0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面渗Zr合金层的高温氧化行为

对0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢先后进行渗Zr、渗C、预氧化等表面处理,研究了经不同工艺阶段处理后,试样在1 000~1 150℃空气中的高温氧化行为。结果表明,各试样单位面积氧化增重与氧化时间的关系基本上均遵循抛物线规律,且氧化速率常数皆随温度升高而增大。经过渗Zr、渗C、预氧化工艺阶段处理后,试样的氧化激活能均有所提高,恒温氧化速率明显减小,即试样的抗高温氧化性能提高。     

Co、Al共渗涂层的性能研究

本文采用包埋渗方法实现了在镍基高温合金表面共渗Co、Al涂层,并研究了涂层在3.5%Na Cl溶液的耐腐蚀性能以及经过盐雾加速腐蚀(NSS)处理的涂层抗高温氧化性能。试验结果表面明,经NaCl溶液浸泡768h后,涂层仍然具有较好的耐腐蚀性能—腐蚀电流密度9.78×10~(-8)A/cm~2。经过100h和300h中性盐雾加速腐蚀的涂层试样在高温静态氧化条件下,氧化增重1g·cm~(-1),达到国际标准中的完全抗氧化级别,表明CoAl共渗涂层经过NSS后,仍然具有良好的高温抗氧化性能。     

H13模具钢表面处理和热疲-热熔损性能

对H13钢进行了硫氮碳（SNC）共渗加氢化处理、稀土（RE）-SNC共渗及稀土（RE）－SNC共渗加氧化处理等表面处理工艺试验；并对处理试样分别进行了热疲劳性能和在合金铝液中的热熔损性能试验；结果表明，在空气氧化条件下，添加稀土的SNC共渗加氧化复合处理试验的渗层热疲劳性能比未添加稀土（RE）的SNC共渗加氧化复合处理及随后未经氧化处理的RE-SNC共渗的试样高；在本试验条件下，加稀土进行处理的试样比未加稀土进行处理的试样，在铝液中的热熔损性能略偏低。     

浸渍对铁基粉末冶金材料碳氮共渗渗层组织及性能的影响

研究了由一种有机溶剂浸渍的粉末冶金试样经碳氮共渗处理后的渗层组织及性能。研究表明：经预浸渍后再进行碳氮共渗处理的粉末冶金试样与未经浸渍而直接进行碳氮共渗的试样相比，不仅渗层薄、表面硬度高（提高5～SHRA）并趋于均匀，而且组织细化；还能有效地防止薄壁零件、齿轮等复杂结构件的热处理变形与开裂。     

H13模具钢表面处理和热疲劳—热熔损性能

对Ｈ１３钢进行了硫氮碳（ＳＮＣ）共渗加氧化处理，稀土（ＲＥ）－ＳＮＣ共渗及稀土（ＲＥ）－ＳＮＣ共渗加氧化处理等表面处理工艺试验，并对处理试样分别进行了热疲劳性能和在合金铝液中的热熔损性能试验，结果表明，在空气氧化条件下，添加稀土的ＳＮＣ共渗加氧化复合处理试验的渗层热疲劳性能比未添加稀土（ＲＥ）的ＳＮＣ共渗加氧化得事处理及随后未经氧化处理的ＲＥ－ＳＮＣ共渗的试样高，在本试验条件下，加稀土进行处理的试     

TC4钛合金固体渗硼催渗剂的研究

在基础固体渗硼剂(碳化硼和碳化硅)中分别添加氟硼酸钾、氧化铪、氧化锆和氧化镧(4%,质量分数)对TC4钛合金渗硼层的表面形貌、渗层厚度、硬度及渗层组织的影响进行了研究,并对其各自的作用机制进行了探讨,最终优选出最佳的催渗剂。结果表明:添加氟硼酸钾的渗层表面凹凸不平且腐蚀严重,与渗硼之前的试样相比,试样厚度明显减少,因此不能作为TC4钛合金固体渗硼的催渗剂;添加氧化铪的试样渗层表面形貌良好,但渗层疏松且薄,与基础渗硼剂的相比,厚度不仅未增加,反而有所减少(减幅为90.7%),因此也不能作为TC4钛合金的催渗剂;添加氧化锆、氧化镧的渗层表面形貌良好,与基础渗硼剂的相比,厚度与硬度得到显著提高(添加氧化锆增幅分别为30.1%和30.3%,添加氧化镧增幅分别为49.7%和90.2%),具有明显的催渗作用,因此能作为TC4钛合金固体渗硼的催渗剂;与添加氧化锆的渗层相比,添加氧化镧的渗层组织均匀致密,渗层更厚更硬(分别提高了15.1%和46.0%),具有更显著的催渗效果,是最佳的TC4钛合金固体渗硼的催渗剂。     

稀土对45钢硼铝共渗渗层生长初期的影响

本文研究了稀土对45钢硼铝共渗层生长初期的影响,建立了渗层生核长大模型。试验结果表明:稀土硼铝共渗试样在保温8分钟时表面就已形成较完整渗层,而硼铝共渗试样表面则24分钟才完成这一过程。由此认为,稀土促进了渗剂的分解,并促使活性元素大量吸附在试样表面,提高了硼化物的成核速度和成核率。     

C—SiC—TiC—TiB_2复合材料的抗氧化性能研究

对原位反应合成的C-SiC-TiC-TiB_2复合材料在600～1200℃空气中的抗氧化性能进行了研究。在不同材料组成和试验温度下,试样分别出现氧化增重和失重,这主要取决于碳相和陶瓷相的氧化速率及氧化层的结构特征。在600℃该材料几乎不被氧化;800℃时TiB_2被优先氧化,形成B_2O_3液相;在1000℃以上B_2O_3与SiO_2生成硼硅酸盐玻璃,形成一致密氧化层。氧化过程中液相的出现和致密氧化层的形成显著降低了氧化速率,使材料进入钝氧化,表现出优良的抗氧化能力。     

高冲击强度的渗铜粉末冶金钢

将Hoganas水雾化铁粉A1000、石墨及硬脂酸锌混合后压制成钢骨架备渗。采用SCM的IP204低腐蚀性渗铜剂压制成溶渗块。根据MPIF10标准测定渗铜粉末冶金钢的抗拉强度和延伸率。试样呈非标准犬骨形,厚度只有2.5mm。将试样在空气中于900℃加热30分钟,使形成奥氏体,随后于水中淬火,并在惰性气体保护下于180—700℃回火1小时。     

钨渗铜复合材料烧蚀性能及机理研究

采用熔渗法制备了钨渗铜复合材料,牌号为W-7Cu。采用气动烧蚀试验对钨渗铜材料进行了烧蚀性能研究,并分析和探讨了钨渗铜材料的烧蚀机理。研究结果表明,W-7Cu材料具有良好的抗烧蚀性能,气动烧蚀试验条件下,材料基本为均匀烧蚀,表面有氧化现象及Cu的析出现象。烧蚀机理为W的氧化性烧蚀和Cu的析出性氧化。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.