L-半胱氨酸辅助反相微乳法制备Ag_2S纳米晶

选用TX-100/环己烷/正己醇/水反相微乳体系,以Ag NO_3为Ag源、Na_2S·9H2O为S源、L-半胱氨酸为结构导向剂,室温下制备了高晶化度、直径为10—50 nm的Ag_2S纳米晶,并考察了影响其粒径大小的因素。紫外-可见吸收光谱表明,Ag_2S纳米晶在290 nm处呈现强吸收,与体相Ag2S(1 240 nm)相比,其吸收边发生了明显的蓝移。通过调控微乳体系中ω0(水与表面活性剂物质的量比)、Ag+与L-半胱氨酸的物质的量比、反应物浓度等可以实现对产物尺寸和形貌的调控。     

纳米Ag2S/TiO2异质复合薄膜的制备和光电性能

以异丙醇钛(C12H28O4Ti)为主要原料合成氧化钛(TiO2)前驱体溶胶,并结合230℃水热处理得到TiO2溶胶,利用电流体动力学(EHD)技术在掺氟氧化锡导电(FTO)玻璃基片上镀膜,450℃高温煅烧制备具有多级结构锐钛矿TiO2纳米薄膜.以硝酸银(AgNO3)及硫化钠(Na2S)分别为银源和硫源,采用化学浴沉积...     

TiO2纳米晶的制备

本文采用一种新的制备工艺制备了二氧化钛纳米晶，研究了二氧化钛的晶型和晶粒尺寸与工艺条件的关系，并对纳米晶的控制进行了初步探讨。     

纳米晶Ag－Cu合金的结构

用Ｘ－射线衍射、维氏显微硬度测量等方法研究了在惰性气体中蒸发Ａｇ－Ｃｕ母合金．然后原位加压成型得到的纳米晶Ａｇ－ＣＵ合金．实验结果表明，ｎ－Ａｇ（３７）Ｃｕ（６３）合金由富银．富铜固溶体组成．点阵参数随退火温度的变化表明，它们是快速冷却超粒子时产生的过饱和固溶体．样品的维氏显微硬度随晶粒的长大而减小，遵循Ｈａｌｌ－Ｐｅｔｃｈ关系．     

Y2O2S:Er,Yb纳米晶的制备及其上转换和下转换发光

采用共沉淀法,结合固-气硫化工艺制备了平均粒径约40nm的类球形Y2O2S:Er,Yb纳米晶,并对其在980nm红外激发下的上转换和下转换发射进行了较为详细的研究.Er3+的上转换特征发射分别位于530、550和660hm附近.在表面吸附OH-和CO2-3所形成的特殊声子环境下,Er3+的4S3/2→4F9/2和4I11/2→I13/2多声子弛豫显著提高了4F9/2能级的粒子布居,致使纳米晶具有很强的660nm红光发射.并且红绿光荧光分支比会随Yb3+浓度的提高而显著增大.首次报导了Y2O2S纳米晶中Er3+的红外特征发射.源于Er3+离子4I13/2→4O15/2辐射跃迁的较强红外发射,在晶场作用下分化为峰位分别位于1501、1534和1577nm的3个发射峰.由于4I13/2能级是660nm红光发射的主要布居能级之一,该红外发射与红光发射存在明显竞争.但在较高Yb3+掺杂浓度下,高效的Yb3+→Er3+能量传递可有效削弱红外发射的竞争作用.     

区熔法制备金属硫化物Ag2S及其热电性能研究

金属硫化物Ag2S具有优异的物理化学性能,在催化、传感及光电子等领域具有广阔的应用空间.本工作利用一种区熔技术制备了尺寸为?18 mm×50 mm的Ag2S并对其潜在热电性能进行了研究.Ag2S在450 K以下具有标准的 α-Ag2S单斜P21/c结构,450 K以上发生相变成为立方 β-Ag2S相.Ag2S在300～...     

Y_2O_2S∶Er,Yb纳米晶的制备及其上转换和下转换发光

采用共沉淀法,结合固-气硫化工艺制备了平均粒径约40nm的类球形Y2O2S∶Er,Yb纳米晶,并对其在980nm红外激发下的上转换和下转换发射进行了较为详细的研究。Er3+的上转换特征发射分别位于530、550和660nm附近。在表面吸附OH-和CO32-所形成的特殊声子环境下,Er3+的4S3/2→4F9/2和4I11/2→4I13/2多声子弛豫显著提高了4F9/2能级的粒子布居,致使纳米晶具有很强的660nm红光发射。并且红绿光荧光分支比会随Yb3+浓度的提高而显著增大。首次报导了Y2O2S纳米晶中Er3+的红外特征发射。源于Er3+离子4I13/2→4I15/2辐射跃迁的较强红外发射,在晶场作用下分化为峰位分别位于1501、1534和1577nm的3个发射峰。由于4I13/2能级是660nm红光发射的主要布居能级之一,该红外发射与红光发射存在明显竞争。但在较高Yb3+掺杂浓度下,高效的Yb3+→Er3+能量传递可有效削弱红外发射的竞争作用。     

湿式超声化学法制备TiO2纳米晶的研究

采用湿式超声化学法制备了锐钛矿相TiO2纳米晶，通过XRD、TEM及粒径统计分析等手段研究了不同工艺条件下产物的不同性质。结果表明，超声反应温度、持续时间及超声波发生方式对TiO2纳米晶的形貌、粒径及结晶度等均有不同程度的影响。     

机械化学反应法制备纳米晶TaC和TaSi2

采用ＸＲＤ，ＴＥＭ和ＳＥＭ研究了用机械化学反应法制备金属间化合物ＴａＣ和ＴａＳｉ２时的结构演变，结果表明：ＴａＣ和ＴａＳｉ２是通过互扩散由元素直接反应合成的，高能球磨引入的高密度缺陷和纳米界面大大促进了这一反应过程。     

Sm_2O_3掺杂CeO_2纳米晶的制备及其生长动力学

本研究以Ce(NO3)3.6H2O和Sm2O3为主要原料,采用共沉淀-喷雾干燥法制备出Sm2O3掺杂CeO2(SDC)的纳米粉末。通过对制得粉体进行DSC-TG、XRD、SEM等表征,研究了SDC纳米晶在煅烧过程中的晶体生长动力学。结果表明:400℃以下,煅烧时间对SDC晶粒尺寸的影响很小,随着温度的升高,其影响逐渐增大,800℃时,煅烧时间对晶粒尺寸的影响很大;但随着煅烧温度的提高,其影响又逐渐减小,在1000℃时,晶粒粒径随着煅烧时间的延长,不再发生变化。根据晶体生长动力学方程,SDC的晶体生长机制在不同温度条件下存在一定差异,在低温下(300-400℃),界面反应占主导;中温下(500℃左右),纳米效应、界面反应与扩散传质的共同作用;高温下(600-800℃),体现为扩散传质。     

Understanding the Photothermal Conversion Efficiency of Gold Nanocrystals

Plasmon‐based photothermal therapy is one of the most intriguing applications of noble metal nanostructures. The photothermal conversion efficiency is an essential parameter in practically realizing this application. The effects of the plasmon resonance wavelength, particle volume, shell coating, and assembly on the photothermal conversion efficiencies of Au nanocrystals are systematically studied by directly measuring the temperature of Au nanocrystal solutions with a thermocouple and analyzed on the basis of energy balance. The temperature of Au nanocrystal solutions reaches the maximum at ～75°C when the plasmon resonance wavelength of Au nanocrystals is equal to the illumination laser wavelength. For Au nanocrystals with similar shapes, the larger the nanocrystal, the smaller the photothermal conversion efficiency becomes. The photothermal conversion can also be controlled by shell coating and assembly through the change in the plasmon resonance energy of Au nanocrystals. Moreover, coating Au nanocrystals with semiconductor materials that have band gap energies smaller than the illumination laser energy can improve the photothermal conversion efficiency owing to the presence of an additional light absorption channel.     

Surface Plasmon Resonance–Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Endogenous H2S‐Triggered Au@Cu2O

Smart theranostics agents triggered by endogenous H₂S with combined activated photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy can improve the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer. However, the low theranostic performance of the current smart theranostics agents after the triggering step has limited their further application. In this work, the theranostic performance of endogenous H₂S‐triggered Au@Cu₂O for the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer, which is generated from the localized surface plasmon resonance coupling effect between a noble metal (Au) and a semiconductor (Cu₂O), is investigated. Compared with Cu₂O, the prepared H₂S‐triggered Au@Cu₂O shows a significantly stronger absorption at the near‐infrared region, such as a ≈2.1 times change at 808 nm, giving a photothermal conversion efficiency increase of ≈1.2 times. More importantly, Au@Cu₂O still exhibits good photoacoustic imaging contrast and photothermal properties for treatment of colon cancer in vivo even at very low injection doses. This work not only investigates an endogenous H₂S‐triggered Au@Cu₂O theranostic agent with enhanced theranostic performance for colon cancer but also provides a novel strategy for designing high‐performance theranostic agents.     

NIR Light-Driving Barrier-Free Group Rotation in Nanoparticles with an 88.3% Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Photothermal Therapy

Traditional photothermal therapy requires high-intensity laser excitation for cancer treatments due to the low photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of photothermal agents (PTAs). PTAs with ultra-high PCEs can decrease the required excited light intensity, which allows safe and efficient therapy in deep tissues. In this work, a PTA is synthesized with high PCE of 88.3% based on a BODIPY scaffold, by introducing a  CF₃ “barrier-free” rotor on the meso-position (tfm-BDP). In both the ground and excited state, the  CF₃ moiety in tfm-BDP has no energy barrier to rotation, allowing it to efficiently dissipate absorbed (NIR) photons as heat. Importantly, the barrier-free rotation of  CF₃ can be maintained after encapsulating tfm-BDP into polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). Thus, laser irradiation with safe intensity (0.3 W cm⁻², 808 nm) can lead to complete tumor ablation in tumor-bearing mice after intravenous injection of tfm-BDP NPs. This strategy of “barrier-free rotation” provides a new platform for future design of PTT agents for clinical cancer treatment.     

高光热效应碳球的快速制备及肿瘤细胞光热治疗

光热治疗是一种非侵入式的新型肿瘤治疗手段,可弥补传统治疗方式的不足。碳纳米材料作为一种高效的光热剂,在肿瘤光热治疗中表现出巨大的应用潜力。本研究采用超声辅助法使邻苯三酚与甲醛5 min快速聚合,经煅烧处理制备了单分散、粒径均一的碳球。该碳球兼具优良的细胞生物相容性和高光热转换效率。在808 nm近红外光照射下,碳球呈现良好的光热效应和光热稳定性,光热转换效率达到41.4%。细胞实验表明,碳球无明显细胞毒性,对肿瘤细胞具有显著的光热杀伤效果。制备的高光热效应碳球光热剂有望用于肿瘤光热治疗。