延长窑口耐火材料使用周期的措施

如何延长回转窑窑口耐火材料使用周期是耐火材料管理中的难点和重点之一。以某水泥公司回转窑窑口耐火材料配置方案为例,分析了窑口耐火材料使用周期变短的诸多原因,提出了提高窑口耐火材料使用寿命的措施,主要包括优化窑口耐火材料设计和实施精细化施工方案等。     

Dissolution behavior of spent MgO–C refractory in the CaO–SiO2–FeO slag system as a steelmaking flux

A large amount of spent MgO–C refractory is generated in steel plant every year. Because of the similarities in chemical and mineralogical composition of slag formers and MgO–C refractory, it is possible to reuse the spent MgO–C refractory as a steelmaking flux. To achieve this goal, it should promote the dissolution of MgO–C refractory during slag forming. In this study, the effect of slag composition on the dissolution behavior of spent MgO–C refractory in the CaO–SiO₂–FeO slag system and the dissolution kinetics were investigated. It showed that the dissolution rate of MgO–C refractory was controlled by surface chemical reaction. The dissolution of MgO–C refractory led to an increase in the MgO content in slag while the FeO content decreased because the graphite in refractory was oxidized by FeO. Increasing temperature significantly promoted the dissolution of MgO–C refractory. The MgO–C refractory was readily dissolved in the low-basicity slag. A higher FeO content in slag was beneficial for the oxidation of graphite in refractory, resulting in better dissolution. The dissolution thickness of MgO–C refractory could exceed 4.0 mm under these conditions and its dissolution supplied some MgO to slag.     

改善水煤浆气化炉内衬耐火材料抗侵蚀性能的探讨

分析了水煤浆加压气化炉用高铬耐火材料被侵蚀破坏机理,高铬砖破损的主要原因是煤渣的渗透使高铬砖大块剥落。在此基础上,在保持较好的抗热震性前提下,提出了用浸渍处理的方法来提高高铬耐火材料抗煤熔渣侵蚀性的设想,并进行了初步试验,初步研究结果表明,该方法合理、有效。     

Development Trend of China's Refractory Industry in the New Era

The development status of the downstream industries of refractory industry, such as iron steel, cement, glass, and nonferrous metals was analyzed, and it was pointed out that the market demand of refractory industry entered a platform period. Effect of supply-side reform on the development of refractory industry was deeply discussed, the viewpoints of multi-dimensional innovation of refractory industry were put forward, and the development trend of automation and intelligence in refractory industry was emphasized. It was clarified that the "Belt and Road Initiative" brought new opportunities and pointed out the development direction of China's refractory industry.     

硫磺回收装置主燃烧炉耐火衬改造

塔中I号气田主燃烧炉原衬里为浇筑耐火材料,主燃烧炉投产后发现浇筑耐火衬裂纹超标。经分析调研,优选了耐火砖砌筑改造技术方案,改造后的主燃烧炉运行良好。通过本改造,对不同设备的耐火衬里选择、带衬设备操作提出了主要建议。     

推进玻璃工业耐火材料科技成果转化和行业整合

回顾了耐火材料工业近50年的发展历程,深入分析了目前耐火材料行业的现状和存在的主要问题,提出只有整合耐火材料行业资源,加快推进耐火材料产业化进程,组建科工贸一体化大型企业集团才能更有效地提高我国耐火材料行业的整体水平,更好地为玻璃等建材工业服务.     

分解窑用碱性耐火材料的技术进展

介绍了水泥预分解窑的工况条件及其对窑衬耐火材料的影响,论述了世界水泥预分解窑的技术进展及其对窑用碱性耐火材料的要求,以及窑用碱性耐火材料的技术进展,分析了我国预分解窑生产技术的发展及预分解窑用耐火材料的发展,提出了中国预分解窑用耐火材料近期的发展趋势。     

不定型耐火材料衬里在灰融聚粉煤气化炉的应用

不定型耐火材料是一种新型筑炉材料。介绍了灰融聚粉煤气化炉的衬里结构;提出了不定型耐火材料用于灰融聚粉煤气化炉衬里的注意事项。通过与传统耐火材料衬里的对比,表明不定型耐火材料衬里具有降低气化炉成本、减少气化炉过热点、施工方便以及使用寿命长等特点。     

火箭发射台用焦宝石基涂抹料的研制与应用

以焦宝石、堇青石、硅微粉和高铝水泥为原料,制备出一种用于火箭发射台的焦宝石基涂抹料.结果表明:焦宝石基涂抹料具有良好的物理性能,以及良好的耐烧蚀性能和隔热性能,并且满足沿海火箭发射基地高温高湿、高盐雾、高紫外线照射等特殊自然环境的需求.将所研制的焦宝石基涂抹料在国内某火箭发射台上进行使用,使用结果表明:该焦宝石基涂抹料能够承受火箭发射时的燃气流冲刷,涂层的脱落面积不超过总涂覆面积的5%.所研制的焦宝石基涂抹料可以在火箭发射台上使用,并且效果良好,起到了保护火箭发射台的作用.     

水煤浆加压气化炉耐火衬里延长使用寿命探讨

水煤浆气化炉耐火衬里的使用寿命直接决定着气化炉的长周期高效运行,本文从水煤浆加压气化炉的工作环境及对耐火材料的要求、耐火砖损毁机理、耐火衬里结构等方面进行阐述,对提高气化炉向火面铬铝锆砖寿命的措施进行探讨,旨在提高水煤浆加压气化炉耐火砖的使用寿命.     

第八届联合国际耐火材料学术会议述评

综述了第八届联合国际耐火材料学术会议报告和论文的部分内容。会议的主题是“生态耐火材料”。近两年耐火材料研究开发的趋势是适应相关行业技术进步 ,适应环保要求 ,继续发展高性能、低消耗、低污染耐火材料。     

光学玻璃对含锆耐火材料侵蚀机制研究

通过对光学玻璃电熔窑的实际观测,研究了光学玻璃对含锆耐火材料侵蚀作用。在熔窑的不同关键部位,选取有关耐火材料进行SEM测试,通过熔窑不同部位的耐火材料受高温玻璃液侵蚀的程度,分析了光学玻璃对锆耐火材料侵蚀机理与行为过程。结果表明:熔窑的熔化部耐火材料的受侵蚀程度较小,流液洞与供料道处耐火材料的受侵蚀程度最为严重,上升流道壁砖的竖缝处有严重的耐火材料侵蚀。AZS耐火材料在与高温玻璃液的接触中,形成了成分相互扩散→溶解→再扩散→再溶解的往复循环过程。     

An analysis of the temperature field in the refractory feeder of a horizontal continuous billet casting machine

Conclusions A mathematical model of the process of formation of the front of solidification of the billet skin in the refractory feeder of a horizontal continuous casting machine taking into consideration possible changes in the geometric and thermophysical parameters of the refractory has been developed.An algorithm and a program have been set up making it possible to calculate the temperature field in the refractory feeder taking into consideration the front of solidification of the billet skin. Using the program developed the temperature field was calculated for a graphite-containing refractory in teeming of 45 steel. The calculations made agree with experimental results on wear of the refractory.The data obtained makes it possible to explain the wear of the refractory in the zone of contact with the mold and also to optimize the configuration of the working portion of the horizontal continuous casting machine refractory feeder.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 6, pp. 36–40, June, 1988.     

Wear Mechanisms of Chromia Refractories in Slagging Gasifiers

The hot-face refractory lining is a key component of gasification systems. The refractory liner protects the gasification system from the high-temperature corrosive gaseous and from the molten slag environment associated with the conversion of carbon feedstocks. This paper will discuss the effect of gasifier operating conditions and carbon feedstock slag/ash chemistry on the refractory service life. Particular attention is focused on the wear mechanism of chromia refractories, determined through postmortem analysis of spent refractory bricks from service in gasifiers. Also presented is the behavior of a phosphate-containing chromia refractory with improved resistance to structural spalling.     

耐火浇注料对流与微波干燥的实验研究

进行了耐火浇注料热重分析,热风和微波干燥实验研究,得到了浇注料热风和微波干燥特性曲线。实验结果表明,与热风干燥比较,微波加热极大地降低了耐火浇注料干燥时间、提高了干燥效率和能源效率高,在耐火浇注料干燥过程中有着广阔的应用前景。     

Study on the stability of different refractories during the melting process of a K4169 Ni-based superalloy

The composition of the refractory strongly affects the cleanliness of the alloy. K4169 Ni-based superalloys were melted in different types of refractories in this study. The cleanliness of the Ni-based superalloy and phase transformation of the refractory were observed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‒EDS). The high-temperature stabilities of a Y₂O₃-based refractory, MgO-based refractory, and Al₂O₃-based refractory during melting with a Ni-based alloy were compared. The oxygen content was also lowest, and no Y₂O₃-containing inclusions were observed in the Ni-based alloy melted with the Y₂O₃-based refractory at 1823 K. Inclusions with 21%–29% MgO and a phase composed of Al, Mg and O with an area of approximately 1300 μm² were observed in the alloy. This indicates that the dissolution and erosion of the Y₂O₃-based refractory were weak, and obvious physical erosion and chemical dissolution of the MgO-based refractory occurred during the melting process of the Ni-based alloy. The width of the refractory phase adhered to the boundary of the Ni-based alloy increased in the order Y₂O₃-based refractory (15 μm- 23 μm)< Al₂O₃-based refractory (93 μm- 285 μm)< MgO-based refractory (3.5 mm–3.6 mm), indicating that the adhesive strength of the MgO-based refractory with the Ni-based alloy was strongest. The interaction between the refractory material, Ni-based alloy and inclusions was analyzed based on thermodynamic calculations by Factsage software. The effects of dissolution of the three refractory types on the formation and transformation of the new phases and inclusions were estimated. The thermodynamic results were in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Interactions between coal-ash and burner quarls. Part 2: resistance of different refractory materials to slag attack in a combustion test facility

The interactions between coal-ash and a variety of refractory materials with a potential as refractory quarls have been studied in a 0.5 MW combustion test facility. A Clay-bonded SiC refractory has been found to react least with coal-ash, but not as a result of its lower surface temperatures. It is suggested that oxidation of the SiC leads to CO₂ evolution from the surface of the refractory, hindering coal-ash penetration into the refractory. A technique for modifying the surface of rammable refractory materials, to reduce the adhesion strength of coal-ash deposits, is proposed. Initial results indicate that the technique can be successful and could easily be applied in a utility boiler.     

基于数字图像相关法的铝镁质耐火材料抗侵蚀性能研究

钢渣侵蚀是耐火材料在服役过程中的主要损毁形式之一,实际侵蚀过程难以直接观察。传统上采用蚀后分析方法来评价耐火材料的抗侵蚀能力和了解侵蚀机理,但易缺少过程信息,导致结果存在偏差。因此,本文在高温可视化系统基础上,结合数字图像相关法,选取三种典型钢渣,开展铝镁质耐火材料的渣蚀行为研究,并探讨了不同钢渣及热处理温度对材料抗侵蚀能力的影响。结果表明：碱度越低的熔渣对铝镁质耐火材料的侵蚀越严重;对铝镁质耐火材料进行1 000℃以上的热处理,可有效提高材料的抗侵蚀能力;通过数字图像相关法可以获得随时间变化的平均应变曲线和侵蚀应变云图,其中平均应变曲线可以对比铝镁质耐火材料对不同钢渣的抗侵蚀能力,侵蚀应变云图可以反映侵蚀的演变过程,两者为耐火材料渣蚀过程的表征提供了量化指标。     

干熄焦装置斜道区耐火材料的损坏及提高寿命的途径

对干熄焦装置斜道区耐火材料的损坏原因、损坏特征进行了分析和研究,认为干熄焦装置斜道区耐火材料的损坏主要是结构应力损坏．并提出了一些延长该区域耐火材料寿命的方法。     

Self-Repairing Function in the Carbon-Containing Refractory

Self-repairing function is observed in carbon-containing refractory such as MgO–C, Al₂O₃–C, and so forth. Non-oxides such as pure metallic, alloys, carbides, and nitrides are intentionally added to the refractory composition to bring about this function. As a basis of the development of a self-repairing refractory, the self-repairing mechanism in the carbon-containing refractory is described.