小球式旋转直驱压力伺服阀卡滞机理研究

针对小球式旋转直驱压力伺服阀（BRDDPSV）静态测试卡滞问题,建立阀芯运动全局函数,包括基于缝隙流理论建立倾斜阀芯径向力模型,基于Coulomb摩擦理论建立阀肩触壁静摩擦-滑动摩擦模型. 理论解析曲线合理复现了静态测试卡滞问题：偏心驱动下阀芯逆时针旋转倾斜,右侧阀肩触壁,初始静摩擦导致阀芯卡滞,逐渐提升的电流水平克服摩擦形成阀芯运动超调. 为了保证电流指令与控制压力的近似比例特性,阀芯回拉复位,形成重复的正向驱动阀芯卡滞. 基于阀肩不触壁原则,获得阀芯是否卡滞阈值条件. 研究结果表明：增大阀芯与阀套初始半径间隙或减小小球偏离阀芯轴线的初始偏心量,均可以提高阀芯不卡滞的输出压力阈值;对于21 MPa系统压力及0~8 MPa输出压力的实际需求,在不改变其他参数的情况下,将初始半径间隙和初始偏心距分别调整为5.1 μm和0.2 mm,可以在维持原有性能的基础上获得阀芯运动全局不卡滞的最优解.     

Modeling and parameter estimation for hydraulic system of excavator＇s arm

A retrofitted electro-hydraulic proportional system for hydraulic excavator was introduced firstly. According to the principle and characteristic of load independent flow distribution（LUDV） system,taking boom hydraulic system as an example and ignoring the leakage of hydraulic cylinder and the mass of oil in it,a force equilibrium equation and a continuous equation of hydraulic cylinder were set up. Based on the flow equation of electro-hydraulic proportional valve,the pressure passing through the valve and the difference of pressure were tested and analyzed. The results show that the difference of pressure does not change with load,and it approximates to 2.0 MPa. And then,assume the flow across the valve is directly proportional to spool displacement and is not influenced by load,a simplified model of electro-hydraulic system was put forward. At the same time,by analyzing the structure and load-bearing of boom instrument,and combining moment equivalent equation of manipulator with rotating law,the estimation methods and equations for such parameters as equivalent mass and bearing force of hydraulic cylinder were set up. Finally,the step response of flow of boom cylinder was tested when the electro-hydraulic proportional valve was controlled by the step current. Based on the experiment curve,the flow gain coefficient of valve is identified as 2.825×10^-4 m^3/（s·A） and the model is verified.     

动态流量平衡阀结构优化与验证

针对动态流量平衡阀流量控制精度较低问题,依据孔板流量和同心环状缝隙流方程,初步设计阀芯开孔型线,提出压差补偿系数因子修正法对现有的型线公式进行了优化修正,基于大涡模拟(LES)湍流模型,数值模拟研究了优化前后动态流量平衡阀的流量控制精度和流量精度误差,对比分析阀芯开孔型线对阀内压力脉动强度的影响规律,并搭建流量测试试验...     

Study on the servo control system of MWEDM

MWEDMhas been applied widely in industry be-cause of its capability of machining any material with e-lectrical conductivity more than 0·01S/cm without con-tact, and achieving micro parts with high machiningprecision and low surface roughness[1,2]. HoweverMWEDM is a dynamic process; it demands a highspeed, quick response servo control system to keep theoptimum discharge gap between the work-piece andwire electrode, maintain stable gap discharge states toerode the work-piece, and keep the sp…     

压电作动器驱动两级电液比例减压阀设计分析

针对以往采用压电作动器的减压阀必须采用压力传感器的不足,提出一种先导式比例减压阀.该阀采用压电作动器控制先导阀阀口开度,与先导供油器的固定节流孔形成分压作用,实现对先导压力的控制,进而控制主阀实现对主阀出口压力控制.对减压阀进行结构和原理分析,建立数学模型;用Simulink仿真分析结构参数对静动态特性的影响.采用调零弹簧将最低可控压力向下扩展到0;设计三台肩式阀芯结构,通过流场分析验证了该结构有效地减小液动力;根据仿真结果选择恰当的反馈阻尼孔尺寸,保证减压阀的动态特性.所设计的减压阀无须测量压力并闭环即可实现减压功能,具有良好的调压范围、调压精度,能实现快速稳定动态响应.     

Structure Optimization and Performance Analysis of a Multiple Radial Magnetorheological Valve

Due to the controllable and reversible properties of the smart magnetorheological (MR) fluid,a novel multiple radial MR valve was developed.The fluid flow channels of the proposed MR valve were mainly composed of two annular fluid flow channels,four radial fluid flow channels and three centric pipe fluid flow channels.The working principle of the multiple radial MR valve was introduced in detail,and the structure optimization design was carried out using ANSYS software to obtain the optimal structure parameters.Moreover,the optimized MR valve was compared with preoptimized MR valve in terms of their magnetic flux density of radial fluid resistance gap and performance of pressure drop.The experimental test rig was set up to investigate the performance of pressure drop of the proposed MR valve under different currents applied and different loading cases.The results show that the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet port could reach 5.77 MPa at the applied current of 0.8 A.Furthermore,the experimental results also indicate that the loading cases had no effect on the performance of pressure drop.     

带U形节流槽的滑阀稳态液动力研究

摘要: 传统液动力理论计算公式难以准确预测带U形节流槽滑阀的稳态液动力,针对该问题以多路阀为测试对象,搭建高精度液动力测试平台,试验获得不同流动方向下的稳态液动力和阀口压力、流量特性,并用计算流体力学（CFD）对阀内流场进行了仿真.试验和仿真数据表明,带U形节流槽的滑阀的稳态液动力在单向流出流入和在双向进出油情况下均会出现负值,即使阀口趋于打开;三位六通阀双向进出油稳态液动力值与单向流出流入稳态液动力耦合值基本一致;仿真所得稳态液动力值和压差值与试验值吻合良好.     

基于两阶段TKF的测量死区下离散时间系统的故障估计

针对出现测量死区的离散系统,提出一种基于两阶段TKF的故障估计方法。引入2个Bernoulli随机向量描述输出死区,并设计了增广状态Tobit卡尔曼滤波器(augmented state Tobit Kalman filter, ASTKF)。通过两步U-V变换方法对ASTKF的协方差矩阵解耦,从而获得两阶段Tobit卡尔曼滤波器(two-stage Tobit Kalman filter, TSTKF),并且利用TSTKF解决了系统故障估计问题。对所提出方法进行仿真,并与标准卡尔曼滤波器、间歇观测下的卡尔曼滤波器进行比较,说明了该方法的可行性和准确性。     

气固两相分支管路输送特性的试验研究

在水平T型分支管道中,用压缩空气对平均粒径为0.25 mm砂石进行气力输送试验。通过试验,当输送气速和分支管路流量控制阀开度变化时,对分支管路各自的阻力特性和固相颗粒在各分支管路中的流量分配特性进行了研究。结果表明,在发送压力保持不变的情况下,随着表观气速的减小,气固两相流在各分支管路单位长度上的压差,当开始时逐渐减小;但当气速下降到一定程度后,各分支管路单位长度压差转而增大;当各分支管路流量控制阀的开度差值变大时,分支管路各自的单位长度压差曲线逐渐远离,而固相颗粒在分支管路中的流量分配情况也发生较大变化。     

Effect of Radial Resistance Gap on the Pressure Drop of a Compact Annular-Radial-Orifice Flow Magnetorheological Valve

A compact annular-radial-orifice flow magnetorheological (MR) valve was developed to investigate the effects of radial resistance gap on pressure drop. The fluid flow paths of this proposed MR valve consist of a single annular flow channel, a single radial flow channel and an orifice flow channel through structure design. The finite element modelling and simulation analysis of the MR valve was carried out using ANSYS/Emag software to investigate the changes of the magnetic flux density and yield stress along the fluid flow paths under the four different radial resistance gaps. Moreover, the experimental tests were also conducted to evaluate the pressure drop, showing that the proposed MR valve has significantly improved its pressure drop at 0.5 mm width of the radial resistance gap when the annular resistance gap is fixed at 1 mm.     

伺服比例阀的非线性建模与实验验证

针对伺服比例阀中存在的多种非线性因素,提出包含滞环、磁饱和、时变参数、摩擦、液动力等特征在内的阀整体模型.基于非线性电路原理,建立比例电磁铁的集中参数模型.在多个不同固定气隙下进行电磁铁的阶跃电压动态测试,获取一系列磁化特性曲线,通过曲线拟合和数据插值等方法建立电感、电磁力增益和耗散电阻等电磁铁关键参数的非线性函数式.根据动力学方程建立阀体机械运动部件的模型,采用直接测量和间接估算相结合的方法确定各项参数值.通过实验获取恒定压差下稳态液动力与阀芯开度的关系曲线,并提供拟合后的数学表达式.为验证伺服比例阀综合模型的准确性,设计开环和闭环2种测试方法.开环时直接给电磁铁施加恒定电压,并采集电流与阀芯位移的阶跃响应曲线;闭环时通过阀芯位置PID控制器,分别测试空载与加载时的阀芯动态响应特性.仿真和实验结果表明,仿真模型在同样的参数和测试条件下获得与实验相吻合的响应曲线,验证模型的有效性,为后续针对伺服比例阀的控制器开发和故障诊断等工作提供有效的工具.     

大流量插装式伺服阀数学模型及试验验证

针对插装式伺服阀在高速大流量电液伺服系统中表现出的非线性特征，以及在理论分析时不能对其进行线性化处理等问题，对该阀内部构成机理进行了分析.将其先导级数学模型简化为一个线性二阶环节并对其输入输出变量进行限幅，对其主阀芯进行动力学分析.在此基础上建立了插装式伺服阀简单实用的非线性数学模型.在试验平台上验证了该模型的正确性.试验结果表明，该阀的阶跃响应存在较大的纯滞后，且阶跃响应时间随阶跃幅值的增加而增加.基于该数学模型的仿真结果与试验结果的对比表明，该模型能够较为准确地描述此类伺服阀的动静态特征，可应用于高速大流量电液伺服系统的理论分析.     

Anti-Dead-Zone Integral Sliding Control and Active Vibration Suppression of a Free-floating Space Robot with Elastic Base and Flexible Links

Under the conditions of joint torque output dead-zone and external disturbance, the trajectory tracking and vibration suppression for a free-floating space robot (FFSR) system with elastic base and flexible links were discussed. First, using the Lagrange equation of the second kind, the dynamic model of the system was derived. Second, utilizing singular perturbation theory, a slow subsystem describing the rigid motion and a fast subsystem corresponding to flexible vibration were obtained. For the slow subsystem, when the width of dead-zone is uncertain, a dead-zone pre-compensator was designed to eliminate the impact of joint torque output dead-zone, and an integral sliding mode neural network control was proposed. The integral sliding mode term can reduce the steady state error. For the fast subsystem, an optimal linear quadratic regulator(LQR) controller was adopted to damp out the vibration of the flexible links and elastic base simultaneously. Finally, computer simulations show the effectiveness of the compound control method.     

P-Q复合阀调压静特性分析

2D数字式P-Q复合阀采用在同一个阀芯内,应用阀口的三通功能实现压力和流量控制。该阀的压力控制方法较传统的P-Q复合阀有较大的区别,即应用两个阀口构成串联阻力半桥来实现调压。同时对不同形状的调压阀口如何影响压力控制进行了分析比较,对压力线性输出的调压阀口形状方程进行了求解,得到压力线性输出的阀口形状,为P-Q复合阀和其它阀的设计提供一定的帮助。     

压电驱动式高频电液伺服阀实验研究

为了提高电液伺服阀的频率响应特性,采用响应速度快、输出力大、刚性好的积层式压电驱动器作为伺服阀的前置级电-机械转换器.采用杠杆放大的方式对压电驱动器的输出位移进行放大,保证足够的流量输出;采用直接驱动阀芯的方式增强了抗污染能力以及动态响应特性;功率级滑阀采用内置方式,用单个压电叠堆实现了滑阀的双向控制.试制了压电伺服阀的样机,并对样机进行了静、动态测试.得出该阀的频宽大于1.2 kHz,流量为5.7 L/m in,抗污染能力达到ISO 4406 18/15.     

压力跟踪阀建模、仿真与试验研究

在应用减振技术的大型液压装备中常常需要实现弹性元件内压力对执行器内压力的跟踪,以保证弹性元件与执行器接通时系统的平稳.为了简易、安全并可靠的实现这一功能,设计了一种压力跟踪阀,建立相应的数学模型及AMESim仿真模型.对阀的反馈环节进行分析并考察阀芯作用面积、阀口开度和阻尼器阻尼对阀动、静态特性的影响.当阀芯直径为16mm、阻尼孔直径为1mm且为零开口阀时,压力跟踪阀具有较好的动、静态特性.搭建相关试验台进行试验验证,结果表明:压力跟踪阀可以较好地实现压力跟踪功能,压力跟踪误差可控制在0.1MPa左右且压力跟踪稳定.应用了压力跟踪阀的系统可以有效的实现弹性元件与执行器之间的平稳切换.     

Design of a 70 MPa Two-Way Proportional Cartridge Valve for Large-Size Hydraulic Forging Press

For an ultra-high-pressure hydraulic transmission system of a large-size hydraulic forging press (LHFP), a 70 MPa two-way proportional cartridge valve has been developed to improve the power weight ratio of the hydraulic forging press. In this study, a nominal diameter 25 mm (DN25) cartridge valve is taken as the research object. A longer concentric cylindrical annular gap is set to effectively prevent the ultra-high-pressure oil from flowing to the pilot stage and a seated valve structure is set to form the linear sealing zone in the closing state of the main valve port. Electric-displacement feedback is adopted to realize precise control of the main valve port flow and the features of this valve are investigated. In order to verify the strength and static and dynamic characteristics, the finite element model and a simulation model of the valve proposed above are built. There is a little deformation which does not affect the main valve spool movement, and the main valve port flow meets the design demands. Then, the prototype of DN25 70TPCV is manufactured and a ultra-high-pressure experimental platform is developed. The experimental results show that the DN25 70TPCV designed in this study has the advantage of fast response, high control precision, and low leakage, which can meet the requirements of LHFPs.     

智能井控系统的控制研究

智能井控系统是应用计算机对井口回压进行监测和实时控制的机、电、液一体化系统,系统采用计算机电液比例闭环控制.通过研究建立电液比例控制系统的数学模型,并采用PID控制和专家控制相结合的方法,结合石油天然气井控的相关知识实现对井控节流系统的计算机自动控制.该系统在塔里木现场试验获得圆满成功,系统工作稳定、压力超调量小、控制准确,具有广阔的应用前景.     

倾斜管中气－液两相流摩擦压降的研究

本文对倾斜管中气一液两相流摩擦压降进行了试验研究。试验参数为：系统压力０～０．６ＭＰａ，水流量０～４ｍ３／ｈ，空气流量０～４０ｍ３／ｈ。得到了计算倾斜管摩擦阻力的计算公式，所得计算结果与试验结果符合良好。     

一类具有多种不确定性机器人系统的自适应控制

机器人系统含有不同类型的不确定性因素,这些因素的存在可能会影响系统的控制精度,甚至引起系统不稳定。针对具有外部干扰、内部动力学参数不确定性以及未知死区特性的一类不确定性机器人系统,提出了一种基于干扰观测器的自适应控制器。首先建立具有外部干扰的机器人系统非线性数学模型,并对模型中内部动力学参数不确定性和未知死区特性进行了分析。采用非线性干扰观测器对系统所受到的外部干扰进行估计和补偿,在干扰观测器的基础上设计自适应控制器用来处理内部动力学参数的不确定性以及未知的死区特性。最后采用李雅谱诺夫函数法从理论上证明了系统的稳定性和位置跟踪误差的收敛性,并采用数值仿真验证了所设计方法的有效性。