Effect of Novel Supporter on Catalytic Combustion of Methane

A new catalyst support, Ce-Mg-O, was prepared in a novel way macromolecule surfactant modified method and was used as a catalyst support for low-temperature methane combustion. The results indicate that the new type of FeOx/Ce- Mg-O catalyst exhibits high activity in low-temperature methane combustion, such that the T90 at which 90% conversion of methane occurs can be obtained at 560 ℃. The structure of the catalyst and the effect of the supporter on catalytic activity were characterized by transmission electronic microscopy （TEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）. The results indicate that the high catalytic activity of FeOx/Ce-Mg-O over methane combustion is strongly dependent on the particle size, typical crystal phase of the Ce-Mg-O, and the interaction of FeOx and Ce-Mg-O.     

镧-钼复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂的合成及表征

以柠檬酸为络合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了镧-钼复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂,使用DTA-TG、IR、XRD以及BET比表面测试等表征手段,考察了制备条件与热处理条件对复合氧化物超细微粒形成、结构和表面积的影响.结果表明本方法制备的La2(MoO4)3复合氧化物的比表面积远远大于共沉淀法制得的类似样品的比表面积,在氮气气氛中分解镧-钼凝胶中的柠檬酸,可有效地避免柠檬酸分解发生氧化燃烧而引起微粒烧结.     

Catalytic performance for methane combustion of supported Mn-Ce mixed oxides

A series of supported Mn-Ce mixed oxide catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method and used for the oxidation of methane. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption （BET）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, laser Raman spectrum （LRS）, and temperature programmed reduction （TPR） techniques. The XRD and LRS results confirmed the high dispersion of active components or formation of solid solution between manganese and cerium oxides in the bulk and on the surface of mixed oxide catalysts. The reducibility was remarkably promoted by the stronger synergistic interaction between the two oxides from H2-TPR measurements. As expected, all the experimental mixed oxide catalysts showed excellent activity for methane combustion at low temperature. Especially, for the catalyst with Mn-Ce ratio 3：7, methane conversion reached 92% at a temperature as low as 470 ℃.     

Citrate sol-gel combustion preparation and photoluminescence properties of YAG:Ce phosphors

Yellow-emitting YAG:Ce3+ nanocrystalline phosphors were prepared by citrate sol-gel combustion method using citric acid as the fuel and chelating agent. The influence of mole ratio of citric acid to metallic ions (MRCM), pH value of the solution, calcination temperature and Ce-doped concentration on the structures and properties of as-prepared powders were investigated in detail. Higher crystallinity and better luminescence performance powders were obtained at MRCM=2, pH=3 and the calcination temperature of 1200 °C. The phosphors exhibited the characteristic broadband visible luminescence of YAG:Ce. The optimum concentration of Ce3+ was 1.0 mol.%, and the concentration quenching was derived from the reciprocity between electric dipole and electric quadrupole (d-q). Especially, the pH value of the solution was a key factor to obtain a stable sol-gel system and then obtain pure and homogeneous rare earth ions doped YAG phosphors at a lower tem-perature. The Y3Al5O12:Ce0.03 phosphor with optimized synthesis-condition and composition had a similar luminescence intensity with the commercial phosphor YAG:Ce.     

低温燃烧法制备Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)电解质固溶体及其烧结性能的研究

采用柠檬酸–硝酸盐低温燃烧合成法,以Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为氧化剂,柠檬酸为还原剂,制备Sm_2O_3掺杂的Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)(SDC)超细粉体,利用XRD、TG-DSC、FT-IR、SEM及FESEM等手段对制备样品的晶相结构、热分解过程、微观形貌以及团聚情况进行研究.结果表明:柠檬酸与硝酸盐组成的干凝胶自蔓延燃烧点火温度为270.0℃;粉体经600℃焙烧2 h后,形成了单一立方萤石型结构的固溶体,平均晶粒度为18.80 nm.粉体的结晶性能完善,分散性能良好,粒子间仅有微弱的软团聚.将素坯在1 250℃烧结2 h,即可得到相对密度为95.5%的陶瓷烧结体.     

Study on catalytic combustion of benzene over cerium based catalyst supported on cordierite

A series of MnCeOx catalysts supported on cordierite honeycomb (Cord) were prepared by a combustion synthesis method using Mn(NO3)2 , Ce(NO3 )2·6H2O and citric acid. The effect of the molar ratio of Mn/Ce, calcination time, the amount of citric acid and the effect of water vapor on the catalytic properties for the complete oxidation of benzene were investigated. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), H 2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2 -TPR), O2 temperature programmed desorption (O2 -TPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results indicated that the MnCeOx /Cord catalyst with Mn/Ce molar ratio of 1:1, calcining for 7h and M n+ /(citric acid) molar ratio of 6 exhibited the highest catalytic activity. When the concentration of benzene was 1500 ppm and the gaseous hourly space velocity was 20000h -1 , the conversion of toluene was 99.1% at the reaction temperature of 300 oC.     

Preparation of Ca Doped Lanthanum Chromite by Sol-Gel Process

Super fine particles of calcium-doped lanthanum chromites were prepared by the sol-gel process in which the chelating agent was citric acid and the dispersant agent was ethylene glycol. The phase of fine particles was analyzed by XRD and the size and shape of the particles were investigated by TEM. The result shows that the nano-particles of La1-xCaxCrO3 can be obtained by the way of Ca2 complex singly with citric acid and being calcined at 700 ℃.     

低温燃烧法合成纳米二氧化钛粉体研究

采用一种简便、快速、低温的溶胶凝胶自蔓延燃烧法制备了纳米TiO₂粉体颗粒.从柠檬酸络合反应的机理阐释了纳米TiO₂粒子的形成过程.通过热综合分析、X射线衍射和透射电镜分析探讨了金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比和溶液杂质离子的存在对TiO₂粉体颗粒物相组成及粉末晶粒尺寸大小的影响.本实验制备了粒径为40~90 nm分散性较好的球形状TiO₂纳米颗粒.X射线衍射结果表明,当摩尔比为0.5时,自燃合成产物中金红石相的质量分数达到91%.      

低温燃烧法合成纳米MgO粉体工艺的研究

以硝酸镁、柠檬酸及氨水为原料,用低温燃烧法成功制备了纳米MgO粉体.以推进剂化学为理论依据,得出了硝酸镁与柠檬酸的最佳摩尔配比.考察了前驱体溶液的pH值、加水量、点火温度等工艺参数对反应过程及最终产物的影响.用X-ray衍射(XRD)及透射电镜(TEM)等分析方法对合成的粉体进行了表征.在优选的工艺条件下,获得了晶粒尺寸为9～25 nm的纳米MgO粉体.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备碳酸钙晶须

用溶胶-凝胶法制备碳酸钙晶须,研究恒温水浴温度、搅拌速度、热处理温度和时间对碳酸钙晶须形貌的影响,并对影响机理进行分析.制备时,首先在恒温水浴搅拌条件下把碳酸钙溶入乙酸,稍后加入柠檬酸得到含Ca中间体,最后加热保温使中间体分解获得碳酸钙晶须.研究表明,在水浴温度80℃,搅拌速度150 r/min,热处理温度700℃和保温2 h的条件下,可得到直径100～150 nm,长约4μm的碳酸钙晶须.     

溶胶-凝胶、自蔓延燃烧法制备ZnFe2O3和Ni0.35Zn0.65Fe2O4纳米材料

溶胶-凝胶法和自蔓延燃烧法相结合制备了ZnFe2O3，和Ni0.35Zn0．65Fe2O4纳米粉末。由硝酸盐和柠檬酸制备了凝胶。凝胶干燥得到的干胶在一定温度下点火，发生自蔓延燃烧生成产品。探讨了反应物配比、去离子水的量、反应温度对凝胶生成的影响。控制一定的温度和烧结时间，使晶体生长完全。通过X-射线衍射，测定了产品的粒度和纯度。表明该法制备的产品为纳米级．纯度高．不含硬团聚、分散性好、具有较高的烧结活性。     

不同制备工艺对多晶双钙钛矿Sr2FeMoO6室温磁电阻效应的影响

研究了固相反应法和溶胶-凝胶自燃法制备多晶Sr2FeMoO6块体样品的室温磁电阻效应,发现溶胶-凝胶自燃法制备的样品与固相反应法相比,室温磁电阻效应由2.9%上升到13.8%,增幅达3.76倍。溶胶-凝胶自燃法制备的前驱粉末为超微粉体,在烧结时能形成优异的晶界质量,需要的烧结温度低,结晶粒度小,晶界数目增多,使磁电阻增强;低的烧结温度易生成SrMoO4,加强绝缘势垒,因此具有好的磁电阻效应。     

贵金属/铈锆铽固溶体催化剂的制备与台架性能评价

用Ce0.6Zr0.3Tb0.1O2作为储氧材料,分别制备了实尺寸的全钯三效催化剂和双层钯、铂、铑三效催化剂。为作对比,同时制备了含商用铈锆固溶体的双层钯、铂、铑三效催化剂。在发动机台架上对所制备的催化剂进行了活性评价。3种催化剂具有较高的三效催化活性,在交叉点附近对CO和NOx的转化率接近100%,对THC的转化率接近90%。双层催化剂和单层全钯催化剂相比,不仅在富燃区具有较高的NOx转化率,而且具有较低的起燃温度。含Ce0.6Zr0.3Tb0.1O2固溶体的双层催化剂的性能优于含商用铈锆固溶体的催化剂。     

Sol-Gel Preparation and Luminescence Properties of BaMgAl10O17∶Eu2+ Phosphors

The synthesis of BaMgAl10O17∶ Eu2 (BAM) phosphors using the sol-gel method and their luminescence properties were reported. The blue-light emitting BAM was synthesized using citric acid and ethylene glycol as chelating materials. Emission of blue-light was obtained from these phosphors. The luminescent intensity increases as the temperature of heat treatment is increased. This study investigated the effects of the molar ratio of ethylene glycol to citric acid (Φ value), with respect to the phase formation and luminescence properties of BAM. The variation of the Φ value resulted in the change of the sol-gel reaction mechanism and the microstructures of the resultant powders. An increase in Φ value leads to an increase in the rate of BAM phase formation. The photoluminescent intensity of the prepared phosphors increases with heating temperatures because of enhanced crystallization.     

甲基磺酸亚铈催化合成柠檬酸三(2-乙基)己酯的研究

合成了甲基磺酸亚铈,研究了以甲基磺酸亚铈催化柠檬酸和2-乙基己醇的酯化反应,考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比等因素对反应结果的影响,对合成的产品进行了红外光谱分析.实验结果表明,甲基磺酸亚铈催化合成柠檬酸三(2-乙基) 己酯的最佳反应条件为:n (2-乙基己醇):n(柠檬酸)＝3.60:1,催化剂用量0.25% (以酸的物质的量计),反应温度120℃～130℃,负压操作.在最佳反应条件下,柠檬酸三(2-乙基)己酯收率在98.0%以上.反应结束后,催化剂通过简单的相分离即可重复使用.甲基磺酸亚铈重复使用5 次后,其催化活性无明显下降,产品收率仍可达到90%以上.     

甲烷部分氧化的热力学模拟研究

甲烷部分氧化制备合成气对于提高天然气的利用价值具有重要的意义。甲烷部分氧化反应是一个非常复杂的反应体系。反应涉及部分氧化（主反应）、燃烧、重整、水煤气变换、积炭等。使用Aspen Plus和HSC Chemistry软件对甲烷部分氧化制备合成气过程进行热力学模拟计算。考察了温度、压力和CH4/O2比对CH4转化率、氢和CO选择性的影响。同时对甲烷部分氧化反应热力学平衡产物组成和积炭副反应进行了热力学计算分析。研究结果表明,随反应温度的升高,压力的减小,CH4的转化率和CO与H2的选择性均呈上升趋势。反应温度在300℃时就有相当多的积炭生成,在550℃积炭量达到最大,随后又随温度上升,积炭量逐渐减少,在900℃以上无积炭产生。     

Promotional effect of CeO2 and Y2O3 on CuO/ZrO2 catalysts for methane combustion

Catalytic combustion of methane was conducted by using a Cu-based catalyst prepared by the plasma-assisted impregnation method. The properties of the catalysts were surveyed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results showed that the activity of CuO/ZrO2 with the CeO2 and Y2O3 was obviously increased compared with the CuO/ZrO2 catalyst, which was examined in relation to the structure and surface characteristics and might be correlated with their surface oxygen species and redox properties. Among the investigated catalysts, the Ce-CuO/ZrO2 sample exhibited the highest activity for methane combustion.     

Low-temperature catalytic combustion of trichloroethylene over MnOx-CeO2 mixed oxide catalysts

The cerium-based catalysts were investigated for the catalytic co mbustion of trichlo roethylene(TCE) and exhibit a surprising catalytic activity.MnO_x was doped into CeO₂ by a citric acid(CA) sol-gel method,and the effect of Mn content on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activities of MnO_x-CeO₂ mixed oxides was investigated systemically.The introduction of MnO_x into CeO₂ can evidently improve the catalytic activity and...     

Study on Carbon Nanotubes Prepared from Catalytic Decomposition of CH4 over Lanthanum Containing Ni-Base Catalysts

A series of lanthanum containing Ni-base catalysts were prepared by citric acid complex method.Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized bY catalytic decomposing CH4 over these catalysts and characterized by XRD, TEM and TGA.It is found that the addition of lanthanum can not increase the yield of carbon nanotube, but can make the diameter of carbon nanotube thinner and even.The more the lanthanum addsr, the thinner the diameter of CNTs becomes.With the CNTs prepared on Ni-Mg catalyst, the CNTs prepared on Ni-La-Mg catalyst has better crystallinity and thermal stability.     

Upconversion Luminescent Properties of YVO4:Yb3+, Er3+ Nano-Powder by Sol-Gel Method

YVO4:Yb3 , Er3 nano-sized upconversion luminescent powder was prepared by sol-gel method in the presence of citric acid. It was characterized by XRD, TEM and emission spectrum. The results show that the grain size of YVO4:Yb3 , Er3 is under 100 nm, and its grain size and upconversion luminescent intensity all increase with roasting temperature raises. Under 980 nm laser diode(LD) excitation, two strong green emissions that centered around 523 and 551 nm were observed with naked eyes at room temperature, corresponding to the 2H11/2→4I15/2 and 4S3/2→4I15/2 transitions of Er3 , respectively. According to the dependence of green upconversion emission intensity on excitation power, it can be concluded that these two kinds of green emissions all belong to two-photon process.