挤压变形Mg-4%Zn-0.5%Zr-xCe合金的显微组织与拉伸性能

针对挤压态和热处理态挤压变形Mg-4%Zn-0.5%Zr-xCe合金的显微组织和拉伸性能进行了研究,以确定稀土元素Ce和T5处理对该类合金性能的影响规律.结果表明,加入稀土元素Ce可以有效地细化挤压变形Mg-4%Zn-0.5%Zr合金的组织,提高其室温抗拉强度、屈服强度和断裂伸长率.经过T5处理后,Mg-4%Zn-0.5%Zr-xCe合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度可以得到显著提高,其中Ce质量分数为1%的合金具有最优的综合拉伸性能.断口形貌观察结果表明,不同处理状态的挤压变形Mg-4%Zn-0.5%Zr-xCe合金在拉伸加载条件下主要呈现脆性和韧性混合断裂.     

热挤压Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu-xY合金的显微组织及力学性能

针对含稀土元素Y和T6态热挤压Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu-xY合金的显微组织、硬度以及拉伸性能进行了研究,以确定稀土元素Y和T6处理对其力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,稀土元素Y的加入可有效地细化热挤压Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu合金的组织.适宜的T6处理可以提高Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu-xY合金的布氏硬度,其中Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu-0.25%Y合金经480℃×3 h+120℃×26 h热处理后,其室温抗拉强度以及屈服强度均得到显著提高,表现出良好的综合拉伸性能.断口形貌观察结果表明,含Y量不同的T6态挤压变形Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu-xY合金在拉伸加载条件下呈现典型的韧性断裂特征.     

挤压温度对固相再生ZM6镁合金组织和性能的影响

利用固相再生方法在挤压比为25：1的条件下,将ZM6镁合金屑分别在350℃、400℃、450℃和500℃温度下制备成试样,进行微观组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明：当挤压温度为400℃时,ZM6耐热镁合金没有发生再结晶,合金中金属化合物在挤压过程中被打碎,均匀分布在基体中;当挤压温度为450℃和500℃时,ZM6镁合金发生部分动态再结晶;随着挤压温度的提高,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率提高;在挤压温度为500℃,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为300．2MPa、142．9MPa和30％。合金室温拉伸断口主要表现为穿晶韧窝断裂。     

Mg-Y4-Nd3合金的組織與摩擦磨損性能

研究了Mg-Y4-Nd3合金鑄態和T6處理(525℃固溶處理8 h,250℃時效處理16 h)后的顯微組織、力學性能和摩擦磨損性能。結果表明:鑄造Mg-Y4-Nd3合金共晶相分布在α-Mg固溶體晶界上,呈不連續網狀分布。經過固溶時效處理后,合金為等軸晶組織,共晶相基本固溶到-αMg基體中,時效析出沉淀相呈彌散分布。兩種處理合金的抗拉強度都隨溫度的升高而降低,伸長率均隨溫度的升高而升高,同溫度下,T6處理的合金抗拉強度高于鑄態合金。T6處理的合金在干滑動摩擦條件下,隨著載荷的增加,摩擦系數降低,磨損量增加,磨損機制由磨粒磨損伴有氧化磨損向剝層磨損過渡,在高載荷下磨損表面出現塑性變形擠出現象。     

退火态及马氏体态Zr-Nb合金拉伸性能分析

为研究马氏体对锆合金拉伸性能的影响,采用静态环向拉伸试验方法对退火态及马氏体状态的Zr-Nb合金核燃料包壳管在室温和400℃下的环向拉伸性能进行了研究,并对拉伸断口进行了微观形貌的观察.结果表明：室温和400℃相比,马氏体状态的Zr-Nb合金相比退火态Zr-Nb合金强度高,韧性好,退火态Zr-Nb合金的局部塑性变形较大;从微观上看退火态和马氏体态Zr-Nb合金室温与400℃的拉伸断裂后均呈现微孔聚集型韧性断裂.     

Ce对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc合金组织和力学性能的影响

为了研究Ce元素对T6态Al-7.5Zn-2Mg-2.3Cu-0.1Sc合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,通过改变合金中Ce元素的添加量,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子万能实验机对合金的显微组织、拉伸断口形貌和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,加入质量分数为0.2%的Ce元素可以显著细化Al-7.5Zn-2Mg-2.3Cu-0.1Sc合金的铸态和T6态显微组织.在合金的T6处理过程中随着时效时间的增加,合金硬度和抗拉强度均先增加后降低,合金的硬度和抗拉强度峰值分别为216 HB和681.7 MPa,合金最高屈服强度为638.2 MPa.合金拉伸断口呈韧脆混合断裂特征.     

氮对Ti-6Al合金的铸态组织与性能的影响

采用熔铸工艺制备了w(N)=0.045~0.27%的原位自生氮化物增强钛铝基复合材料.分析测试了该材料的铸态组织和合金的力学性能.研究结果表明:在Ti-6A l的合金中,当w(N)=0.045~0.27%时,随着氮质量分数的增加,增强体的体积分数有所增加.Ti-6A l-xN中的氮化物较为细小.复合材料的硬度、抗压强度和弹性模量均高于Ti-6A l合金.随着氮质量分数增加材料的抗压强度、硬度和弹性模量增加.由压缩断口分析可知,基体为韧性断裂.随着氮质量分数增加,合金由韧窝 解理断口向具有解理特征的脆性断裂转变.     

淬火温度对Zr-4合金显微组织和拉仲性能的影响

为探讨不同淬火温度对核燃料包壳管Zr-4合金力学性能的影响．本文分析了Zr-4合金的显微组织,通过对再结晶退火态的Zr-4合金进行不同温度淬火及回火热处理,在不同热处理状态下对试样进行室温环向拉伸试验,分析对比了试样的拉伸力学性能,并对拉伸后的试样进行断口扫描,分析断裂机理．试验结果表明：包壳管Zr-4合金在980℃淬火后晶粒弦长为145．62μm,相比920℃、950℃的弦长增大,其抗拉强度为740MPa,屈服强度为649MPa．淬火后断口类型属解理脆性断裂．     

Effects of cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr（Mn） alloys

The influence of cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of the extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr（Mn） alloys was investigated by the tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）. The results show that the mechanical properties of both alloys are improved greatly during the in situ tensile test by soaking the samples in liquid nitrogen for 10 min. The ultimate tensile strength, yield tensile strength and elongation of cryogenic treated magnesium alloy added with zirconium or manganese are largely elevated. And remarkable microstructure change is observed in both alloys by cryogenic treatment. There are a large number of twins, rod-like, tree-like and chrysanthemum-like precipitated phases in the microstructures and the fracture surfaces exhibit the characteristics of ductile rupture when they are observed at room temperature.     

Effect of heat treatments on tensile properties and microstructure of 2195 alloy

Effect of various aging treatments on the tensile properties and microstructure of 2195 alloy has been investigated. The experimental results show that promising combination of strength and ductility is achievable under T₈ temper. The lower aging temperature reduces T₁ precipitation on the subgrain or grain boundaries and favors uniform dispersion of T₁ phases in the matrix, resulting in better strength and ductility. Prior deformation before aging has improved tensile strength with a slight decrease in ductility. Pre-aging after prior deformation had little effect on the age-hardening behavior of 2195 alloy. Project supported by the Key Program of the 9th Five-year Plan of China Synopsis of the first author Zheng Ziqiao, professor, born in 1944, major research fields: physical metallurgy of aluminum alloys; functionally gradient materials; self-propagation high temperature synthesis.     

镁合金强韧化复合机制与方法的探索

由于单独的“固溶-时效强化”应用于镁合金时，其强韧化效果较低.为此，针对镁合金Hall Petch系数较大的特点，将“晶粒细化”和“时效强化”两种机制耦合或复合在一起，设计了“激冷固溶时效”、“固溶形变时效”两种方法，由此显著地提高了AZ91镁合金的强韧性水平.在试验条件下，经“激冷固溶时效”后的镁合金AZ91的压缩断裂强度和屈服强度可分别达到335.3 MPa和225.91 MPa；经“固溶形变时效”后的镁合金AZ91的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率可分别达到350 MPa、300 MPa和10%以上.     

Influence of quench transfer time on microstructure and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy

The influence of quench transfer time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy with and without zirconium was investigated by tensile properties test, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. For the Zr-free alloy, the strength increases to the highest value at 20 s with transfer time, and then decreases slightly. The elongation decreases slowly with transfer time within 20 s, and more rapidly after 20 s. For the Zr-containing alloy, prolonging transfer time within 20 s results in slight decrease in the strength and elongation, and rapid drop of which is observed after 20 s. For the Zr-free alloy, prolonging transfer time can increase the percentage ofintergranular fracture, which is mainly caused by wide grain boundary precipitate free zone. The failure mode of the Zr-containing alloy is modified from the predominant transgranular void growth and intergranular fracture to transgranular shear and intergranular fracture with increase in the transfer time, which is attributed to the wider grain boundary precipitate free zone and coarse equilibrium η phases in the matrix.     

钙和碳变质对AZ91D显微组织与性能的影响

镁合金的晶粒细化对于材质的金相组织和力学性能起着决定性作用．本课题通过在AZ91D中加入Ca和C2Cl6晶粒细化剂,分别研究了Ca,C对AZ91D组织以及力学性能的影响．利用熔剂保护法,制备了AZ91D标准拉伸试样,经过T4,T6处理后,采用金相显微镜（Olympus）、扫面电镜（SEM）和能谱分析仪（EDAX）对制备的试样进行了显微组织、断口形貌及成分进行了观察与分析,并测试了抗拉强度和布氏硬度．试验结果表明：经过显微组织和断口形貌观察,加入细化剂后形成Al4C3,有效的抑制了晶粒的长大,使晶粒得到细化,当Ca和C2Cl6复合应用时,使得AZ91D的晶粒细化更加明显,力学性能得到提高,抗拉强度最高达到216N／mm^2,布氏硬度值达到60HB．     

Effect of age condition on fatigue properties of 2E12 aluminum alloy

The fatigue behaviors of 2E12 aluminum alloy in T3 and T6 conditions at room temperature in air were investigated. The microstructures and fatigue fracture surfaces of the alloy were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the alloy exhibits higher fatigue crack propagation (FCP) resistance in T3 condition than in T6 condition, the fatigue life is increased by 54% and the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) decreases significantly. The fatigue fractures of the alloy in T3 and T6 conditions are transgranular. But in T3 condition, secondary cracks occur and fatigue striations are not clear. In T6 condition, ductile fatigue striations are observed. The effect of aging conditions on fatigue behaviors is explained in terms of the slip planarity of dislocations and the cyclic slip reversibility.     

挤压变形AZ81镁合金的疲劳变形与断裂行为

研究镁合金的疲劳行为，可为镁合金的抗疲劳设计和合理使用提供可靠的理论依据.通过总应变幅控制的疲劳实验和断口形貌分析，确定了挤压变形AZ81镁合金的循环应力响应行为、疲劳寿命行为和断裂机制.结果表明：在应变控制的疲劳加载条件下，挤压变形AZ81镁合金呈现明显的循环应变硬化，其弹性应变幅、塑性应变幅与断裂时的载荷反向周次之间的关系可分别用Basquin和Coffin-Manson公式来描述，得到了拉伸滞后能的理论计算值与应变疲劳寿命之间呈线性关系、疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展均以穿晶模式进行的结论.     

Thermo-plasticity of high-strength and high-ductility 7050 aluminum ingot

Thermo-plasticity of homogenized 7050 aluminum ingot was investigated by instantaneous tensile tests conducted at different temperatures. The results show that, with the increase of testing temperatures, the strength decreases, and the plasticity increases firstly and then decreases in homogenized 7050 ingot. When the studied alloy is deformed between 380 °C and 420 °C, the deformation resistance is lower and plasticity is better. And the actual heating temperature for ingot before hot extrusion should be controlled between 360 °C and 400 °C. At low tensile temperatures, the deformation structure is mainly composed of dislocation substructure. With the increase of testing temperatures, transgranular fracture transforms into intergranular fracture progressively during deformation. At high tensile temperatures, the grain boundaries are weakened, deformation is concentrated at the grain boundaries and the re-orientation of equilibrium phases at grain boundaries appears.     

渗碳对Fe_3Al基合金力学性能的影响

通过研究 F e3A l基合金经不同时间渗碳后其室温力学性能和高温力学性能的变化 ,发现碳的渗入使合金的强度与延伸率都有所下降 ,同时 F e3A l合金的有序转变温度 Tc升高 .C以固溶形式进入F e3A l合金 ,当 C渗入量超过其固溶度时 ,将在晶界处析出碳化物从而降低合金的强度与塑性     

Ca对Mg-6Al-1Nd合金显微组织和性能的影响

为了研究Ca元素对Mg-6Al-1Nd合金微观组织、力学性能和阻燃性能的影响规律,采用了金属型重力铸造方法制备了Mg-6Al-1Nd-x Ca合金.通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、万能拉伸试验机和热分析仪等分析测试手段对Mg-6Al-1Nd-x Ca合金的显微组织、力学性能和阻燃性能进行了表征.结果表明:Ca元素的加入可减少β-Mg17Al12含量,生成Al-Ca金属间相;随着Ca质量分数的增加,镁合金试样中的Al-Ca金属相增多,试样的室温抗拉强度和延伸率降低,阻燃性能升高;不含Ca元素的Mg-6Al-1Nd合金的抗拉强度为235 MPa,当Ca元素增加到2.5%时,Mg-6Al-1Nd-2.5Ca合金的抗拉强度仅为154 MPa,但该合金的着火点可达850℃.     

Grain boundary characteristics and tensile properties of Ti14 alloy after semi-solid deformation

The microsuucture and room-temperature tensile properties of Til4,a new α+Ti2Cu alloy,were investigated after conventional forging at 950℃ and semi-solid forging at 1000 and 1050℃,respectively.Results show that coarse grains and grain boundaries are obtained in the semi-solid alloys.The coarse grain boundaries are attributed to Ti2Cu phase precipitations occurred on the grain boundaries during the solidification.It is found that more Ti2Cu phase precipitates on the grain boundaries at a higher semi-solid forging temperature,which forms precipitated zones and coarsens the grain boundaries.Tensile tests exhibit high strength and low ductility for the semi-solid forged alloys,especially after forging at 1000℃.Fracture analysis reveals the evidence of ductile failure mechanisms for the conventional forged alloy and cleavage fiacture mechanisms for the alloy after semi-solid forging at 1050℃.     

显微组织对Ti3Al基金属间化合物拉伸性能的影响

对三种显微组织Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基金属间化合物在室、高温拉伸试验，用ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ观察试样的形变和断裂特征，并用微机处理实验数据，发现：材料的力学性能与断口和位错组态的变化密切相关．随固溶温度提高，强度增加，延性降低；随实验温度升高，强度降低，延性增加．三种组织室温拉伸均为解理断裂，高温呈解理与沿晶混合断裂．