温度对高炉不同装料模式间接还原效率的影响

为了研究不同装料模式下温度对高炉间接还原效率的影响,通过模拟不同装料方式下高炉炉料组成,研究了温度对含铁炉料静态还原的影响规律。试验结果表明,间接还原区温度越高、还原气体CO含量越高,试验含铁炉料的还原度和还原效率越高;在大小烧分级入炉、CO气体浓度为55%的条件下,温度由700℃上升至1 000℃时,含铁炉料的还原度增幅达到26.7%。     

球团矿高温还原过程中抗压强度变化及机理

 运用自行设计制造的固态物料高温抗压强度与蠕变在线测试仪,分别测试球团矿在不同温度及还原度状态下的抗压强度及蠕变量,用以表征球团矿在高炉内不同位置的抗压能力。研究发现：未发生还原反应球团矿在中性气氛中,当温度达到1 000 ℃时,球团矿的抗压强度为2 750 N以上,继续升温,球团矿抗压强度下降迅速;球团矿在还原气氛下,还原初期球团矿抗压强度比同温度下中性气氛球团矿抗压强度有较大下降,当温度高于900 ℃时,球团矿抗压强度只有1 250 N,且在抗压试验中形变明显。微观结构分析表明：还原过程中高价铁氧化物到低价铁氧化物变化过程中晶格增大、新生铁相基体孔隙增加、裂纹产生以及颗粒间固相固结减弱是导致强度下降的主要原因。     

复合镁质添加剂对球团生产影响的试验分析

球团矿作为一种优质的高炉炼铁原料,其配比不断增加。试验采用复合镁质添加剂代替膨润土,提高球团矿中的MgO含量,考察其对生球质量和球团冶金性能的影响规律和作用机理。试验结果表明,采用复合镁质添加剂代替膨润土后,生球抗压强度略有降低,落下次数变化不大,爆裂温度均高于600 ℃;球团矿的低温还原粉化指数(RDI_+3.15)变化不大,均高于92%,完全能够满足高炉冶炼要求;还原度和还原膨胀性能显著提高,MgO质量分数由0.2%增加到2.0%,球团矿还原度RI由67.58%增加至91.47%,还原膨胀指数RSI由23.51%降低至19.25%。为高炉优化炉料结构、进一步增加球团矿的配比提供支撑。     

利用焦炉煤气还原球团矿的研究

净化后的焦炉煤气具有较强的还原性能,在温度1100℃、配氧量6%的条件下净化时,(CO+H2)%达到了93.6%。调整此时的焦炉煤气温度,通入竖炉内还原球团矿,在其他条件一定时,焦炉煤气温度每升高50℃,竖炉气体出口温度升高约45℃;出铁温度每升高50℃,气体温度下降约15℃;竖炉反应温度对气体出口温度影响不大。     

预还原球团矿的熔化速度研究

研究了铁浴温度,球团矿碱度,球团矿预还原度等因素对预还原普通球团矿及预还原钒钛球团矿熔化速度的影响,计算了球团矿熔化的表观活化能,建立了实验条件下球团矿熔化的速率方程。     

焙烧温度与球团矿强度和还原性的关系

针对首钢京唐504 m2带式焙烧机生产的球团矿抗压强度高,而还原性差的问题,通过研究不同焙烧温度下球团矿的抗压强度、还原度、还原膨胀率及其显微结构的变化,得出以下结论:随着焙烧温度从1 200℃提高到1 280℃,磁铁矿球团的抗压强度提高,而还原度明显降低,焙烧温度为1 230℃时,球团还原膨胀率最低。综合考虑,应在满足抗压强度的前提下,尽量降低焙烧温度,以改善球团矿的冶金性能。根据试验结果对带式机焙烧温度进行调整后,球团矿抗压强度控制在3 000 N/P左右,还原度提高到67.78%,还原膨胀率也控制在18%以下,取得了显著效果。     

小块焦对碱性烧结矿和酸性球团矿还原行为的影响

为了降低焦炭的消耗,在含铁炉料中混加小块焦已成为现代高炉常规的操作措施。模拟高炉炉身的冶炼条件,研究了小块焦对碱性烧结矿和酸性球团矿还原行为的影响。模拟还原过程在不同的煤气成分、900～1250℃的等温条件和400～1250℃非等温条件下进行。等温还原试验结果表明:未混加小块焦时,球团矿和烧结矿分别在1050℃和1100℃出现还原停滞现象;而混加小块焦后,烧结矿和球团矿还原过程中的停滞现象被抑制,还原性也得到了改善。非等温还原试验结果表明:随着含铁炉料料层中的小块焦数量的增加,炉料的还原性得到改善。比较了小块焦对烧结矿和球团矿还原性影响的差异。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对烧结矿和球团矿混加或未混加小块焦,在不同温度下的还原机理进行了微观分析研究。     

球团矿抗压强度对其冶金性能的影响

对一种细粒度磁铁精矿粉制备的生球团,通过调整其预热及焙烧工艺参数,生产出不同抗压强度的球团矿,并对其孔隙率以及还原度和还原膨胀率进行了测定。试验结果表明,随着球团矿抗压强度的提高,其孔隙率呈下降趋势,其900℃还原度也呈下降趋势,而还原膨胀率变化不大。对不同抗压强度球团矿的矿相进行了测定,结果表明,预热时间的延长,使球团初期的预热氧化过程更加完全,Fe2O3微晶键更好地发育和长大,而焙烧温度的升高,则可以促进后期Fe2O3的再结晶和长大,提高晶键互连程度,晶粒紧密连接成片,孔隙率下降,使焙烧球团具有较高的抗压强度,但结构致密,变得难以还原。     

钒钛铁精矿竖炉预还原的热力学计算和试验研究

采用热力学计算软件HSC对攀枝花钒钛铁精矿内配碳球团竖炉预还原进行了平衡组分、金属化率和还原度的计算;试验研究了内配碳球团不同的竖炉预还原工艺下的金属化率和还原度。研究结果表明:随着反应温度升高,内配碳球团的金属化率和还原度呈现升高的趋势,当温度达到800℃左右,体系中金属化率达到最大值为99.2%;温度升高到1 000℃,还原度达到最大值87.2%;试验得到的金属化率和还原度变化规律与理论相符。在1 200℃时,获得最大金属化率和还原度分别为:85.23%和80.15%。当底部吹入还原性气氛(10%N_2+30%H_2+60%CO)时, 1 200℃达到的最大金属化率和还原度分别为:88.43%和90.42%。因此,在体系中通入还原性气体,还原过程被明显强化。     

武钢高炉炉料冶金性能的研究

对武钢目前使用的不同炉料的冶金性能进行了研究,结果表明,武钢自产烧结矿铁分较稳定,低温还原粉化指标稍差,还原度却较好;块矿及球团矿低温还原粉化指标较好,还原度稍差;高碱度烧结矿的滴落温度明显高于酸性球团矿,而酸性球团矿的软化区间较高碱度烧结矿要窄。结合现场生产实际,合理的炉料结构为烧结矿65%、球团矿28%、块矿7%。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)