采用非能动余热排出系统实验数据对RELAP5程序的评价

利用非能动余热排出系统1∶10原理性实验台架的稳态实验与启动实验数据,对RELAP5/MOD3.2程序进行评估。结果表明：对于本原理性实验系统,RELAP5/MOD3.2程序过低估算了蒸汽流速对蒸汽凝结换热系数的影响,因而,程序中垂直管内的蒸汽凝结换热系数偏小,计算结果与实验结果偏差大。对RELAP5/MOD3.2程序垂直管内蒸汽凝结换热模型进行了修正,修正后的计算结果与实验值基本吻合。评价结果表明：采用RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对该类型的非能动余热排出系统进行计算,需对程序中垂直管内的蒸汽凝结换热模型进行修正。     

RELAP5程序应用于二次侧非能动余热排出系统设计的初步评价

应用实验数据对RELAP5/MOD3.3程序应用于二次侧非能动余热排出系统设计进行初步评价,结果表明,系统投入初期,由于RELAP5程序的一维流动假设,针对事故冷却水池早期的内部三维对流传热模拟存在不足;系统投入后期,冷却水池内部传热为泡核沸腾,池式沸腾换热占主导地位,程序计算结果与实验结果较吻合,RELAP5/MOD3.3程序基本适用于二次侧非能动余热排出系统的稳态运行特性分析。     

海水淡化堆非能动余热排出特性模拟实验研究

在规模因子为1/45的海水淡化堆综合模拟实验装置上,开展海水淡化堆非能动余热排出特性模拟实验研究。验证海水淡化堆非能动安全系统能够保证在诸如全场断电等事故导致紧急停堆后堆芯余热的有效导出,分析系统参数对非能动余热排出特性的影响规律。利用RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对非能动余热排出实验进行模拟分析,结果表明RELAP5/MOD3.2程序能够较好模拟海水淡化堆非能动安全系统的非能动余热导出过程,计算结果与实验结果符合较好。     

非能动专设安全设施应急余热排出试验研究

在海水淡化堆综合模拟试验装置上,开展了非能动专设安全设施应急余热排出模拟试验研究,获得了系统参数对非能动余热排出特性的影响规律。利用RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对蓄压水池不同初始水位下自然循环的建立和余热导出的过程进行了计算。结果表明,RELAP5/MOD3.2程序能较好地模拟海水淡化堆非能动专设安全设施的非能动余热导出过程,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。     

PRS换热器蒸汽凝结换热模型研究

使用RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对某型核动力装置二次侧非能动余热排出系统(PRS)1:1实验装置进行稳态计算,一些工况下计算结果同实验结果偏差较大。研究了汽-液界面剪切应力及系统高压等条件对层流和湍流状态下竖直管内蒸汽凝结模型的影响,并对模型进行了改进。改进后的RELAP5程序对该系统1:1实验装置进行稳态和瞬态计算,计算结果同实验结果符合良好。     

非能动余热排出系统数学模型研究与运行特性分析

利用某型核动力装置非能动余热排出系统1:10原理性试验的8个稳态工况、6个启动工况的试验数据,验证RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对本类型非能动余热排出系统的适用性。结果表明:垂直管内蒸汽凝结换热系数对两相流自然循环的流动与传热影响大;RELAP5/MOD3.2程序过低估算了垂直管内蒸汽流速对蒸汽凝结换热系数的影响,计算结果与试验结果偏差大。对RELAP5/MOD3.2程序垂直管内的蒸汽凝结换热模型进行修正,修正后的计算结果与试验值基本吻合;采用RELAP5程序对垂直管内两相流自然循环传热进行计算,须选择热前沿跟踪模型。对非能动余热排出系统的稳态与瞬态运行特性进行分析,理论计算与试验结果均表明:稳态工况下,系统可以实现稳定的两相流自然循环,系统排热能力受蒸汽发生器水位的影响大,冷却水入口温度与系统压力的影响相对较小;系统的启动特性良好,可快速地建立环路的自然循环,带走反应堆的衰变热。     

用AC-600非能动余热排出系统实验评估RELAP5程序

利用RELAP5程序对先进堆二次侧非能动堆芯余热排出系统实验的瞬态过程进行数值模拟。在微循环启动,有注水的工况下,比较了RELAP5程序的计算结果和实验数据,计算结果与实验基本一致。由此可见,利用RELAP5程序分析此类问题是可行的。瞬态计算结果还为先进压水堆非能动余热排出系统的设计提供参考。     

一体化先进堆全厂断电事故下非能动余热排出系统能力分析

中国核动力研究设计院（NPIC）设计的中国一体化先进堆（CIP）余热排出系统是非能动系统。采用RELAP5／MOD程序分析计算该堆全厂断电事故后堆芯核功率、堆芯平均温度、一回路和二回路压力,以及非能动余热排出系统功率随时间的变化,论证了非能动余热排出系统对事故的缓解能力。分析结果表明,CIP在发生全厂断电事故后,完全能够依靠非能动余热排出系统导出堆芯余热,保证反应堆的安全。     

RELAP5/MOD3.3程序对非能动核电厂小破口失水事故的适用性研究

AP1000核电厂采用非能动堆芯冷却系统来缓解小破口失水事故(SBLOCA),缓解事故的理念是流动冷却。RELAP5/MOD3.3程序适用于传统核电厂SBLOCA研究,对于非能动电厂SBLOCA研究的适用性需重新研究与评估。本工作基于非能动电厂小破口失水事故的分析,结合RELAP5/MOD3.3的结构与模型,对其进行评估和改进。为验证改进后的RELAP5/MOD3.3的适用性,以AP1000小破口失水事故的验证试验台架APEX-1000为模拟对象,分析模拟DBA-02、NRC-05事故工况。分析结果表明,改进后的RELAP5/MOD3.3的计算结果与试验数据符合较好。     

先进堆非能动余热排出系统应对全厂断电事故的能力分析

采用RELAP5/MOD程序对先进堆全厂断电事故进行分析计算,论证非能动余热排出系统对事故的缓解能力.分析表明,先进堆在发生全厂断电事故后,完全能够依靠非能动余热排出系统导出堆芯余热,保证反应堆的安全;先进堆非能动余热排出系统的设计总体上是成功的.     

Boiling Water Reactor Loss of Coolant Tests Single Failure Tests with ROSA-III

The single failure tests with the ROSA-III were simulated BWR LOCA experiments by the scaled BWR test facility resulting from a 200% double-ended break at the recirculation pump suction line to evaluate the core cooling capability of a BWR ECCS under the single failure condition.

The experimental results showed that the loss of LPCS and one LPCI resulted in the highest PCT of 870 K of the single failure series tests, yet a core cooling capability by the ECCS was maintained. The REALP4/Mod 6 code was used to evaluate the predictive capability of the LOCA analysis code. The calculated results showed that the RELAP4/Mod 6 code was able to predict occurrences and sequence of major events anticipated to occur during a BWR LOCA correctly. However it was found that the code still needs to be improved in a CCFL model to better describe thermohydraulic behavior in the core.

The analyses presented in this paper are valuable for evaluating the adequacy and improving the predictive capability of analytical models developed to predict the system response of a BWR during a LOCA.     

Safety analysis of multiple-failure of passive safety systems in SBWR-1200 SBLOCA

The design of the simplified boiling water reactor (SBWR-1200) is characterized by utilizing fully passive safety systems. The emergency core cooling is realized by the gravity driven core cooling system, and the decay heat removal is done by the passive containment cooling system and isolation condenser system. All of the systems have multiple units and could be partially failed. The objective of this paper is to analyze the system response under the multiple malfunctions of passive safety systems in the SBWR-1200.

The chosen accident scenario is a small break loss of coolant accident with one of three gravity driven core cooling system drain lines blocked and one of three passive containment cooling system condensers disabled. An integral test has been carried out in the PUMA facility for 16 h. The facility is designed for low pressure, long term cooling operation with the multiple safety related components; therefore, it has the flexibility to demonstrate the asymmetric or multiple-failure effects with the combination of disability of safety systems. The test initial conditions at 1 MPa (150 psi) are obtained from RELAP5/MOD3.2 code simulation for the SBWR-1200 with appropriate scaling considerations.

Comparisons have been first made between the multiple-failure test and a single-failure test preformed previously. It shows that the core has been covered with liquid coolant during all of accident transient even though there is an apparent coolant inventory reduction in the multiple-failure test. The decay heat removal has no significant difference because the remaining two passive containment cooling condensers increase their cooling capacities, and even the drywell pressure is slightly lower due to the cold water injection from the suppression pool. Comparisons have also been made between the scaled-up test data and the code simulation at the prototypic level. The prototypic simulation is done by RELAP5/MOD3.2. Agreements between the code simulation and the scaled-up test data confirm the code applicability and the facility scalability for this accident scenario.     

基于二回路的非能动排热系统的设计与MFLB条件下的验证

以中国改进型压水堆核电站CPR1000为研究对象,在其蒸汽发生器（SG）二次侧设计了1套非能动排热系统。为验证该系统在主给水管道破裂（MFLB）事故下的热量排出能力,采用RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对系统进行合理的简化并建模。结果表明：MFLB事故发生后,系统内可迅速建立起自然循环流动;该系统的及时投入可使一回路温度和压力的上升得到有效缓解,在隔离受影响的SG之前,一回路未出现整体沸腾,稳压器未满溢,保证了堆芯和一回路冷却剂系统的完整性。     

反应堆内局部自然循环对非能动余热排出的影响

为研究反应堆堆内局部自然循环对非能动余热排出的影响,利用改进的RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对核动力装置及非能动余热排出系统进行数学建模与理论研究,并利用试验数据进行了校核。研究表明：在核动力装置自然循环运行条件下,由于反应堆上封头旁流及反应堆入口漏流通道的存在,在反应堆活性区、上封头、环腔及下腔室之间构成了局部自然循环流动现象;在主回路自然循环能力较弱时,堆内产生的局部自然循环流动占优,反应堆衰变热无法顺利带出。     

The SCDAP/RELAP5 3.2 model of AP1000 on SBLOCA

One of innovation design of both the AP600 and AP1000 from conventional Westinghouse PWRs is that they includes passive safety features to prevent or minimize core uncovery during small break loss of coolant accidents (SBLOCAs). This paper uses the best estimate code SCDAP/RELAP5 3.2 to build the numerical model of AP1000. Several SBLOCAs are simulated and analyzed. RELAP5 predictions are also compared to the simulation results of NOTRUMP code. The comparison shows good agreement. The sensitivity analysis of liquid entrainment model of RELAP5 on the pressure-balance-line (PBL), which connecting core makeup tank (CMT) and cold leg in AP1000 is done. Comparisons of the system pressure decreasing, the level of CMT, and actuation time of ADS all indicate that the existing horizontal stratification entrainment model of RELAP5 is very sensitive and important to the short-term of LOCA, and has significant impact on the entire SBLOCA process.     

Numerical simulation of AP1000 LBLOCA with SCDAP/RELAP 4.0 code

The risk of large-break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) is that core will be exposed once the accident occurs, and may cause core damages. New phenomena may occur in LBLOCA due to passive safety injection adopted by AP1000. This paper used SCDAP/RELAP5 4.0 to build the numerical model of AP1000 and double-end guillotine of cold leg is simulated. Reactor coolant system and passive core cooling system were modeled by RELAP5 modular. HEAT STRUCTURE component of RELAP5 was used to simulate the fuel rod. The reflood option in RELAP5 was chosen to be activated or not to study the effect of axial heat conduction. Results show that the axial heat conduction plays an important role in the reflooding phase and can effectively shorten reflood process. An alternative core model is built by SCDAP modular. It is found that the SCDAP model predicts higher maximum peak cladding temperature and longer reflood process than RELAP5 model. Analysis shows that clad oxidation heat plays a key role in the reflood. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the cladding will keep intact and fission product will not be released from fuel to coolant in LBLOCA.     

SCDAP/Relap5 3.2程序分层夹带模型敏感性分析

在AP1000中,连接堆芯补水箱和冷腿间的压力平衡管线中的气泡份额决定了堆芯补水箱的注入量,其中,气泡源自冷腿中的分层夹带。为研究AP1000核电站中气-液分层夹带现象对堆芯非能动余热排出系统的整体特性的影响,本文以Relap5/Mod3.2作为计算平台,建立了AP1000小破口失水事故模型并进行了数值计算,对比了采用与不采用水平分层夹带模型的计算结果,发现该模型对事故发展有重要的影响。     

高压安全注射系统对压水堆全厂断电事故的缓解能力分析

选择一个典型的3环路压水堆作为参考对象,采用最佳估算程序RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD3.2建立了一个典型的3环路压水堆严重事故计算模型。分析了全厂断电(SBO)事故引发的堆芯熔化基准事故后,高压安全注射系统对该事故的缓解能力。敏感性分析表明,堆芯出口温度达到920 K时,采用卸压充水缓解措施可以有效地阻止堆芯熔化,维持堆芯长期处于稳定、安全状态。