静电纺丝法制备陶瓷中空纳米纤维的研究进展

陶瓷中空纳米纤维具有特殊的纳米一维管式结构, 在微电子、应用催化、气体传感器和光电转换等领域具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了静电纺丝法制备陶瓷中空纳米纤维的最新研究进展, 主要包括同轴静电纺丝法、单针头静电纺丝法以及后处理法在制备陶瓷中空纳米纤维方面的发展趋势, 重点介绍了单针头静电纺丝法在制备中空纳米结构上存在的相转化、气体挥发和柯肯达尔效应等机理, 并且对于陶瓷中空纳米纤维的应用前景以及不足进行了展望与总结。     

静电纺纳米纤维用于过滤介质的研究现状

静电纺丝技术能便捷地制备连续性纳米纤维,为高效过滤提供了新的过滤介质.介绍了静电纺纳米纤维用于过滤介质所需要的结构与性能的表征,详细总结了静电纺纳米纤维用于液体过滤和气体过滤的研究现状,并在此基础上展望了静电纺纳米纤维用于过滤介质的开发趋势.     

氧化/还原氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料的研究

综述了以氧化/还原氧化石墨烯为基体的纳米复合材料的最新研究成果和应用进展.对石墨烯的氧化和脱氧化机理进行了介绍;着重阐述了石墨烯与金属、金属化合物和导电聚合物的纳米复合,包括纳米复合材料的制备方法、主要性能及应用前景,并对类似纳米复合材料的性能进行了归纳;最后,结合我国目前的实际情况对以石墨烯为基体的纳米复合材料发展中所面临的机遇和挑战进行了总结和展望.     

纳米WO_3的结构、制备及应用前景

在国内外最新研究文献的基础上总结了纳米WO3的多种制备方法及各自优缺点,其中详细介绍了溶-胶凝胶法、溅射法、化学气相沉积法、蒸发法等,并对纳米WO3的潜在应用进行了介绍,并展望了其发展方向.     

TiO2纳米管气敏材料的研究与应用

TiO2纳米管在气体传感、光电转换、光催化、光裂解等方面具有广阔的应用前景.在气体传感器领域,最新的研究数据表明:室温下通入1000×10-6H2,TiO2纳米管气体传感器的灵敏度高达108.7,这是迄今为止所有材料在任意温度下对任意气体的最大灵敏度.综述了TiO2纳米管气体传感器的研究进展,分析了TiO2纳米管的制备方法、微观结构以及TiO2纳米管气体传感器的性能和敏感机理,展望了TiO2纳米管气体传感器的发展方向.     

新型纳米碳材料的应用新进展

近年来,富勒烯、纳米碳管和石墨烯的发现和报道使纳米碳材料受到各界广泛地重视。新型碳材料可以显著提高复合材料的机械性能和导热性能;制备出具有特殊形貌和微观结构的电极材料,应用在电化学器件中可以改善电化学性能,提高能量转化效率;在催化剂和储氢材料方面也有良好的应用前景。主要总结了这三种纳米碳材料的优异性能及其在储氢材料、超级电容器、催化材料等领域的最新研究进展,并对其未来发展趋势予以展望。     

SiO2@Ag核壳结构纳米粒子的制备及其应用研究进展

SiO2@Ag核壳结构纳米粒子具有独特的物理性能、化学性能、生物学性能,在许多领域中具有重要的潜在应用价值,受到研究者广泛关注。综述了近年来国内外SiO2@Ag核壳结构纳米粒子的制备方法,即"种子"生长法、超声化学法、化学镀法、逐层组装法及其他方法,并重点介绍了"种子"生长法。总结了SiO2@Ag核壳结构纳米复合粒子在疾病诊治、高效催化、抗菌材料、红外隐身等领域应用的最新研究进展及作用机理,并对其未来发展进行了归纳与展望。     

纳米含能材料制备研究的最新进展

综述了纳米含能材料的性能及制备方法的最新研究进展,并对这些方法的优缺点进行了述评,分析了固体推进剂用纳米含能材料制备研究中存在的关键性问题,提出了纳米含能材料制备方法的研究方向及研究重点,并对其应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于环糊精自组装的纳米药物与基因载体研究进展

随着纳米技术与精准医学的不断发展,纳米药物与基因载体已被广泛应用于肿瘤等相关疾病的治疗。纳米技术不但能提高药物生物利用度,而且可以降低药物毒副作用,这对于开发新型药物制剂具有重要的意义。构筑纳米药物与基因载体的手段多种多样,自组装方法是目前最常用的手段之一。利用自组装可以构筑出具有新型结构与功能的超分子组装体,对探索和设计新型功能的纳米药物与基因载体具有重要的研究意义。通过环糊精自组装来构筑纳米药物与基因载体是目前的研究热点之一。自组装可以避免复杂的合成步骤与纯化工艺,具有方便、灵活与快捷的优势。通过两方面(共价偶联方案与聚轮烷方案)介绍了基于环糊精自组装的纳米药物与基因载体,并对其发展前景作了进一步的展望。     

配位诱导组装纳米结构材料

文章主要从配位诱导组装无机纳米粒子、配位诱导组装聚合物纳米粒子和配位诱导组装金属有机凝胶三个方面阐述纳米配位聚合物在离子交换、气体吸附和传感器等方面的应用,并对配位诱导组装纳米结构材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

Cancer nanotheranostics: improving imaging and therapy by targeted delivery across biological barriers

Cancer nanotheranostics aims to combine imaging and therapy of cancer through use of nanotechnology. The ability to engineer nanomaterials to interact with cancer cells at the molecular level can significantly improve the effectiveness and specificity of therapy to cancers that are currently difficult to treat. In particular, metastatic cancers, drug-resistant cancers, and cancer stem cells impose the greatest therapeutic challenge for targeted therapy. Targeted therapy can be achieved with appropriately designed drug delivery vehicles such as nanoparticles, adult stem cells, or T cells in immunotherapy. In this article, we first review the different types of nanotheranostic particles and their use in imaging, followed by the biological barriers they must bypass to reach the target cancer cells, including the blood, liver, kidneys, spleen, and particularly the blood-brain barrier. We then review how nanotheranostics can be used to improve targeted delivery and treatment of cancer cells. Finally, we discuss development of nanoparticles to overcome current limitations in cancer therapy.     

Biomaterials for Personalized Cell Therapy

Cell therapy has already had an important impact on healthcare and provided new treatments for previously intractable diseases. Notable examples include mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regeneration, islet transplantation for diabetes treatment, and T cell delivery for cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials have the potential to extend the therapeutic impact of cell therapies by serving as carriers that provide 3D organization and support cell viability and function. With the growing emphasis on personalized medicine, cell therapies hold great potential for their ability to sense and respond to the biology of an individual patient. These therapies can be further personalized through the use of patient-specific cells or with precision biomaterials to guide cellular activity in response to the needs of each patient. Here, the role of biomaterials for applications in tissue regeneration, therapeutic protein delivery, and cancer immunotherapy is reviewed, with a focus on progress in engineering material properties and functionalities for personalized cell therapies.     

Magnetic Helical Micro-and Nanorobots:Toward Their Biomedical Applications

Magnetic helical micro- and nanorobots can perfo rm 3D navigation in various liquids with a sub-micrometer precision under low-strength rotating magnetic fields( 10 m T). Since magnetic fields with low strengths are harmless to cells and tissues, magnetic helical micro/nanorobots are promising tools for biomedical applications, such as minimally invasive surgery, cell manipulation and analysis, and targeted therapy. This review provides general information on magnetic helical micro/nanorobots, including their fabrication, motion control, and further functionalization for biomedical applications.     

Emerging Delivery Strategies of Carbon Monoxide for Therapeutic Applications: from CO Gas to CO Releasing Nanomaterials

Carbon monoxide (CO) therapy has emerged as a hot topic under exploration in the field of gas therapy as it shows the promise of treating various diseases. Due to the gaseous property and the high affinity for human hemoglobin, the main challenges of administrating medicinal CO are the lack of target selectivity as well as the toxic profile at relatively high concentrations. Although abundant CO releasing molecules (CORMs) with the capacity to deliver CO in biological systems have been developed, several disadvantages related to CORMs, including random diffusion, poor solubility, potential toxicity, and lack of on‐demand CO release in deep tissue, still confine their practical use. Recently, the advent of versatile nanomedicine has provided a promising chance for improving the properties of naked CORMs and simultaneously realizing the therapeutic applications of CO. This review presents a brief summarization of the emerging delivery strategies of CO based on nanomaterials for therapeutic application. First, an introduction covering the therapeutic roles of CO and several frequently used CORMs is provided. Then, recent advancements in the synthesis and application of versatile CO releasing nanomaterials are elaborated. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of these important delivery strategies are proposed.     

Multifunctional nanocarriers and intracellular drug delivery

Multifunctional nanocarriers for the delivery and targeting of therapeutic and diagnostic agents in cancer therapy have received significantly increased interest in recent years.Several multifunctional nanocarriers engineered from a wide range of materials with consolidation of various functionalities for long circulation, targetability, stimuli-sensitivity, intracellular delivery for therapy and imaging have been shown to be capable of killing the desired target diseased cells with minimal side effects to provide enhanced contrast during imaging for disease location and monitor both the fate of the nanocarrier and treatment in real time. This review highlights recent advances in the design and engineering of multifunctional nanocarriers, along with the importance of intracellular delivery.     

气敏材料及传感器特性检测系统

讨论了在气敏材料及气敏传感器检测中遇到的问题和解决方法，并设计实现了新型检测系统，通过采用动态配气技术，结合计算机软硬件技术，采用按需设计测试流程的方法实现气敏传感器和气敏材料多方面性能的灵活检测，满足科研、生产中的不同检测需要。     

Surface‐functionalised hybrid nanoparticles for targeted treatment of cancer

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the great advancement in understanding the pharmacology and biology of cancer, it still signifies one of the most serious human‐health related problems. The current treatments for cancer may include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but these procedures have several limitations. Current studies have shown that nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as a novel strategy for cancer treatment. Developing nanosystems that allow lower doses of therapeutic agents, as well as their selective release in tumour cells, may resolve the challenges of targeted cancer therapy. In this review, the authors discuss the role of the size, shape, and surface modifications of NPs in cancer treatment. They also address the challenges associated with cancer therapies based on NPs. The overall purpose of this review is to summarise the recent developments in designing different hybrid NPs with promising therapeutic properties for different types of cancer.Inspec keywords: tumours, reviews, patient treatment, nanomedicine, surgery, radiation therapy, cellular biophysics, nanobiotechnology, nanoparticles, cancerOther keywords: current treatments, cancer treatment, targeted cancer therapy, cancer therapies, surface‐functionalised hybrid nanoparticles, targeted treatment, serious human‐health related problems     

Photosensitizer–Gold Nanorod Composite for Targeted Multimodal Therapy

In this work, a DNA inter‐strand replacement strategy for therapeutic activity is successfully designed for multimodal therapy. In this multimodal therapy, chlorin e6 (Ce6) photosensitizer molecules are used for photodynamic therapy (PDT), while aptamer‐AuNRs, are used for selective binding to target cancer cells and for photothermal therapy (PTT) with near infrared laser irradiation. Aptamer Sgc8, which specifically targets leukemia T cells, is conjugated to an AuNR by a thiol‐Au covalent bond and then hybridized with a Ce6‐labeled photosensitizer/reporter to form a DNA double helix. When target cancer cells are absent, Ce6 is quenched and shows no PDT effect. However, when target cancer cells are present, the aptamer changes structure to release Ce6 to produce singlet oxygen for PDT upon light irradiation. Importantly, by combining photosensitizer and photothermal agents, PTT/PDT dual therapy supplies a more effective therapeutic outcome than either therapeutic modality alone.     

Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy

Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy. Advances in protein engineering and materials science have contributed to novel nanoscale targeting approaches that may bring new hope to cancer patients. Several therapeutic nanocarriers have been approved for clinical use. However, to date, there are only a few clinically approved nanocarriers that incorporate molecules to selectively bind and target cancer cells. This review examines some of the approved formulations and discusses the challenges in translating basic research to the clinic. We detail the arsenal of nanocarriers and molecules available for selective tumour targeting, and emphasize the challenges in cancer treatment.     

Applications of Nanomaterials in Cell Stem Therapies and the Onset of Nanomedicine

Stem cells hold enormous potential in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, cirrhosis, spinal cord injury, and Alzheimer's disease, due to their unique ability to differentiate into various cell lines and tissues and integrate seamlessly into damaged or diseased tissue. The use of nanoparticles as bioactive molecules is still considered a nascent science, but their unique physical and chemical properties hold great hopes for drug delivery, cancer targeting, and bioimaging. There is active worldwide ongoing research to generate advanced therapeutic compounds for incurable diseases, combining the unique properties of nanomaterials and stem cells. The present review will cover emerging areas of nanotechnology applications in stem cell therapy, one of the next frontiers of medical science.