钢筋混凝土构件损伤状态的声发射识别

为实现钢筋混凝土构件的损伤识别,利用声发射技术对钢筋混凝土梁进行了损伤监测研究。采用Hilbert-Huang变换对声发射信号进行了分析,利用经验模态分解(EMD)将信号分解为固有模态函数(IMF),得到Hilbert谱,反映信号时频特性。从IMF中提取声发射特征参数,即固有模态函数最大瞬时幅值和特征瞬时频率。通过参数与波形的混合分析,确定钢筋混凝土构件的损伤状态,获得结构加固修复和失效破坏的两个安全预警信号,为声发射技术应用于钢筋混凝土结构健康监测提供理论基础。     

聚丙烯纤维机制砂水泥砂浆干缩性能试验研究

以机制砂水泥砂浆为研究对象,探讨了机制砂中石粉含量、聚丙烯纤维掺量对水泥砂浆干缩性能的影响.在分析石粉含量分别为0%,7.9%,10%,15%,20%,25%和30%时的影响并确定最佳含量的基础上,考虑聚丙烯纤维掺量分别为0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2 kg/m3及纤维长度分别为6,12,18 mm时,研究了聚丙烯纤维对机制砂水泥砂浆干缩性能的改善效果.结果表明,掺入1.2 kg/m3、长度18 mm的聚丙烯纤维可以有效减小机制砂水泥砂浆的干缩值.     

Analysis of Dynamic Tensile Process of Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Acoustic Emission Technique

The fiber reinforced concrete has good dynamic mechanical properties. But corresponding research lacks the dynamic damage characteristics of the polypropylene fiber (fiber of low elastic modulus) and steel fiber (fiber of high elastic modulus) reinforced concrete under medium strain rate (10^-6 s^-1-10^-4 s^-1). In order to study the effect of strain rate on the damage characteristics of fiber reinforced concrete during the full curve damage process, the real time dynamic acoustic emission (AE) technique was applied to monitor the damage process of fiber reinforced concrete at three strain rates. The AE wavelet energy spectrum in ca8 frequency band and average AE peak frequency at three strain rates were analyzed. With the accumulation of damage, the AE wavelet energy spectrum in ca8 frequency band increased first and then decreased, and the average AE peak frequency increased gradually. With the increase of strain rate, the AE wavelet energy spectrum in ca8 frequency band and average AE peak frequency decreased gradually. The polypropylene fiber content has more obvious effect on the Dynamic increase factor (DIF) of the peak stress than the steel fiber content. The theoretical basis was provided for the monitoring of dynamic damage of fiber reinforced concrete based on the AE technique.     

Dynamic Properties of Fiber Reinforced Cement Mortar

Based on the shear wave tracing(SWT) technique proposed by Tang Z P, particle velocity gauge and the dual internal measurement for pressure and shear waves (IMPS) system are applied to investigate the responses of fiber reinforced cement subjected to impact loading. Series of experiments are conducted. The results show that there exist four critical points, A, B, C, D, in p - V Hugoniot curves. They correspond to the Hugoniot elastic limit (I/EL) of the material, the critical point for shear strength limit and transition from damage state to failure state, void collapse, and solid compression, respectively. The critical point B is difficult to be aware of and never reported. However, it can be clearly disclosed with SWT method. Based on the analyses of shear strength, it can be concluded that the transversal wave, especially the unloading transversal wave, is especially important for the dynamic damage investigation of brittle materials.     

玄武岩纤维混凝土抗弯冲击的声发射特性研究

结合不同纤维掺量的玄武岩纤维混凝土(简称BFRC)与无纤维的普通混凝土抗弯冲击试验,采用全数字化声发射系统采集对BFRC从加载至最终破坏的声发射特征参数,识别BFRC以声发射特征参数为基础的损伤断裂机制。结果表明,在较合理的纤维掺量为1.05kg/m3时,BFRC初裂次数达到73次,与素混凝土梁相比提高108.2%,终裂次数达到81次,与素混凝土梁相比提高100.5%。BFRC具有以下声发射特征:1)不同掺量的BFRC在初裂前平均振铃计数和平均能量都比素混凝土小,玄武岩纤维能够有效阻止冲弯作用下裂纹的产生和发展;2)初裂后,素混凝土采集的声发射能量和振铃计数急剧降低,而BFRC每次冲击产生的高幅值信号在第一峰值后交替产生,玄武岩纤维能够延迟混凝土的断裂并提高其冲击延性。     

聚丙烯纤维防水砼在防渗工程中的应用

简介纤维砼在国内外应用研究的发展动态,分析纤维砼的机理和性能,探讨纤维防水砼在水利防渗工程中的应用,介绍应用实例及开发设计方案     

矿渣聚丙烯纤维混凝土的抗压性能

为研究矿渣聚丙烯纤维混凝土的抗压性能,采用Φ101.6 mm×203.2 mm圆柱型试样,应用LVDT计算机自动数据传输采集系统测试了矿渣聚丙烯纤维混凝土试样的轴心抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比,进行了SEM电镜扫描分析.结果表明,聚丙烯纤维降低了混凝土抗压强度和弹性模量,增加了泊松比;然而,矿渣提高了混凝土的抗压强度和弹性模量;聚羧酸系超塑化剂与水泥的相容性较好;聚丙烯纤维、矿渣和聚羧酸系超塑化剂的复合效应明显.基于实验数据提出弹性模量和抗压强度之间的关系式Ec=5 103(∮)c'0.4333,经误差分析,适用于矿渣聚丙烯纤维混凝土.电镜扫描测试分析表明,配比不同的混凝土产生了不同形状和性能的水化物,对混凝土宏观抗压强度影响显著.     

Acoustic Emission and Damage Characteristics of Alumina

Advanced multi-channels acoustic emission(AE)system is used to study the fracture process of alumina material subjected by three-point-bending loading.Using AE counts and AE hits,the location of damage and damage characteristics are discussed.AE energy,AE counts,AE amplitude changing with loading time are analyzed for the notched alumina specimen.It is indicated that AE characteristic parameters reflect the damage process and fracture of material.     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土的工作性与力学性能

研究了聚丙烯纤维和粉煤灰对混凝土的工作性和力学性能的影响.试验结果表明:在混凝土中掺加1.0‰聚丙烯纤维,可以降低新拌混凝土坍落度经时损失,使混凝土拌合物的泌水率降低了35%.与普通混凝土相比,聚丙烯纤维对混凝土的抗压强度影响不大,但28 d劈拉强度提高45%,抗折强度提高19%,拉压比提高46%.同时掺加聚丙烯纤维和粉煤灰,混凝土坍落度经时损失与单掺聚丙烯纤维混凝土相似,但可以改善混凝土泌水率、劈拉强度和抗折强度.     

温度对聚丙烯纤维砂浆及测强曲线的影响

目的研究温度对聚丙烯纤维砂浆及测强曲线的影响,为以后工程防火加固选用砂胶比提供依据,从而达到降低成本的目的．方法通过测试不同胶砂质量比的聚丙烯纤维砂浆的初始流动度、终凝时间、抗压强度和抗折强度,研究不同温度下不同碳纤维掺量的聚丙烯纤维砂浆的耐高温性能．结果当碳纤维体积分数为0．3％、胶砂质量比为1．5时,聚丙烯纤维砂浆流动度大于320mm,终凝时间60min左右,28d抗压强度大于80MPa,1000℃高温燃烧后,残余50％以上强度,各龄期的测强曲线与实测强度有较好的拟合关系．结论采用普通硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、石膏三元体系,通过添加碳纤维、偏高岭土掺合料及多种化学添加剂,可满足工程实际需要,并且具有良好的经济性．     

聚丙烯纤维增强泡沫混凝土性能研究

利用体积法计算出不同干密度聚丙烯纤维增强泡沫混凝土的配合比,制备出聚丙烯纤维增强泡沫混凝土。研究不同等级干密度对其力学性能、保温性能和干燥收缩性能的影响,并在良好保温性能、强度与较低干收缩条件下,探讨聚丙烯纤维增强泡沫混凝土的最优干密度。结果表明:干密度等级越高的聚丙烯增强泡沫混凝土力学性能好,干燥收缩值变化较小,但其导热系数较大,保温性能差。具有良好保温性能、强度与较低干收缩聚丙烯纤维增强泡沫混凝土的最优干密度为800-900 Kg/m3。     

CFRP网增强复合砂浆加固不同轴压比 框架节点的抗震性能研究

采用4个1:2缩尺比例的十字型RC框架节点试件,1个为对比试件、3个为加固试件,在不卸轴压力情况下采用CFRP网增强的高性能复合砂浆对试件进行加固。通过试验研究与数值模拟相结合的方法,探索了该加固法加固框架节点的效果,重点研究了轴压比变化对加固效果的影响,包括加固试件的破坏形式、承载力和延性、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、耗能能力等。研究结果表明:采用CFRP网增强的高性能复合砂浆加固框架节点是一种有效加固方法,且在一定的轴压比范围内,加固试件耗能能力、极限承载力随轴压比的增大而提高,但其极限位移、延性性能随轴压比的增大而降低。加固节点抗剪承载力的数值模拟结果同实验结果符合度较高,验证了此次建模具有较好的可靠性。     

丙纶基纤维增强复合材料的成型工艺探讨

以玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维为增强纤维,丙纶为基体纤维,利用包缠技术制得复合线,织造平纹组织预制件,采用直接热压成型工艺制备丙纶基纤维增强机织复合材料,并对复合材料的成型工艺进行了优化设计。研究结果表明：在合理且统一的热压工艺参数条件下,采用多层预制件复合,且在加工模具中添加与预制件厚度相适应的垫片,可以得到成型效果良好的丙纶基纤维增强机织复合材料,达到成型优化的目的,同时满足了复合材料在厚度上的要求。     

Preparation and Properties of Unmodified Ramie Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

Ramie fiber(RF) was used to reinforce the polypropylene(PP). The composites were prepared with a melting hybrid technology. Tests had been performed on PP and composites with different RF contents(10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%). By using SEM, DSC, TGA, electronic universal testing machine, HDT-VICAT tester and coefficient of linear expansion tester, the effects of the RF loading were assessed on the basis of morphologies, mechanical and thermal properties as well as vicat softening temperature and CTE of the resulting composites. The results show that the thermal degradation temperature of the PP/RF composites becomes lower with higher fiber content. The crystallization rate of the PP matrix is accelerated by the unmodified RF. Because of the inferior interfacial bonding strength between RF and PP, the tensile strength of composites decreases by the presence of RF. And the RF used is relatively long compared with the diameter, the impact strength of the composites is improved by the unmodified RF. The vicat softening temperature of composites can be increased by about 5 ℃ in the presence of RF compared with PP. The CTE is reduced significantly in the presence of RF. Generally speaking, impact strength, crystallization rate, vicat softening temperature and CTE of PP/RF composites could be improved in the presence of RF. The tensile strength is decreased and thermal degradation temperature of composites becomes lower, but these should not affect most subsequent normal uses of the composites. As the unmodified RF is used directly, no hazardous waste is produced during the fabrication process, combined with the low price, so, a facile and economic preparation pathway is given by using unmodified natural fiber to reinforce polymer and composites with good performance obtained.     

纤维直径对聚丙烯纤维混凝土单丝拉拔性能的影响

以纤维直径为变量,建立了聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土的单丝拉拔数值模型,分析了纤维直径对单丝拉拔性能的影响。结果表明:纤维直径越大,单丝拉拔试件的峰值荷载越大,但拉拔韧度和界面最大粘结强度则越小;纤维直径的变化对单丝拉拔损伤破坏现象影响甚微;纤维直径较小的试件能够获得多次声发射峰值,耗能较大,具有良好的增韧效果。     

基于SHPB试验的聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土动态力学性能研究

采用变截面大尺寸Hopkinson压杆,对直径100 mm的两种聚丙烯纤维混凝土和素混凝土试件进行了冲击压缩试验,得到了不同应变率下试件的动态压缩强度及应力应变全过程曲线.从能量耗散的角度讨论了聚丙烯纤维对混凝土的增韧作用,用弹簧一摩擦块复合模型对聚丙烯纤维对混凝土的增韧机理进行了探讨.结果表明,在冲击压缩的高应变率加载条件下,在冲击压缩的初始阶段,聚丙烯纤维的增韧作用并不明显,在卸载阶段,聚丙烯纤维混凝土韧性要明显好于素混凝土.试验为聚丙烯纤维混凝土在防护工程领域与军事领域的应用提供了参考.     

不同PPF掺量的高性能混凝土高温后性能研究

高性能混凝土具有低渗透性,在火灾高温下不可避免地发生爆炸。试验设计了144个掺有不同聚丙烯纤维(PPF)掺量的高性能混凝土立方体试块,在经历了20~800℃的温度后,研究高性能混凝土在高温后的物理、力学性能变化规律。最后分析了聚丙烯纤维影响混凝土高温后性能的机理。     

纤维复合材料在偏光场中的行为

本文用自制的显微激光分析仪对纤维复合材料进行透射式光弹研究,发现包括光弹性复合材料在内的纤维复合材料具有不同于传统的均质光弹性材料(或均质双折射材料)和偏振器的双折射行为。用仅含一个滞后器的现有光弹理论不能解释这一行为。由此对现有光弹性复合材料双折射测量方法提出疑问,并提出具有两个独立滞后量(δ_1,δ_2)的新矩阵,由此矩阵导出的各光弹公式均与实验曲线吻合。且当δ_1=δ_2时,所提出的矩阵及公式可化为传统的光弹矩阵及公式。δ_1、δ_2与纤维复合材料内部应力的关系有待于进一步研究。而这一研究有可能为测量纤维复合材料内部应力提供新的途径。