An image analysis method as applied to study the space-temporal evolution of waves in an annular gas-liquid flow

The secondary instability of the surface of a liquid film sheared by an intensive gas flow was first discovered using high-speed modification of the laser-induced fluorescence method. To study the space-temporal evolution of waves of different types, we used image analysis tools, in particular, the Canny method. As a result, we obtained the quantitative characteristics for both wave types and the phenomenon of the back slope instability of primary waves.     

Long Time Behavior of the Perfectly Matched Layer Equations in Computational Electromagnetics

We investigate the long time behavior of two unsplit PML methods for the absorption of electromagnetic waves. Computations indicate that both methods suffer from a temporal instability after the fields reach a quiescent state. The analysis reveals that the source of the instability is the undifferentiated terms of the PML equations and that it is associated with a degeneracy of the quiescent systems of equations. This highlights why the instability occurs in special cases only and suggests a remedy to stabilize the PML by removing the degeneracy. Computational results confirm the stability of the modified equations and is used to address the efficacy of the modified schemes for absorbing waves.     

解耦的声表面波波动方程的求解􀀂

由于压电材料对称性的存在,当一些压电材料取某些特殊切型时,声表面波存在着解耦现象,解耦波常有几种固定的模式.本文对解耦的声表面波波动方程的求解进行了研究.并以PZT-5H材料为例,用编制的程序对解耦的纯Rayleigh波和B-G波进行了计算机数值求解,其结果与文献[3]的值一致.说明这一求解原理和方法普遍适用于对各种解耦的声表面波波动方程的求解.对于全面分析SAW的传播特性具有一定的参考价值.     

Long-Time Simulations of Nonlinear Schrödinger-Type Equations using Step Size Exceeding Threshold of Numerical Instability

We propose an exponential time-differencing method based on the leapfrog scheme for numerical integration of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger-type equations. The key advantage of the proposed method over the widely used Fourier split-step method is that in the new method, numerical instability at high wavenumbers is strongly suppressed. This allows one to use time steps that considerably exceed the instability threshold, which leads to a proportional reduction of the computational time. Moreover, we introduce a technique that eliminates numerical instability at low-to-moderate wavenumbers that is common for methods based on the leapfrog scheme. We illustrate the performance of the proposed method with examples from two applications areas: deterministic wave turbulence and solitary waves.     

A global arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method for stratified Richtmyer–Meshkov instability

Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability arises when a material interface is accelerated impulsively by shock waves. In this work, an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method, global ALE method, was proposed for the simulation of stratified RM instability. In the global ALE method, an Eulerian diffusion interface model was implemented based on mass fraction function. Thus all the meshes can be remeshed arbitrarily no matter whether they are material interface or not. Some benchmark problems, such as shock tube problem with different specific ratio, RM instability with small initial perturbation, were computed with the global ALE method, and the numerical results agree well with exact solution or theoretical model. Also, we proposed some stratified RM instability model problems with two or more material interfaces in planar, cylindrical and spherical geometries. Then the stratified RM instabilities were simulated with global ALE method. The interface evolution process was studied and compared in different geometry cases based on simulation results. To overcome the spurious mesh distortion, a sub-zonal Riemann solver method was proposed in appendix part of the paper based on the analysis of the error source of 2D Lagrangian computation due to non-uniform multi-dimensional mesh.     

A deep-learning model for the amplitude inversion of internal waves based on optical remote-sensing images

The amplitude of internal waves is an important parameter for the remote-sensing detection. However, there is no analytic method developed for the amplitude inversion of internal waves based on optical remote-sensing images. In this article, the deep-learning model is introduced to inverse the amplitude of internal waves based on a large number of optical remote-sensing images. The peak-to-peak distance and 15 types of texture characteristic parameters of images are computed, and the relationship between the amplitude of internal waves and the characteristic parameters of remote-sensing images are also investigated. In addition, based on the correlation difference between these parameters and the amplitude, three types of deep-learning model are established by selecting different parameters as input variables. Results show that the inverted amplitude of internal waves from our models shows good agreement with the in-situ data of internal waves, and the average errors between them are about 6.7%, 4.9%, and 3.6%, respectively, which indicates that the deep-learning model is effective for amplitude inversion of internal waves based on optical remote-sensing images.     

Spatial direct numerical simulation of transitional boundary layer over compliant surfaces

An iterative implicit fractional step method is developed and employed for the simulation of transitional boundary layer over compliant surfaces. The three-dimensional perturbation Navier-Stokes equations are discretized by curvilinear finite volumes on a collocated grid system. A multigrid procedure is used for computations associated with the pressure-Poisson equation, while simulation is carried out by MPI-based parallel computation with domain decomposition. Results in the literature for oblique linear waves and the non-linear breakdown of a wave triad over a rigid wall are repeated to check the accuracy of the codes that had been developed. Oblique linear TS (Tollmien-Schlichting) waves over finite-length compliant membranes are generally found to coexist with CIFI (compliance induced flow instability) or FISI (flow induced surface instabilities) waves. The latter waves usually possess longer wavelengths and thus propagate at a larger oblique wave angles than the TS waves. Simulation reveals that compliant surfaces may slow down the development of secondary instabilities during the early stages of laminar-turbulent transition. However, during the later stages of fundamental wave breakdown, interactions with CIFI and edge-generated waves may increase the amplitudes of the original 2D and 3D TS waves, leading to an earlier breakdown on compliant surfaces. Linear interaction between the flow and compliant membranes has been assumed.     

Study of Ardmore,Oklahoma, storm clouds. I. Convective storm cloud initiation and development based on the remote sensing gravity-wave-induced convection

Abstract

Convective instability can be induced by unstable vertical temperature profiles and can be supported by the release of latent heat of water vapour provided by a large quantity of moisture in the air. It can also be released by the presence of gravity waves. Large amplitude gravity waves have been linked to the onset of convective storm systems. In this study, the vertical velocity of convection initiated by gravity waves was investigated. The study of Ardmore, Oklahoma, storms showed that weak convection was initiated by gravity waves having wave periods of 35 min and the convection was enhanced by gravity waves having wave periods of 20 min. Evidence for cloud formation, due to the condensation of water vapour through convection initiated by the gravity waves, was obtained from rapid-scan satellite imagery and radar summaries. In this particular case, the convective motion, initiated and supported by the gravity-wave-induced activity (excluding contributions made by other mechanisms), reached its maximum value about one hour before the production of the funnel clouds. In this study, we did not rule out the contributions made by other mechanisms, such as low-level convergence and others, toward the initiation of convection; however, our main purpose is to discuss the role of gravity waves in wave-induced convection contributing to the fractions of formation and development of severe convective storms.     

The Benjamin–Feir instability and propagation of swell across the Pacific

About 40 years ago, Snodgrass and other oceanographers (1966) tracked ocean swell propagating across the entire Pacific Ocean. At about the same time, several investigators (including Benjamin and Feir) showed that a uniform train of plane waves of finite amplitude on deep water is unstable. Comparing these two results, each of which is highly cited, leads to the following question: in light of this instability, how did the waves tracked by oceanographers travel coherently more than 10,000 km across the Pacific Ocean? A possible explanation is provided in recent work that re-examined the Benjamin–Feir instability in the presence of linear damping. The conclusion was that even small amounts of damping can stabilize the instability before nonlinear effects become important. In addition, the theoretical predictions agree well with results from laboratory experiments. In this paper we re-examine ocean data from 1966 to estimate whether the oceanic damping that was measured could have controlled the Benjamin–Feir instability for the swell that was tracked. We find that for one set of ocean swell, dissipation controls the Benjamin–Feir instability enough to allow coherent wave propagation across the Pacific. For a second set of ocean swell, it does not. For a third set of ocean swell, an integral that the theory predicts to be constant is not constant in the data; it decreases and correspondingly the spectral peak shifts to a lower frequency—this is frequency downshifting. For this case the theory is not an adequate model, so the corresponding Benjamin–Feir analysis can be misleading. Thus, our results from the historical records are inconclusive: we can assert neither that dissipation of ocean swell is always negligible, nor that it is always important. But our results show that dissipation can control the Benjamin–Feir instability for small-amplitude waves and that downshifting occurs in ocean swell with relatively small wave slopes.     

基于峰点相似性拟合的GPR双曲波提取方法

在探地雷达应用中,双曲波是地下目标识别以及位置、尺寸等重要参数获取的关键形态特征,由于受到复杂地下杂波因素的影响,双曲波呈现出模糊、混乱和不连续等形态,导致其提取复杂度高,难以统一建模。为了提高双曲波提取的鲁棒性,提出了一种基于峰点相似性拟合的双曲波提取方法(PSFE),针对双曲波时变特性,特别是图像中双曲波形态断裂问题,构造波形聚类模型,利用子波区域的相似性获得感兴趣的峰点集,通过拟合有效地将杂波与目标双曲波分离,降低算法对图像质量的依赖性,进而提高双曲波提取的鲁棒性。在模拟数据集和真实数据集中进行对比实验,以验证在不同类型图像下PSFE算法对双曲波提取的性能。实验表明,在复杂的背景噪声和杂波干扰环境下算法具有较强的可行性和鲁棒性。     

Transient simulation based on state variables and waves

This article reports a new method for transient analysis of nonlinear circuits based on nonlinear device state variables and waves at their ports. The method is based on relaxation and thus does not require large matrix decompositions if time step is constant. The use of waves results in guaranteed convergence for any linear passive circuit and some types of nonlinear circuits. Additionally, the formulation using waves ensures that nonlinear devices are always excited with a physically meaningful input, i.e., the amount of power transmitted to nonlinear devices is bounded. The method was implemented in the fREEDA? circuit simulator. The formulation, its properties, and a convergence analysis of the proposed method are presented first, followed by case studies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE , 2011.     

弹簧压缩屈曲稳定性的数值模拟

为研究弹簧失稳变形时的特性,采用有限元法,考虑到弹簧内部限制失稳构件的刚性和柔性特点对弹簧失稳后弹射力产生的影响,对弹簧限制失稳现象进行数值分析. 结果表明,弹簧弹射力失稳程度较小时,弹射力与理想弹射力相差较小;随着压缩距离的增加,失稳变形程度逐渐增大,弹射力的损失也逐渐增大;由于刚性约束构件比柔性约束构件对弹簧的约束更紧密,所以其弹射力损失较小.     

微分求积法分析二维亚音速壁板的失稳问题

采用微分求积方法(简称DQ方法)研究了亚音速气流中二维壁板的失稳问题.运用特征值方法分析了壁板在不同边界条件下的失稳特性.结果表明:本方法可有效确定系统的失稳;两端简支和两端固支的壁板出现了发散失稳而未出现颤振失稳;固支—弹性支承的壁板系统出现了颤振失稳,颤振失稳动压与系统参数相关.     

Dynamic instability of composite laminated rectangular plates and prismatic plate structures

Periodic dynamic loadings may cause dynamic instability of a structure through parametric resonance. In this paper, a B-spline finite strip method (FSM) is presented for the dynamic instability analysis of composite laminated rectangular plates and prismatic plate structures, based on the use of first-order shear deformation plate theory (SDPT). The equations of motion of a structure are established by using Lagrange's formulation and they are a set of coupled Mathieu equations. The boundary parametric resonance frequencies of the motion are determined by using the method suggested by Bolotin through a novel development which incorporates the Sturm sequence method and the multi-level substructuring technique to achieve reliability, efficiency and accuracy. Various loading patterns, arbitrary lamination and general boundary conditions are accommodated. A variety of numerical applications is presented to test the developed method and to study the dynamic instability behaviour of single plates and of complicated plate structures under various types of dynamic loading. A dynamic instability index (DII) is devised to measure the degree of instability against certain parameters which include the thickness-to-length ratio, the degree of orthotropy, the fibre orientation, the loading pattern and the boundary conditions.     

New acoustic positioning system for an underwater robot using multiple frequencies

Nowadays, robots are used for many types of underwater work, and knowing their position accurately is very important. Conventional positioning systems are based on the time difference or phase lag of sound waves. However, such systems are complex and expensive, and real-time positioning is difficult and not very accurate. We propose a new system using the loss of sound propagation and a sensor network. In a previous study, we separated directly arrived waves from received waves and measured their amplitude or power. Using this data, we calculated the distance. However, the signal included many types of reflected wave, and we were not able to obtain a correct value over long distances where the direct waves cannot be separated from the influence of the reflected waves. In this study, we propose a new method based on sounds at multiple frequencies. This method uses sounds of several different frequencies, and sends them sequentially at constant intervals. The distance can be calculated by taking the average power of the signals received. The advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to use any separating process, and longer distances can be measured.     

Influence of centrifugal forces on the development of wave packets in boundary layers with a uniformly valid model

The behavior of three-dimensional wave packets in the boundary layer on curved surfaces is analyzed in this study based on a modification of the triple-deck theory referred to as the “criss-cross” interaction model. The equations of the criss-cross interaction describe a particular type of boundary layer instability mode that possesses underlying properties of both the Tollmien-Schlichting waves and Taylor-Görtler vortices. Previous analysis of the criss-cross interaction regime suggests a possibility for upstream propagation of perturbations in the boundary layer and possible absolute instability of the flow. However, these results cannot be considered as conclusive because the initial-value problem for the criss-cross interaction equations is ill-posed. In a recent work [Turkyilmazoglu M, Ruban AI. A uniformly valid well-posed asymptotic approach to the inviscid-viscous interaction theory. Stud Appl Math 2002;108:161-85] a regularized non-asymptotic model to describe criss-cross interaction has been proposed. Whereas in the original version of the theory, perturbations have an unbounded growth rate as the longitudinal wave number ∣k∣ → ∞, in the new model of [Turkyilmazoglu M, Ruban AI. A uniformly valid well-posed asymptotic approach to the inviscid-viscous interaction theory. Stud Appl Math 2002;108:161-85], as physically expected the amplification rate remains bounded for both spatially growing and temporally growing waves. A Fourier transform method is used in the present study to solve the linearized equations for the flow over concave roughness and humps and it is found that disturbances develop and are convected downstream as wave packets. The behavior of the wave packets is consistent with convective instability, and the upstream influence is no longer present at large times.     

Generation sites of internal solitary waves in the southern Taiwan Strait revealed by MODIS true-colour image observations

Based on 12 years (2000–2011) of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) true-colour images, statistical characteristics of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the southern Taiwan Strait were studied. Two types of ISWs with a distinct scale of wave crest length and geographic distributions were identified: Type-I waves have larger wave crest lengths and span a large area from the southern Taiwan Strait to the northern South China Sea, while Type-II waves have smaller wave crest lengths and appear only at the southeastern corner of the Taiwan Strait. Further analyses based on an empirical model of ISW propagation and on the calculations of the depth-integrated internal tide-generating body force suggested that Type-I waves mainly originate from the Luzon Strait, while Type-II waves are locally generated at the shelf break in the southeastern corner of the Taiwan Strait.     

Sensitivity analysis of the linear nonconservative systems with fractional damping

In this paper, the influence of small structural perturbation on a linear, nonconservative dynamical system exhibiting fractional bifurcation was investigated. In considering design problems for nonconservative systems, the integral structural characteristics as fundamental frequencies, critical loads for instability, and the sensitivity analysis play an important part. In this paper, the influence of small perturbation on a linear, nonconservative dynamical system exhibiting a flutter type bifurcation was investigated. The hereditary damping is described by means of fractional derivatives. To study the dynamical instability for nonconservative governing equations with fractional damping, the method of auxiliary eigenvalue problem is applied. The stability conditions of generalized Lyapunov type for the system with hereditary damping were derived. A new analytical framework for the coupled optimization of aero-structural, fractionally damped systems is presented. The approach to obtain aerodynamic sensitivities is based on adjoint systems.     

Embedded solitons: a new type of solitary wave

We describe a novel class of solitary waves in second-harmonic-generation models with competing quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. These solitary waves exist at a discrete set of values of the propagation constants, being embedded inside the continuous spectrum of the linear system (“embedded solitons”, ES). They are found numerically and, in a reduced model, in an exact analytical form too. We prove analytically and verify by direct simulations that the fundamental (single-humped) ESs are linearly stable, but are subject to a weak nonlinear one-sided instability. In some cases, the nonlinear instability is so weak that ES is a virtually stable object. Multi-humped embedded solitons are found too, all being linearly (strongly) unstable.     

Monitoring the state of the moving train by use of high performance systems and modern computation methods

The objective of this work has been to study the propagation of elastic waves in rails. It presents the comparison of calculations obtained by the grid-characteristic and discontinuous Galerkin methods. The propagation of elastic waves in the presence and absence of the karst inclusion in the ground under the embankment, diagnosed in these cases from the rails, are compared. The wave pictures and diagnosed signals for four types of defects of a fractured character: vertical and horizontal head layering, cross fracture in the head and cracks in the rail web are given. The grid-characteristic method on the curvilinear structural meshes and the discontinuous Galerkin method on the nonstructured triangular meshes make it possible to solve efficiently the tasks on monitoring the state of the moving train and rail, including a great number of integrity violations, dynamic interactions in the train-rail system, and obtain the full wave picture.