Twin-wire Submerged Arc Welding Process of a High-strength Low-alloy Steel

The measurement of thermal cycle curves of a high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) subjected twin-wire submerged arc welding (SAW) was introduced. The thermal simulation test was performed by using the obtained curves. The impact toughness at -50 ℃ temperature of the simulated samples was also tested. OM, SEM and TEM of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of some simulation specimens were investigated. The results showed that the HSLA endured the twin-wire welding thermal cycle, generally, the low-temperature toughness values of each part of HAZ was lower than that of the parent materials, and the microstructure of coarse-grained zone(CGHAZ) mainly made up of granular bainite is the reason of the toughness serious deterioration. Coarse grain, grain boundary carbide extract and M-A island with large size and irregular polygon, along the grain boundary distribution, are the reasons for the toughness deterioration of CGHAZ. The research also showed that selected parameters of twin-wire SAW can meet the requirements to weld the test steel.     

热穿-热轧法生产的新型贝氏体中空渗碳钢的组织和性能

用热穿-热轧法制备了新型贝氏体中空钢．研究了热处理对新型贝氏体钢和渗碳处理对中空钢组织和性能的影响．结果表明：新型贝氏体钢正火＋低温回火热处理后的组织为贝氏体铁素体和奥氏体,淬火＋低温回火后的组织由马氏体、贝氏体和奥氏体组成;正火或淬火＋低温回火后,新型贝氏体中空钢具有良好的强韧性．正火＋低温回火后,中空钢的组织为贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体组织．新型贝氏体中空钢渗碳后空冷,渗层的组织为高碳马氏体和残余奥氏体组织,非渗层为贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体组织,实体中空钢具有较好的强韧性和渗碳效果．     

重载铁路辙叉用新型贝氏体钢的应用基础研究

根据我国重载铁路辙叉发展要求,在已有发明应用的客运铁路贝氏体钢辙叉基础上,研究重载铁路辙叉用新型贝氏体钢,满足辙叉心轨大尺寸下,热处理空冷态得到贝氏体组织,获得高强高韧性能,代替传统高锰钢辙叉材料。研究表明:研制的新型重载辙叉心轨贝氏体钢成分设计实现了在正火空冷态获得奥氏体-贝氏体复合组织,贝氏体组织为无碳化物贝氏体;奥氏体-贝氏体复合组织具有优异的综合力学性能,断裂强度高达1 400 MPa,V型缺口的锻后回火态试样的冲击强度高达39.8 J。     

Refinement of packet size in low carbon bainitic steel by special thermo-mechanical control process

The packet size of bainitic steel can be refined by a special relaxation-precipitation-control phase transformation (RPC) technology, When processed by RPC process, the low carbon bainitic steel composes of two kinds of main intermediate transformation phases. One is ultra-fine lath-like bainitic ferrite and the lath is less than 1 tam in width and about 6 tam in length; the alignment of laths forms a refined packet, and the size of packets is about 5-7 ~am in length and about 3-4 tam in width, The other is acicular structure. The morphology and distribution of these acicular structures are influenced by relaxation process, the thin and short acicular structures cut the prior austenite grain and refine the bainitic packet size, For the optimum relaxation time, the packet size can be refined to the finest. The mechanical properties are influenced by relaxation time and the 800 MPa grade low carbon bainitic steel with excellent toughness can be obtained by RPC process,     

700MPa级超低碳高强度贝氏体厚钢板的晶粒细化机制研究

根据超低碳微合金化的成分设计意图,采用控制轧制和控制冷却工艺得到细化的贝氏体组织,利用光学显微镜、FE-SEM和TEM对各类微观组织和析出物进行了研究和分析。结果表明,700MPa级超低碳贝氏体厚钢板为细小均匀的粒状贝氏体和少量针状铁素体与多边形铁素体的复合组织,其屈服强度不小于580MPa,抗拉强度不小于700MPa,低温冲击韧性为-20℃,Akv不小于150J。钢板具有强度高、韧性好和焊接性能良好的特点,其强度和韧性的良好匹配主要是由于在粒状贝氏体相变前形成了少量的针状铁素体分割奥氏体晶粒,从而细化了最终的复合组织。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-B bearing low carbon steel plate: Ultrafast cooling <Emphasis Type="Italic">versus</Emphasis> accelerated cooling

The microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon bainite high strength steel plate were studied via different cooling paths at the pilot scale. There was a significant increase in mechanical properties, and notably, the yield strength, tensile strength, and toughness at -40 °C for the tested steel processed by ultra-fast cooling were 126 MPa, 98 MPa and 69 J, respectively, in relation to steel processed by accelerated cooling. The ultra-fast cooling rate not only refined the microstructure, precipitates, and martensiteaustenite (M/A) islands, but also contributed to the refinement of microstructure in thick plates. The large size M/A constituents formed at lower cooling rate experienced stress concentration and were potential sites for crack initiation, which led to deterioration of low-temperature impact toughness. In contrast, the acicular ferrite and lath bainite with high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries were formed in steel processed by ultra-fast cooling, which retarded cleavage crack propagation.     

焊补缩孔热循环对奥-贝球铁HAZ组织与性能的影响

采用模拟焊接热循环方法 ,研究奥氏体区不同热循环对奥 贝球铁缩孔焊补热影响区 (HAZ)显微组织、抗拉强度、冲击韧性和断口形态的影响。试验结果表明 :模拟焊补缩孔HAZ中奥氏体区上限温度区显微组织变化大 ,力学性能差 ,是焊接接头的最薄弱环节 ,而在贝氏体转变温度区间内施加缓冷的热循环 ,奥氏体区内产生一定量奥 贝组织 ,力学性能改善 ,达到与奥 贝球铁母材的力学性能相匹配。     

高强度低合金空冷贝氏体铸钢

采用正交实验方法,以硅、锰为主要合金元素,加入少量铬和硼,并用适量钛和稀土进行复合变质处理,在空冷淬火条件下,获得了强度超过2000 MPa,硬度超过55 HRC,冲击韧性大于30 J/cm2和断裂韧性大于70 MPa.m1/2的贝氏体铸钢,在销盘磨损和冲击磨损条件下,都具有优良的耐磨性。空冷贝氏体铸钢生产工艺简单,成本低廉,可用于制造颚板和锤头等产品,使用寿命比高锰钢高1—6倍。     

Development of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite/granular bainite duplex steel

A new hot-rolled low alloy high strength steel with grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite/granular bainite duplex micro-structure has been developed through novel microstructure and alloying designs without any noble metal elements such as nickel and molybdenum. Its as-rolled microstructure and mechanical properties, fatigue crack propagation behavior compared with single granular bainitic steel as well as continuous cooling transformation, were investigated in detail. The measured result of CCT (continuous cooling transformation) curve shows that such duplex microstructure can be easily obtained within a wide air-cooling rate range. More importantly, this duplex microstructure has much better combination of toughness and strength than the single granular bainite microstructure. It is found that the grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite in this duplex microstructure can blunt the rni-crocrack tip, cause fatigue crack propagation route branching and curving, and thus it increases the resistance to fati     

高纯铁素体钢 CGHAZ 组织结构及断口形态

采用光镜、电镜（ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ）等对Ｃｒ１８Ｍｏ２高纯铁素体不锈钢焊接热影响区粗晶区（ＣＧＨＡＺ）的组织结构、析出物和断口形态进行了研究．结果表明，Ｃｒ１８Ｍｏ２铁素体钢ＨＡＺ在经受焊接加热和冷却过程中未发生相变，晶粒粗化是造成ＣＧＨＡＺ韧性下降的主要原因．ＴｉＣ，ＴｉＮ或Ｃｒ２Ｎ等析出物对ＣＧＨＡＺ解理裂纹的产生和扩展有促进作用．严格控制焊接线能量（ｑ／ｖ）对防止Ｃｒ１８Ｍｏ２铁素体钢ＣＧＨＡＺ脆化具有重要的意义．     

Effect of cooling parameters on the microstructure and properties of Mobearing and Cr-bearing steels

To develop low-cost low carbon bainitic steel,Mo-bearing and Cr-bearing steels were melted in a vacuum induction furnace and were researched by thermal simulation and hot rolling at the laboratory.As the cooling rate increases from 0.2 to 50℃/s,the transformation temperatures of two steels lie between 650 and 400℃,and the final microstructures of them change from quasi-polygonal ferrite and granular bainite to lath bainite.Compared with cooling in air or by interrupted cooling,Mo-bearing and Cr-bearing steel plates cooled by sprayed water boast higher strength and superior toughness,for large-size islands are responsible for the poor mechanical properties.Compared to Mo,Cr is effective to isolate the bainitic reaction in low carbon steel,and the bainitic microstructure can also be obtained in Cr-bearing steel cooled at a wide range of cooling rate.     

低合金耐磨钢的组织与性能

低成本、高性能耐磨钢的需求增长及其开发都在进行中．本研究根据对耐磨钢性能的要求,试制了三种不同合金化方式的低合金耐磨钢,利用金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜、洛氏硬度计、万能材料试验机、夏氏冲击试验机和磨粒磨损实验机研究了其组织和性能,讨论了它们问的关系．结果表明：0．25C钢经不同工艺热处理后均获得了马氏体组织,并发生不同程度的自回火现象,硬度均大于45HRC,屈服强度大于1000MPa,抗拉强度大于1500MPa,并具有一定的塑性和韧性;在860℃淬火或920℃淬火并250℃回火后,实验钢的硬度、强度、塑性和韧性有最佳的配合,耐磨性最佳;V微合金化对钢的组织和性能没有明显影响．0．33C钢860℃或920℃奥氏体化后以等于或大于2．0％／s的冷速连续冷却或风冷至室温,回火或不回火即可得到由贝氏体与马氏体组成的混合组织,硬度超过50HRC,屈服强度大于900MPa,抗拉强度大于1500MPa,有一定的塑性和韧性,耐磨性良好,与商用淬火一回火耐磨钢类似;但由于具有高的加工硬化能力和良好的冲击韧性,在冲击条件下的耐磨性会优于商用钢．不同工艺热处理后的试验钢的磨损率随砂纸粒度和载荷增大而增大,载荷的影响较大,而磨粒的影响较小．     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of FGBA/BG air cooling bainitic steels containing niobium

The effect of different Nb additions on the mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite(F_(GBA)) / granular bainite(B_G) air cooling bainitic steels was investigated.The results indicate that the tensile strength and yield strength increase by 157 and 97 MPa,respectively with the addition of 0.02wt%Nb.The steel acquires superior strength and toughness with the addition of 0.06wt%Nb.The results of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron micro...     

600MPa级钛微合金化高强钢的组织与性能研究

采用光学显微镜、透射电镜以及能谱分析等对转炉CSP流程600 MPa级钛微合金化高强钢的组织及性能进行研究。结果表明,试验钢具有良好的综合力学性能,其典型组织为多边形铁素体加粒状贝氏体;位错和位错胞的强化作用成为钛微合金钢的主要强化机制之一;钢中M/A岛在增加试验钢强度的同时并未明显降低其韧性和塑性;试验钢中存在TiN、TiC和TiS等析出物,为钢的细晶强化和析出强化提供了保证;试验钢中存在大量纳米级铁碳析出物,其沉淀强化作用不容忽视。     

Effect of zirconium addition on the austenite grain coarsening behavior and mechanical properties of 900 MPa low carbon bainite steel

The ultra-free bainitic microstructure of a 900 MPa low carbon bainitic Cu-Ni-Mo-B steel was obtained by a newly developed relaxation precipitation control (RPC) phase transformation processing.In a pan-cake like prior-anstenite grain,the microstructure consisted of lath bainite,a little of abnormal granular bainite,and acicular ferrite.The effect of zirconium carbonitrides on the austenite grain coarsening behavior was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The results show that,the lath is narrower with increasing cooling rate.The ratio of all kinds of bainitic microstructure is proper with the intermediate cooling rate;and Zr-containing precipitates distribute uniformly,which restrains austenite grain growing in heat-affected welding zone.     

Experimental study on 830 MPa grade pipeline steel containing chromium

The diversity of microstructure and properties of 830 Mpa grade pipeline steel containing chromium was investigated by optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The main microstructures were multiple configurations, containing lath bainite and granule bainite. Mechanical properties test results showed that the yield strength and tensile strength improved with in-creasing chromium content. The toughness and elongation decreased at the same time, so temper process was introduced. Appling proper temper parameters, the values of toughness and elongation were improved dramatically, and the strength decreased slightly.     

高速车轮钢断裂韧性与组织结构的关系

以CLSOD车轮钢为研究对象,对断裂韧性水平不同的试样断口进行显微组织分析,研究组织中晶粒尺寸、铁素体含量、珠光体片层间距对材料断裂韧性的影响。结果表明,车轮钢断裂韧性随着平均晶粒尺寸、5％最大平均晶粒尺寸的增大而降低,晶粒越均匀,断裂韧性越高;断裂韧性起初随铁素体含量的增加而增大,达到一个峰值后随着铁素体含量的增加而减小;在珠光体片层间距为0．13-0．16μm的范围内,断裂韧性与珠光体片层间距的相关性不大。     

Ce—Ca、Ce—Mg微合金化钢大线能量焊接热影响粗晶区组织与力学性能研究

研究Ce-Ca、Ce-Mg微合金化低合金钢大线能量焊接热影响粗晶区（CGHAZ）的力学性能、组织结构及夹杂物成分与形态。结果表明,Ce-Ca微合金化钢CGHAZ的力学性能优于Ce-Mg微合金化钢CGHAZ的力学性能;Ce-Ca微合金化钢CGHAZ中Ce、Ca的氧硫复合化合物夹杂物主要呈球状,Ce—Mg微合金化钢CGHAZ中Ce、Mg的氧硫复合化合物夹杂物主要呈扁条状;氧硫化物与奥氏体基体之间弹性模量和热膨胀系数差别大;氧硫化物近旁产生应变场是晶内针状铁素体（IAF）形成的主要控制因素。     

Relaxation of Deformed Austenite and Refinement of Bainite in a Nb-Containing Microalloyed Steel

By means of stress relaxation and strain-induced precipitation in deformed austenite, bainite with micron sheaves size was ob-tained in Nb-containing steel. Microstructures of deformed samples isothermally relaxed for various time followed by cooling in water were examined. Stress relaxation test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to detect precipitation of microalloy elements, such as Nb, Ti, during isothermal holding after deformation. All the samples were constituted by lath-like bainite along with acicular ferrite, but the size of bainitic sheaves and the amount of acicular ferrite were changed with relaxation time. To achieve optimum refinement, relaxation should be confined in the stage when the precipitates have sufficiently grown and started to coarsen. The sample having not undergone relaxation does not exhibit obvious refinement despite of its higher dislocation density. These results indicate that relaxation promotes bainite to refine, which is because deformed austenitic grains are divided by dislocation walls formed during rela-xation and acicular ferrite formed before bainitic transformation.     

Study on laser welded heat-affected zone in new ultralow carbon bainitic steel

800 MPa grade ultralow carbon bainitic （NULCB） steel is the recently developed new generation steel, which was produced by thermo mechanical controlled processing ＆ relaxation-precipitation controlling transformation （TMCP＆RPC） tech- nique. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the heat-affected zone （HAZ） in NULCB steel under laser welding conditions were investigated by using a Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator. The experimental results indicate that the simplex microstructure in the HAZ is granular bainite that consists of bainite-ferrite （BF） lath and M-A constituent when the cooling time from 800 to 500℃ （t8/5） is 0.3-30 s, and the M-A constituent consists of twinned martensite and residual austenite. As t8/5 increases, the hardness and tensile strength of HAZ decreases, but they are higher than that of the base metal, indicating the absence of softened zone after laser welding. The impact toughness of HAZ increases at first and then decreases when t8/5 increases. The impact energy of HAZ is much higher than that of the base metal when t8/5 is between 3 and 15 s. It indicates that excellent low temperature toughness can be obtained under appropriate laser welding conditions.