火灾高温下硬化水泥浆的化学分解特征

因高性能混凝土的抗火性与高温下硬化水泥浆（HCP）的化学分解有密切关系,为获得对火灾高温所致HCP化学分解特征的定量理解,对HCP试样进行了400～800℃的高温处理,采用XRD测定C-S—H化学分解动力学．结果表明,C—S—H分解始于560℃,但仅在600℃以上其分解才变得显著,且分解速度随温度升高而急剧增大．尽管C—S—H的分解可造成混凝土强度的显著下降,但这种分解主要发生在600℃以上温度范围内,故对更低温度下发生的高温爆裂基本没有影响．分别建立了在600、700和800℃温度下C—S—H分解反应动力学方程．     

轻骨料性能对界面区微观结构的影响

目的研究不同吸水率轻骨料制备的混凝土中骨料-水泥石界面区的微观形貌、水化产物的钙硅质量比、水泥石的显微硬度以及孔结构等性能参数．方法采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线能谱分析（EDXA）、显微硬度以及孔结构等试验手段,并与普通骨料混凝土进行对比分析．结果轻骨料-水泥石界面区各项性能均优于普通骨料,轻骨料吸水率越大、表面越粗糙,界面区水泥石结构越致密,孔结构呈细化趋势,低、中、高吸水率轻骨料-水泥石界面区显微硬度较普通骨料分别提高15．8％、79．6％和96．3％,界面增强层厚度为40～60μm,并且,中、高吸水率陶粒混凝土中,距骨料-水泥石界面-10～0μm范围内具有一个明显的内增强层．结论轻骨料性能对界面区水泥石微观结构具有显著影响,中、高吸水率轻骨料可使界面区结构得以改善．     

Directional solidification and physical properties measurements of the zinc-aluminum eutectic alloy

Zn-5wt％ Al eutectic alloy was directionally solidified with different growth rates (5.32-250.0 tm/s) at a constant temperature gradient of 8.50 K/mm using a Bridgman-type growth apparatus.The values of eutectic spacing were measured from transverse sections of the samples.The dependences of the eutectic spacing and undercooling on growth rate are determined as λ=9.21 V-0.53 and △T=0.0245 V0.53,respectively.The results obtained in this work were compared with the Jackson-Hunt eutectic theory and the similar experimental results in the literature.Microhardness of directionally solidified samples was also measured by using a microhardness test device.The dependency of the microhardness on growth rate is found as Hv=115.64V0.13.Afterwards,the electrical resistivity (r) of the casting alloy changes from 40× 10-9 to 108× 10-9 Ω·m with the temperature rising in the range of 300-630 K.The enthalpy of fusion (△H) and specific heat (Cp) for the Zn-Al eutectic alloy are calculated to be 113.37 J/g and 0.309 J/(g.K),respectively by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from heating trace during the transformation from liquid to solid.     

Zr元素对CoCrCuFeMn高熵合金组织及耐磨性能的影响

高熵合金突破以一种或两种元素作为基元的传统合金设计理念,以等摩尔比或近等摩尔比制备出具有简单相结构且综合性能优异的多主元合金,有望使金属材料的性能极限和应用空间得到进一步拓展。为了研究元素掺杂对合金物相结构、显微组织和耐磨性能的影响机理,采用真空熔炼法制备出等摩尔比的CoCrCuFeMn和CoCrCuFeMnZr高熵合金。利用XRD、OM、SEM、EDS、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机测试了Zr元素添加前后CoCrCuFeMn合金的物相结构、显微组织、硬度和耐磨性。研究发现：添加Zr元素后CoCrCuFeMnZr合金的物相结构由原来的两种FCC相转变为两种HCP相,显微组织明显细化,仍为典型的树枝晶结构。两种合金的摩擦曲线都呈现先增大后降低再稳定的变化趋势,添加Zr元素后合金的摩擦因数与质量损失率分别从原来的0.57、4.14%降低到0.47、0.49%,显微硬度从219.6HV提高到983.5HV。结果表明：合金相结构发生HCP转变主要与凝固过程中易于形成富含大原子半径Zr元素的粗糙固液界面和之字型为主的HCP位向关系有关。Cu在晶间区域富集的原因在于其熔点最低、电负性最大、原子半径仅次于Zr,且与除Zr外的所有合金元素均具有相应最大的正混合焓,故而使其在凝固最晚的晶间区域聚集。Mn元素偏析系数最小是由于其熔点仅高于Cu和具有除Zr外最大的电负性差,且与Co和Zr之间存在负的混合焓,而与Cu之间具有最大正混合焓,不利于其进行长程扩散和进入领先相的点阵格位所致。Zr元素添加使合金硬度和耐磨性大幅提高则是由于细晶强化、固溶强化和相结构转变所致。     

高液限土最佳掺水泥比的确定

本文分别进行了9组代表性广东省云罗高速沿线高液限土掺水泥0%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%后的承载比试验。按照细颗粒含量、液限、素土CBR值分别对高液限土进行分类,根据掺水泥改良后的CBR值为20时,分别确定不同分类高液限土的最佳掺灰比例范围,再综合考虑这三种不同要素确定最佳掺灰比例范围。得出有益的结论：细颗粒含量对CBR值的影响大于液限;高液限土的最佳掺灰比在2.0%左右;对液限较低、细颗粒含量较小的高液限土可直接填筑;对液限高、细颗粒含量大的高液限土应作弃方处理。     

Effects of Curing Temperature on Rheological Behaviour and Compressive Strength of Cement Containing GGBFS

The viscoplasticity and compressive strength of cement with high erosion performance were studied. The influences of curing temperature and content of ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS) on these performances of the medium heat cement(including high iron and low calcium phase) were also investigated. The results indicate that the medium heat cement with high iron phase can maintain better fluidity and low temperature sensitivity than that of ordinary Portland cement at high temperature. GGBFS can play an important role in improving the fluidity and stability of the slurry, and avoid the cement setting and hardening prematurely at high temperatures. The microstructure analysis shows that a large amount of CH with layer shape appear in the slurry. The amount of this gel layer in the slurry increased as the curing temperature elevated. The layer can make the cement stone structure more denser, so that the compressive strength of samples are enhanced in the later stage. When the medium heat cement contains 40% GGBFS, the system has the best flow performance and stability under high temperature environment, and can be applied to mass concrete with excessive internal temperature.     

Piezoresistive response extraction for smart cement-based composites/sensors

A kind of piezoresistive response extraction method for smart cement-based composites/sensors was proposed.Two kinds of typical piezoresistive cement-based composites/sensors were fabricated by respectively adding carbon nanotubes and nickel powders as conductive fillers into cement paste or cement mortar.The variation in measured electrical resistance of such cement-based composites/sensors was explored without loading and under repeated compressive loading and impulsive loading.The experimental results indicate that the measured electrical resistance of piezoresistive cement-based composites/sensors exhibits a two-stage variation trend of fast increase and steady increase with measurement time without loading,and an irreversible increase after loading.This results from polarization caused by ionic conduction in these composites/sensors.After reaching a plateau,the measured electrical resistance can be divided into an electrical resistance part and an electrical capacity part.The piezoresistive responses of electrical resistance part in measured electrical resistance to loading can be extracted by eliminating the linear electrical capacity part in measured electrical resistance.     

特细砂高强混凝土的微观结构测试与研究

本文用细度模数为０．５６的特细砂配制２８天抗压强度达８０ＭＰａ，抗渗透压大于４．０ＭＰａ，收缩徐变小的高强混凝土进行了孔隙结构，水化产物，水泥石有料界面过渡区显微硬度测试和研究。     

Improvement of the FRP sheet bonded to concrete substrate by silane coupling agent

We experimentally studied the fine lightweight aggregate with the particle size range of 3.15-4.75 mm used as functional bridge between FRP sheet and concrete substrate. However, problems would appear and how to deal with the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and make it stronger is the key point for this concept. Considering that silane coupling agent (SCA) can provide a better bond on a silicon-containing material surface, it was introduced as a modifying material to further improve the bond quality of the ITZ between lightweight aggregate and cement paste. Results indicated that the water absorptivity of lightweight aggregate can be controlled by SCA solutions, and the pull-off bond strength, mechanical strength, and microhardness were increased, which was attributed to the optimized microstructure under the condition of an appropriate concentration of SCA.     

石粉对水泥湿堆积密度和混凝土性能的影响

石灰岩机制砂的用量越来越大,相应地,它的副产物石灰岩石粉也越来越多。如果不能合理地将石粉加以利用,势必给环境造成很大的负担。以石粉做矿物掺合料取代水泥为研究目的,对比了在0%、10%、15%、20%时的比例等质量取代水泥,对混凝土工作性能、抗压强度和抗渗性能的影响,得出石粉取代水泥的比例为10%左右时,对混凝土的性能有较好的改善作用。通过测其石粉和水泥混合后的湿堆积密度,得出石粉的质量比为10%时,二者的密实度最大。表明石粉做掺合料时,可通过二者混合后密实度的变化来判断二者的最佳比例。     

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Restrained Early Age Cracking based on Electrical Resistivity Using Eccentric Sample

Crack potential and hydration processes of the cement pastes were monitored using an upto-date eccentric steel cracking frame(ESCF), associated with the non-contact electrical resistivity apparatus, independently. The objective of employing the ESCF is to give a new method determining cracks of concrete at early age. The findings indicate that the lowest water-cement ratio paste reveals highest resistivity values, compasses an earlier inflection point and obtained higher stress. The eccentric restrained cracking test exhibited that lower water-cement ratio paste cracked at the earliest time, accordingly confirms cracking tendency is the highest. Tensile strength test and stresses utilizing ABAQUS simulation was performed. The crack initiation ages obtained are consistent with the experimental program results, which indicates that ABAQUS numerical analysis can well be utilized to predict the crack tendency of cement.     

混凝土防冻剂液灰比研究

从冻点测定结果导出了混凝土防冻剂溶液相图中的冰─液平衡线及其数学表达式．提出了“液灰化”概念及公式以估算掺防冻剂混凝土负温度下的液相水量．以此为基础的研究可以得到如下的防冻剂作用机理：某负温度下掺防冻剂混凝土存在液相,其中防冻剂浓度恒定,混凝土中液灰比只取决于防冻剂的残余量,因此水泥水化所耗的液相水由冰融化得以补足,水泥中液相水不会消失,故水泥水化可不断进行．掺一些防冻剂混凝土存在最佳液灰比及最佳防冻剂掺量．     

矿渣水泥中掺用大量粉煤灰的抗压强度特性

在矿渣水泥中大量掺用粉煤灰来生产水泥是一种新技术。这种复合水泥(代号P.O)由于参入了两种活性混合料,较单一混合料的水泥具有更好的使用效果,其性能一般受所用两种混合料的矿物成分、比表面积、掺量及配合比的影响。本文用矿渣水泥、粉煤灰、激发剂及填充料四种成分按一定比例配制复合水泥后,着重探讨了激发剂以及填充料对其抗压强度的影响。其结果表明,在矿渣水泥中大量掺用粉煤灰时,必须添加少量的激发剂,才能满足早期强度的技术性能,单独使用各种激发剂对早期强度的提高并没有显著的效果,各种激发剂之间存在最佳配合比。     

The evolution of hardness homogeneity in commercially pure Ti processed by ECAP

The evolution of hardness homogeneity in commercially pure titanium processed by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) for up to 4 passes following route C at room temperature using a die of 90° was investigated by recording the microhardness on the cross-sectional and longitudinal planes of each billet. The results show that the hardness increases signifi cantly after the fi rst pass although there is a region of lower hardness on the cross-section running in a band near the bottom surface of the billet, and then increases by very small amounts in subsequent passes. With increasing numbers of passes, the lower hardness region near the bottom surface disappears and the microhardness values are distributed homogeneously throughout the crosssectional and longitudinal planes after 4 passes of ECAP. The microhardness values in the central regions of the billet are slightly lower than those of the top and bottom surfaces. The results show that good homogeneity may be achieved throughout the billets after 4 passes of ECAP following route C.     

基于水膜厚度假设分析磨细高炉矿渣对水泥浆性能影响

为探索磨细高炉矿渣对水泥浆性能及其水膜厚度的影响,研究测量了30组不同水胶比、不同磨细高炉矿渣掺量的水泥–;矿渣复合浆体的流动性能、黏聚性和抗压强度.为探索浆体的流变性能控制机理,进一步测量了5组不同磨细高炉矿渣掺量水泥–;矿渣复合浆体的填充密度,并基于填充密度测量结果计算出各浆体试样配比的水膜厚度,探索水膜厚度对水泥–;矿渣复合浆体流变性能的影响.实验结果表明,适量磨细高炉矿渣的掺入能提高浆体的流动性能和抗压强度,黏聚性些许减弱,最优配比磨细高炉矿渣掺量为5%,此时水泥–;矿渣复合浆体综合性能最好.磨细高炉矿渣掺入能提高胶凝材料的填充密度,水膜厚度为流动性主要控制因素,水泥浆的流动性能随水膜厚度增大而增大.     

Resistance Responses of Carbon Fiber Cement to Cycled Compressive Stresses

1Introduction Thestudyofthecement basedmaterialswithcarbon fibershaslastedmorethanonedecade.Carbonfiberisa high performanceandmulti functionalreinforcementma terial.Itpossessesaseriesofexcellentcharacteristics,suchaslowthermalexpansion,highelectricalcondu…     

Applied technique of the cemented fill with fly ash and fine-sands

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Degradation of Formaldehyde and Benzene by TiO_2 Photocatalytic Cement Based Materials

A novel photocatalytic cement based material was prepared. The distribution of TiO_2 on the surface of cement was characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD), which showed the relationship of photocatalysis and presence of TiO_2. TiO_2 also had an impact on cement hydration, which was studied by thermal analysis. With 300 W UV illuminations, formaldehyde and benzene were degraded efficiently by the prepared photocatalytic cement based materials. 15wt% TiO_2/cement showed the highest degradation efficiency and capability. The results show that formaldehyde and benzene can be degraded within 4 and 9 hours, respectively. Besides, inorganic ions can induce TiO_2 agglomeration. As a result, the presence of inorganic ions in cement is unfavorable for degradation. The photocatalytic cement based materials were fabricated and the degradation efficiency of formaldehyde was measured on building roof under sunlight illumination. Formaldehyde in glass chamber can be degraded thoroughly within 10 days.     

激光熔覆Co基合金/MoSi_2复合涂层显微组织分析

在304不锈钢表面预置Co基合金和MoSi2混合粉末,采用激光熔覆技术制备Co基合金/MoSi2复合涂层.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针和X衍射仪对熔覆层显微组织进行分析,并测试其显微硬度.结果表明熔覆层与基体呈良好的冶金结合.熔覆层中存在两种明显不同的凝固特征：一是MoSi2的添加量在0～20%之间,涂层组织主要由柱状树枝亚共晶和枝晶间共晶组成;二是MoSi2的添加量在30%～80%之间时,涂层组织主要是形貌各异的小平面树枝过共晶组成如竹叶状、星状、蝴蝶状、花瓣状等.其中Co基合金/40wt.%MoSi2复合涂层的平均显微硬度达到最大值1 455 HV0.2,是基体材料的4.9倍.     

Change of Electrochemical Property of Reinforced Concrete after Electrochemical Chloride Extraction

The half cell potential （HCP） and corrosion current of reinforced concrete specimens doped with sodium chloride were determined after electrochemical chloride extraction （ECE）. The experimental results show that when ECE treatment is removed, HCP becomes more negative and corrosion current becomes larger in comparison to those before ECE treatment, then HCP shifts positively and corrosion current decreases with time. After 30 days ECE treatment, the HCP of cored specimens turn to about -100 mV due to the existence of sufficient oxygen around the exposed steel bars, but for un-cored specimens, longer time, about two months, is to be taken. The non-homogeneous HCP distribution at different layers of the same specimen after ECE treatment might induce secondary corrosion of steels.