Early-age Electrical Resistivity and Reactive Capacity of Mineral Admixtures in Mortars

1 IntroductionPozzolanic capacity of mineral admixture in concreteis usually tested by direct reaction with Ca(OH)2whilemonitoringthe consumption of lime (or strength develop-ment) .In theory,it is possible to completely react withall the calcium hydroxide , but this happens in practiceinfrequently.Some standards for methods ,among whichthere are chemical analysis and physical tests ,are devel-opedin some countries to allowaccurate characterizationof pozzolanic materials[1-3].And crrently,th…     

Effect of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on Hydration Rate of Cement Pastes and Strength of Mortars

The effect of fly ash and silica fume on hydration rate and strength of cement in the early stage was studied. Contrast test was applied to the complex cementitious system to investigate the hydration rate. Combined with mechanical strength, the influence of fly ash and silica fume during the hydration process of complex binder was researched. The peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength decreased as the ratio of fly ash increased, however, as the ratio of silica fume increased, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength increased obviously. When the ratios of fly ash and silica fume are 10% and 5%, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution is the highest. At the same time 7 days of flexural and compressive strength are the highest as 8.89 MPa and 46.52 MPa, respectively. Fly ash and silica fume are the main factors affecting the hydration rate and the mechanical property.     

A Comparative Study on the Pozzolanic Activity between Nano-SiO2 and Silica Fume

The pozzolanic activity of nano-SiO2 and silica fume was comparatirely stndied by X-ray diffraction （ XRD ） , differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, scanning electron micrascopy （SEM） and the compressive , bond and bending streugths of hardened paste and concrete were also measured. Results indicate that the compressive strength development of the paste made from Ca（OH）2 and nano-SiO2, the reaction rate of Ca（ OH）2 with nano- SiO2 and the velocity of C-S-H gel formation from Ca （ OH）2 with nano-SiO2 showed marked increases over those of Ca（ OH）2 with silica fume. Furthermore, the bond strength at the interface between aggregate and hardened cement paste, and the bending strength of concrete incorporated with 3% .NS increased more than those with SF, especially at early ages. To sum up, the pozzolanic activity of nano-SiO2 was much greater than that of silica fume. The results suggest that with a small amount of nano-SiO2, the Ca（ OH）2 crystal at the interface between hardened cement paste and aggregate at early ages may be effectively absorbed in high performance concrete.     

外加剂对水泥净浆水化热的影响

采用直接测定法测试了矿物、化学外加剂对水泥净浆的水化热的影响，并对外加剂降低或提高水化物的原理作了一些探讨。结果表明，粉煤灰和矿渣等矿物外加剂能明显在降低水泥净浆的水化热和温升。FDN-5型减水剂、糖密缓凝剂等化学外加剂能不同程度地降低水泥净浆的水化热和温升，推迟热峰出现时间。Na2SO4早强剂会提高水化热和温升，且使热峰出现时间提前。松香引气剂对水化热和温升影响不明显。     

活性矿物掺合料对超高性能水泥基材料的影响

通过复掺粉煤灰和硅灰,制备一种抗压强度超过200 MPa的超高性能水泥基复合材料(UHPCC),采用扫描电镜、微区能谱分析、X射线衍射、汞压入法和差示扫描量热分析等现代测试手段,研究了活性矿物掺合料对UHPCC微观结构及性能的影响.实验结果表明,UHPCC水泥石主要以低mCa/mSi、结构致密的C-S-H凝胶和许多未水化颗粒组成;活性矿物掺合料的火山灰效应使水泥浆体与集料间界面过渡区得以改善;矿物掺合料的微集料效应使体系颗粒级配优化,致使基体内部结构致密,总孔隙率减小,孔尺寸得到细化,孔结构得以优化,材料性能得以提高.     

矿物掺合料对机制砂水泥基自流平砂浆性能的影响

试验选用普通硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥与半水石膏的三元胶凝体系,选用机制砂作为细集料,制备全机制砂水泥基自流平砂浆.选用粉煤灰、石粉与硅灰作为矿物掺合料,并研究矿物掺合料对全机制砂制水泥基自流平砂浆流动度、抗压抗折强度与尺寸变化率的影响.研究结果表明:矿物掺合料的火山灰效应对自流平砂浆力学性能的发展产生积极影响,自流平砂...     

复掺矿物掺合料混凝土碳化深度预测模型

在深入分析水泥水化、矿物掺合料二次水化以及混凝土碳化机理的基础上,对混凝土碳化理论模型中的重要参数——完全碳化时单位体积混凝土吸收二氧化碳的量m0进行了分析,提出了以水胶比、胶凝材料用量、粉煤灰、矿渣、硅灰掺量等为主要参数的计算公式,建立了复掺矿物掺合料混凝土碳化深度预测模型,经验证模型计算值与试验结果吻合较好.     

The Mechanism of the Eeffect of Mineral Admixtures on the Expansion of Aalkali-silica Reaction

On the base of the influence rule of silica fume, slag and fly ash on alkali-silica reaction under the condition of 70℃, the mechanism of the effect of mineral admixtures on alkali-silica reaction is studied further in the paper. The results show that the effects of mineral admixtures on alkali-silica reaction are mainly chemistry effect and surface physichemistry effect. Under suitable condition, the chemistry effect may make alkali-silica reaction to be inhibited effectively, but the physichemistry effect only make alkali-silica reaction to be delayed. The chemistry effect and the physichemistry effect of minerals admixture are relative to the content of Ca(OH)2 in system. Under the condition that there is a large quantity of Ca(OH)2, mineral admixture cannot inhibit alkali-silica reaction effectively. Only when Ca(OH)2 in the system is very less, it is possible that mineral admixture inhibits alkali-silica reaction effectively.     

Influence of Mineral Admixtures on the Permeability of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

The permeability of lightweight aggregate concrete was studied. Some efforts were taken to increase the resistarwe of lightweight aggregate concrete (LC) to water penetration by using the mineral admixtures of fiy ash, granulated blast furmwe slag or silica fume. Accelerated chloride penetrability test and liquid atmosphere press method were used to study the anti-permeability, of lightweight aggregate concrete. The experimental results show that fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume can decrease the permeability of lightweight aggregate concrete, but the effect of granulated blast furnace slag is poor. According to the SEM and pore structure analyzing results, an interface self- reinforcing effect model was presented and the reinforced mechanism of mineral mixture on LC was discussed according to the model described by authors.     

钢筋混凝土早期收缩特性的研究

为了考察钢筋限制条件下外加剂和掺合料对混凝土早期收缩性能的影响,测量了掺加多种掺合料的钢筋混凝土早期收缩应变和应力的发展情况,应用钢环实验考察了混凝土的早期收缩开裂情况．结果表明,磨细矿渣和硅灰会显著增加混凝土的早期收缩;石灰石粉和粉煤灰能明显抑制混凝土的早期收缩,石灰石粉的效果最好;膨胀剂降低混凝土收缩的早期作用明显;钢环实验是一种较好的检验早期收缩开裂的实验方法．     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗压强度与收缩性能时变规律研究

为了提高混凝土强度与改善混凝土的收缩性能,在混凝土中掺入聚丙烯纤维、硅灰及粉煤灰等掺合料,采用平行组对比试验,研究了掺合料对混凝土抗压强度和干燥收缩性能的影响规律,得到了相应的回归公式.结果表明,单掺粉煤灰的混凝土3,7,28 d抗压强度明显低于基准组,56 d抗压强度与基准组相差不大;复掺粉煤灰和硅灰混凝土的早期和后期抗压强度较单掺粉煤灰混凝土有不同程度的提高;聚丙烯纤维、粉煤灰和硅灰复掺可以显著抑制混凝土干燥收缩,且混凝土龄期与收缩率符合对数函数关系.     

Influence of Nano-SiO_2 Addition on Properties of Sulphoaluminate Cement Based Material

The influences of different nano-SiO_2(NS) contents on the mechanical properties and rheological behavior of sulfoaluminate cement(SAC) based composite materials were studied.Results show that with increasing content of NS,the apparent viscosity,and shearing strength of fresh paste gradually increase but the fluidity decreases.With a dosage of 3.0%NS,the tensile and flexural strengths of mortars at 56 days were increased by 87.0%and 84.6%,respectively,compared with that in the absence of NS,indicating that the toughness of hardened mortars is significantly improved.Besides,the exothermic peaks of hydration are obviously increased and will earlier occur,and the second and the third peaks appear 2.61 hours and 2.56 hours earlier,respectively than that in the absence of NS,and the hydration of SAC before 8 hours is accelerated.The forming mechanism of strengths was revealed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),hydration heat,X-ray diffraction(XRD) and derivative thermogravimetry(DTG).The micro-aggregate filling effect and nucleation effect at early age and weak pozzolanic effect at late age of NS make the microstructure more compact,which obviously enhances the strength of SAC mortars.     

Dynamic elastic modulus of cement paste at early age based on nondestructive test and multiscale prediction model

This paper introduced a nondestructive testing method to evaluate the dynamic elastic modulus of cement paste. Moreover, the effect of water-cement ratio and conventional admixtures on the dynamic elastic modulus of cement paste was investigated, in which three kinds of admixtures were taken into account including viscosity modifying admixture （VMA）, silica.fume （SF）, and shrinkage-reducing admixture （SRA）. The experimental results indicate that the dynamic elastic modulus of cement paste increases with decreasing water-cement ratio. The addition of SF increases the dynamic elastic modulus, however, the overdosage of VMA causes its reduction. SRA reduces the dynamic elastic modulus at early age without affecting it in later period. Finally, a multiscale micromechanics approach coupled with a hydration model CEMHYD3D and percolation theory is utilized to predict the elastic modulus of cement paste, and the predictive results by the model are in accordance with the experimental data.     

Ultra high early strength self-compacting mortar based on sulfoaluminate cement and silica fume

The influences of silica fume and aluminum sulfate on hydration process of sulfoaluminate cement were carried out by ring flow, setting time, hydration heat, XRD and DTG analyses. In addition, mortar mixtures with different functional additives have been studied through compressive strength, flexural strength, volume stability at early age and porosity characterization tests. The results show that the addition of silica fume and aluminum sulfate reduces the fluidity and shortens the setting time of sulfoaluminate cement paste, promoting hydration process and increasing hydration products at early age. In the case of appropriate proportion of mortar, the inclusion of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, dispersible polypropylene fiber and organic silicon kind of defoamer can control segregation and bleeding, improve mechanical strength and volume stability at early age, and modify the pore distribution of sulfoaluminate cement mortar, respectively. The sulfoaluminate cement mortar can carry out gravitational grouting in the absence of outside force, the compressive strength of 2 hours and 24 hours have reached 26 and 58 MPa respectively, and have good microexpansion and tiny pore distribution characterization.     

The mechanism of the effect of mineral admixtures on the expansion of alkali-silica reaction

On the base of the influence rule of silica fume, slag and fly ash on alkali-silica reaction under the condition of 70 ℃, the mechanism of the effect of mineral admixtures on alkali-silica reaction is studied further in the paper. The results show that the effects of mineral admixtures on alkali-silica reaction are mainly chemistry effect and surface physichemistry effect. Under suitable condition, the chemistry effect may make alkali-silica reaction to be inhibited effectively, but the physichemistry effect only make alkali-silica reaction to be delayed. The chemistry effect and the physichemistry effect of minerals admixture are relative to the content of Ca（OH）2 in system. Under the condition that there is a large quantity of Ca（OH）2, mineral admixture cannot inhibit alkali-silica reaction effectively. Only when Ca（OH）2 in the system is very less, it is possible that mineral admixture inhibits alkali-silica reaction effectively.     

含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土抗压强度的影响因素

使用普通原材料和高性能减水剂成功制备出抗压强度值超过130 MPa的超高性能混凝土,并试验研究了其抗压强度的影响因素.包括水胶比、粗骨料的颗粒粒径、细骨料的细度模数、胶凝材料的掺量、矿物掺合料和钢纤维.结果显示,各因素均对超高性能混凝土的抗压强度有一定影响,尤其是水胶比和矿物掺合料影响显著.当水胶比介于0.21和0.24之间时,超高性能混凝土的抗压强度随着水胶比的增大而降低,但水胶比为0.16的超高性能混凝土抗压强度值反而低于水胶比为0.18的混凝土的抗压强度.硅灰、粉煤灰和矿粉以1∶2∶1的质量比混掺使用最有利于提高超高性能混凝土的抗压强度,28 d龄期时抗压强度值达到138 MPa.     

加掺合料高性能混凝土早龄期收缩特性

采用智能型非接触式微位移传感器法,对加掺合料高性能混凝土从成型后6h到3d龄期内的自生收缩和单面干燥条件下的总收缩进行试验研究,并测量了不同龄期混凝土的强度和试件的重量损失．结果表明：掺入硅灰会略微增加混凝土早期自生收缩,而对早期干燥收缩影响不大;粉煤灰的掺入能大幅度地减小混凝土早期自生收缩,但使早期干燥收缩增加;磨细矿渣只有在掺量较多时才能明显降低早期自生收缩,却对早期干燥收缩不利;同水胶比加掺合料混凝土的早期自生收缩与抗压强度之间有很好的线性关系,早期干燥收缩与试件的水分散失率间呈近似的对数函数关系．     

Apparent Activation Energy of Concrete in Early Age Determined by Adiabatic Test

The apparent activation energy of concrete in early age was determined by adiabatic temperature rise test with different initial temperatures. The influence of mineral admixtures such as fly ash, slag and silica fume on the apparent activation energy of concrete was investigated. The equivalent age that expresses the maturity of concrete was calculated to evaluate the cracking risk of concrete in structures. The results reveal that a substitution of 20% fly ash for Portland cement obviously decreases the apparent activation energy of concrete, however, a substitution of 10% silica fume for Portland cement increases the apparent activation. Finite element method analysis of a simulating concrete wall shows that the concrete containing 20% fly ash has the lowest cracking risk.     

预置集料高强高性能混凝土的实验研究

预填集料混凝土是先把粗骨料填在模板中,然后注入水泥砂浆(水泥、砂和水,通常有外加剂)来填满集料之间的空隙而成的混凝土。采用此法制备的混凝土粗集料之间相互嵌锁,能充分发挥粗骨料的强度骨架作用。研究表明,在优化灰砂比基础上采用不同矿物掺合料(粉煤灰、硅灰和矿渣粉)制备出预置集料混凝土,其强度可达到C50混凝土的要求,弹性模量高于同等级混凝土,抗氯离子渗透性和抗冲击性也优于普通C50,该混凝土胶凝材料用量少,在提高其服役性能的同时节约了成本。     

Preparation of LiNbO_3 films on Si(111) substrates by a modified sol-gel process

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