿真结果表明:对比单发/单收(SISO)跨层系统以及开环MIMO跨层系统,自适应闭环MIMO跨层系统的性能有明显提高。     

协作通信系统中基于频谱效率优化的跨层设计

为改善协作分集系统的频谱效率,提出一种改进的跨层设计方案,对协作通信系统物理层的自适应调制编码（AMC）技术和链路层的混合自动重传(HARQ)协议进行联合优化设计。该方案利用少量比特的反馈,使得仅当目的节点通过直接信道不能正确译码分组时或者当直接信道处于深度衰落时触发中继节点转发协作伙伴数据。给出了所提方案基于瑞利衰落信道、解码转发（DF）条件下频谱效率的表达式,然后搜索在任意信噪比条件下使频谱效率最大化的调制与编码方案。通过计算机仿真对理论分析进行了验证。理论分析和仿真表明该跨层设计在中低信噪比(SNR)可进一步提升协作通信系统的频谱效率。      

无线传感器网络差错控制技术的能效分析

对自动请求重传(ARQ)技术和前向纠错(FEC)技术的能效进行了分析,提出在无线传感器网络中使用Chase合并混合自动请求重传(HARQ)方案实现自适应差错控制,以满足无线传感器网络的不同链路对差错控制方案的差异性要求.仿真结果表明,Chase合并HARQ为整体最优的差错控制方案.     

Cross-layer resource allocation over wireless relay networks for quality of service provisioning

The authors propose a physical-datalink cross-layer resource allocation scheme over wireless relay networks for quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees. By integrating information theory with the concept of effective capacity, the proposed scheme aims at maximizing the relay network throughput subject to a given delay QoS constraint. This delay constraint is characterized by the so-called QoS exponent thetas, which is the only requested information exchanged between the physical layer and the datalink layer in our cross-layer design based scheme. Over both amplify-and-forwards (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relay networks; the authors develop the associated dynamic resource allocation algorithms for wireless multimedia communications. Over DF relay network, the authors also study a fixed power allocation scheme to provide QoS guarantees. The simulations and numerical results verify that our proposed cross-layer resource allocation can efficiently support diverse QoS requirements over wireless relay networks. Both AF and DF relays show significant superiorities over direct transmissions when the delay QoS constraints are stringent. On the other hand, the results demonstrate the importance of deploying the dynamic resource allocation for stringent delay QoS guarantees.     

Cross-layer design scheme for multihop communications

A cross-layer design scheme for wireless communications is proposed and the performance evaluated. The scheme combines a truncated automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol at the data link layer and multihop transmission at the physical layer. Closed-form solutions are derived for the average throughput and the average number of transmissions required to send a packet when the channel surfers from Nakagami-m fading. Finally, the improvement, when the cross-layer design is implemented is shown.     

Cross-Layer Performance Study of Cooperative Diversity System With ARQ

In this paper, a cross-layer design of a wireless communication system is proposed by considering a quadrature signaling (QS)-based cooperative diversity (CD) system employing truncated stop-and-wait automatic repeat request (ARQ) for error control. The proposed CD-ARQ scheme employs selection relaying at the partner, and all the transmission channels are assumed to exhibit Nakagami-$m$ fading. To analyze the cross-layer performance of the proposed scheme, a Markov model is developed by capturing the effects of correlated transmission errors of the Nakagami-$m$ fading cooperative channels. Based on the analysis, the effective cooperative channel of QS-CD-ARQ is uncorrelated when the normalized Doppler shift of at least one of the user-to-destination channels is higher than 0.2. Performance metrics (e.g., channel efficiency, packet loss rate, throughput, average delay, and jitter) are taken into account in the study. Our numerical results show that the QS-CD-ARQ scheme outperforms both an incremental-relaying-based CD system and a non-cooperative system if the average of the received signal is higher than the receiver sensitivity and if the channel between users is better than the direct transmission channel. In addition, QS-CD-ARQ provides the lowest packet loss rate with the lowest delay among all the schemes for any number of maximum retry limits. Moreover, compared with a scheme that employs incremental relaying, the proposed QS-CD-ARQ scheme is less complex to implement.      

协同分集和截断ARQ在单中继无线网的使用：一种交互层研究

该文着重研究了无编码两跳中继网中考虑各节点的最大传输次数受限时的一种交互层协同设计,提出了两种类型的简单自适应中继协同策略以探索一种合并的空间分集与时间分集.分析与计算机仿真表明:在非对称的多跳无线网和块衰落信道下,尽管基于截断ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request)的重传将带来一定的平均吞吐量下降,但该协同策略在实现有效的天线与能量共享的同时,也显著地改善了系统的帧误码性能.     

联合自适应调制编码与ARQ的跨层设计

为了提高无线系统数据速率,目前广泛地采用物理层自适应调制编码(AMC)和链路层自动重发请求(ARQ)协议相结合的跨层设计,这种设计方法能大大提高系统频谱利用率。本文在瑞利衰落信道模型下,在给定包时延和丢包率的情况下,推导出了联合AMC和ARQ的跨层设计频谱利用率的公式。同时也与纯AMC和纯ARQ的情况作了比较。     

Throughput maximization of ad-hoc wireless networks using adaptive cooperative diversity and truncated ARQ

We propose a cross-layer design which combines truncated ARQ at the link layer and cooperative diversity at the physical layer. In this scheme, both the source node and the relay nodes utilize an orthogonal space-time block code for packet retransmission. In contrast to previous cooperative diversity protocols, here cooperative diversity is invoked only if the destination node receives an erroneous packet from the source node. In addition, the relay nodes are not fixed and are selected according to the channel conditions using CRC. It will be shown that this combination of adaptive cooperative diversity and truncated ARQ can greatly improve the system throughput compared to the conventional truncated ARQ scheme and fixed cooperative diversity protocols. We further maximize the throughput by optimizing the packet length and modulation level and will show that substantial gains can be achieved by this joint optimization. Since both the packet length and modulation level are usually discrete in practice, a computationally efficient algorithm is further proposed to obtain the discrete optimal packet length and modulation level.     

WLAN中TCP性能改进的跨层方案仿真

随着无线网络的迅速发展,如何改进TCP在无线网络中的传输性能这一课题,已经成为国内外研究的热点.文章分析了现有的几种典型的TCP改进方案,并在此基础上介绍一种新的跨层方案.通过在传输层和链路层之间引入ARQ Snoop代理,在链路层检测并重传ARQ分组的同时,协调WLAN MAC子层的ARQ机制与TCP的ARQ策略.