基于定子电流监测方法的电机故障诊断

电机是一种复杂的旋转机械,其故障种类多而且难以辨别。为了对小功率异步电机的常见故障进行正确快速地诊断,采用小波分析技术对几种常见故障所引起的定子电流变化进行了多分辨率分析。从能量分布的角度出发,快速且较为准确地诊断出电机故障。诊断效果表明,小波分析是对电机故障进行定子电流诊断的有效方法,同时为电机故障在线实时诊断提供了理论依据。     

基于定子电流监测方法的电机故障诊断

电机是一种复杂的旋转机械,其故障种类多而且难以辨别。为了对小功率异步电机的常见故障进行正确快速地诊断,采用小波分析技术对几种常见故障所引起的定子电流变化进行了多分辨率分析。从能量分布的角度出发,快速且较为准确地诊断出电机故障。诊断效果表明,小波分析是对电机故障进行定子电流诊断的有效方法,同时为电机故障在线实时诊断提供了理论依据。     

双馈风力发电机轴承的早期诊断

双馈风力发电机轴承的状态监测和早期故障诊断可以及时发现轴承故障,有效地降低风电场的运行和维护费用.首先用加速度传感器采集轴承振动信号,然后用两种方法进行特征信号分析:一是对信号进行经验模式分解,仅提取第一模态函数做Hilbert变换,从而根据包络图判断轴承的早期故障;二是对信号进行预处理,滤去与轴承故障无关的主要分量,再采用小波滤波器提取微弱的故障信号,进而根据故障指标的数值来判断.最后对这两种方法对比研究,试验结果表明,方法2可以更加有效地诊断出早期故障,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

定子电流二次方法的异步电机转子复合故障诊断

为了突出故障早期的故障特征信息,避免复杂算法,实现故障早期状态在线监测,提出定子电流二次方法(流方)的笼型异步电机转子复合故障检测。定子电流经过二次方后转移和放大了定子电流中的故障信号,由于转子断条和气隙偏心的故障特征频率在频谱分布上的差距,转子复合故障得到分离和辨识。同时比较了单相流方和三相总流方对复合故障的诊断效果。复合故障时,流方的故障频率不是单一故障频率的直接累加,还包括两故障频率所引起的交叉干扰项。实验表明,随着断条数的增加,复合故障中表征断条的故障特征分量的幅值增加,有利于故障程度的量化和诊断系统的建立。     

轴电流引起的电机轴承烧损事故分析

通过对某电厂高压电机轴承过热故障进行分析,阐述了变频调速电动机轴电压和轴电流产生的原因,形成的危害以及采取的技术措施。     

采用RWNN的电机定子绕组匝间故障诊断方法

针对电机定子绕组匝间短路故障,提出了基于递归小波神经网络(RWNN)的故障在线诊断方法。该方法采用两个RWNN监测匝间故障,一个用于估算故障的严重度,另一个用于确定故障匝数。针对RWNN的训练,研究了Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)学习算法,以减少训练中的计算量,确保网络模型的快速收敛。根据此方法,设计了试验系统,试验结果表明,基于RWNN的诊断模型可精确确定短路故障匝数,与前馈神经网络(FFNN)相比,能更有效地监测匝间短路故障的缓慢变化情况。     

基于电流残差估计的五相永磁同步电机定子故障检测与分类

针对五相永磁同步电机匝间短路故障和高电阻连接故障具有相同的故障特征的问题,提出一种基于电流残差估计和高频电流对比的故障检测与分类方法。首先利用卡尔曼滤波器估计故障时交直轴电流残差来检测电机异常状况;然后利用高频时电感和电阻的特性不同,来区分匝间短路和高电阻连接故障;最后对两种故障的严重程度和故障相位进行研究。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效诊断电机定子故障,准确识别电机匝间短路故障和高电阻连接故障,并且故障的严重程度对转速及负载变化有良好的鲁棒性。     

Detection of Stator Winding Inter-Turn Short Circuit Fault in Induction Motor Using Vibration Signals by MEMS Accelerometer

This paper presents a novel method for detecting stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault in a three-phase induction motor by vibration signature analysis using non-electrical contact type microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer. The present work detects inter-turn short circuit by vibration analysis in a three-phase induction motor running under different load conditions. Theoretical analysis of stator winding under inter-turn short circuit condition has been presented. Experimental investigations have been carried out to detect inter-turn short circuit fault by vibration signature analysis using a MEMS accelerometer with three-phase induction motor operating under different conditions. The spectral analysis of motor vibration has been carried out using radix-2 decimation in time fast Fourier transform algorithm. The appearance of particular characteristic frequency components in vibration spectrum indicates stator winding inter-turn short circuit faults. The experimental results are found to closely match with the theoretical values, indicating that MEMS accelerometers can be successfully employed for the detection of stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault in induction motors.     

基于定子电流谐波法的无刷励磁机旋转二极管开路故障检测

旋转整流器是无刷励磁机的关键部件,同时也是无刷励磁机稳定运行时的薄弱环节。旋转二极管的开路故障是无刷励磁机的典型电气故障,给发电机励磁系统带来了安全隐患。本文根据无刷励磁机的电气结构特点,分析了旋转整流器的二极管一管开路对电枢磁场以及定子电流的影响,运用定子电流谐波法来检测无刷励磁机的旋转二极管开路故障。本文以22极39相无刷励磁机为例,通过有限元仿真验证了定子电流谐波法的检测性能。     

Stator Interturn Fault Detection of Synchronous Machines Using Field Current and Rotor Search-Coil Voltage Signature Analysis

Our recent observations suggested that harmonics in the field current are very promising to detect stator interturn faults in synchronous machines. So far, an increase in some of the even harmonics in the field current has been reported to detect such faults. However, no explanation has been provided for the cause of these harmonics. Moreover, the even harmonics can significantly increase with supply unbalance as well as time harmonics, which can lead to a serious confusion. Hence, in this study, an in-depth investigation was conducted to determine the origin of various harmonic components in the field current and their feasibility to detect stator faults. It was found that, owing to structural asymmetries of the field winding, some of these components clearly increased with stator interturn fault. The findings are helpful to detect faults involving few turns without ambiguity, in spite of the presence of supply unbalance and time harmonics. Both simulation and experimental results are presented in this paper. The diagnosis results have also been verified using a rotor-mounted search coil, which can also be used to detect even a one-turn stator fault very effectively.      

The Effect of Hard Limiters on Signal Detection in Harmonic Noise Using Adaptive Noise Cancellation

Adaptive digital f ilters have been shown to be useful in reducing the power of harmonic noise in distribution line communication systems. Many DLC systems currently in use employ hard limiters to reduce this type of noise prior to detection of the signal. This research shows that the adaptive noise cancellation filter can be used effectively in tandem with hard limiters. The optimal, limit of the limiter is determined in the cases of the presence and absence of the adaptive noise canceller.     

感应电动机轴承故障检测的相关分析方法

根据感应电机轴承发生故障时的振动信号特性以及定子电流特性,提出了一种基于相关分析的感应电动机轴承故障检测方法.该方法先求三相电流的Park矢量模信号,然后将其与电机滚动轴承振动信号进行相关分析,从振动信号与电流信号的相关谱图中有效地提取轴承故障特征信息,并将其作为轴承故障识别的依据.实验结果表明,该检测方法具有较高的信噪比,可提高故障识别的精度,实际应用也是可行的.     

Mechanical Load Fault Detection in Induction Motors by Stator Current Time-Frequency Analysis

This paper examines the detection of mechanical faults in induction motors by an original use of stator current time-frequency analysis. Mechanical faults lead generally to periodic load torque oscillations. The influence of the torque oscillations on the induction motor stator current is studied using an analytical approach. The mechanical fault results in a sinusoidal phase modulation of the stator current, which is equivalent to a time-varying frequency. Based on these assumptions, several signal processing methods suitable for stator current signature analysis are discussed: classical spectral analysis, instantaneous frequency estimation, and the Wigner distribution. Experimental and simulation results validate the theoretical approach in steady-state operating conditions     

采用定子电流与扰动观测的永磁同步电机改进预测电流控制

提出了一种采用定子电流和扰动观测补偿的改进预测电流控制(PCC)算法。理论上永磁同步电机PCC具有优异的控制性能,但现实系统中离散采样延时与电磁参数时变等问题使得原理上基于模型的预测电流控制器的控制品质严重恶化。设计了龙伯格(Luenberger)状态观测器实现对定子电流与参数扰动的观测,并应用于补偿和改进经典的无差拍预测电流控制器。将观测到的当前时刻的定子电流替代当前时刻的采样电流用于反馈控制,以补偿采样延时;运行过程中电磁参数的变化使得模型参数失配,其影响以电压扰动的形式被观测出来,并补偿到预测控制输出的电压指令中。仿真和试验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

用脉冲响应法检测电机定子绕组绝缘故障的研究

通过用脉冲响应法在电机定子绕组上进行试验所得到的数据及其分析,对定子绕组的绝缘故障检测提出了一些看法。     

基于定子电流的笼型异步电动机转子断条故障检测

转子断条故障是笼型异步电动机常见故障之一.通过对基于定子电流的转子断条故障检测方法的研究,对几种方法进行了分析与总结.这些方法所检测到的转子故障信号各有不同,因此应根据具有环境选取更适当的方法.     

电机滚动轴承噪声的分析

介绍了电机滚动轴承噪声问题的判断、处理方法及一般处理流程,目的是快速高效地诊断根除故障,尽可能地减少设备停机检修时间,最大限度地提高设备维持稳定运行的经济效益。     

发电机定子接地故障点诊断

通过发电机运行记录信息以及相关试验及时准确查找出发电机定子接地故障点,其诊断流程及试验方法具有一定的借鉴意义。     

三相同步电动机定子接地故障分析

通过直接相量法建立了三相同步电动机定子绕组接地故障的数学模型。以一台三相同步电动机为例,运用Ansoft语言的RMxprt/Maxwell 2D模块建立了仿真模型,仿真了三相同步电动机的突然单相接地、两相接地、三相接地故障情况,分别给出了三种故障的定子电流与转矩曲线,并对结果进行了分析。     

笼型感应电动机定子故障诊断分析

介绍了笼型感应电动机定子故障的类型 ,分析了产生故障的可能原因 ,阐述了热应力、电应力、机械应力、环境应力等对电机绝缘系统的影响及故障的表现状态 ,提出了相应的解决措施和办法 ,有助于电动机的维护和剩余寿命的推算 .