闪速浮选技术及其应用

闪速浮选(又称快速浮选)是在高浓度条件下,浮选粗粒矿物的浮选过程。本文概述了闪速浮选的基本原理、优点,及闪速浮选机,并介绍了国内外闪速浮选技术的应用概况,指出闪速浮选是强化有用矿物早收多收的有效方法,有良好的应用前景。     

Geometrical optimization of xanthate collectors with copper ions and their response to flotation

Quantum chemical calculations have been employed to understand the nature of interaction between xanthate and Cu—as part of an ore and Cu—as part of a slag. A semi-empirical parameterized model, (PM3) is used to study ethyl xanthate, propyl xanthate, iso-propyl xanthate, iso-butyl xanthate and amyl xanthate. The total interaction energy, E, is interpreted in terms of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of the individual collectors with copper ions. The electron density map along with the change in heat of formation, binding energy and dipole-moment, indicate that amyl-xanthate binds to surface of copper ions strongly in comparison to other xanthates. The numerical results obtained with potassium amyl xanthate also support the experimental data on recovery of copper values from a copper ore by flotation.     

喷射式浮选机空气反应器数值计算及实验验证

设计了一种喷射式浮选机多喷嘴空气反应器,并深入研究了反应器的性能及特征。应用工程计算流体力学方法,改变喷嘴数量、喷射角度和喷射压力等参数时,模拟分析了浮选机处理量和吸气量的变化规律;对不同参数条件下,空气反应器内部流体的速度、压力分布及湍动能变化进行了计算和分析,揭示了喷射式浮选机的充气浮选机理;解释了多喷嘴充气效果优于单喷嘴;确定了空气反应器最佳参数。实验结果表明：湍动能与充气效果一致性的规律;浮选机充气实验结果与模拟计算结果吻合,证实了数值模拟的可靠性。     

Effects of oils and lubricants on the flotation of copper sulphide minerals

The effects of the addition of oils and lubricants commonly encountered in mining and processing copper sulphide ores on the subsequent flotation of copper minerals was investigated by laboratory scale testing. The project arose as a result of intermittent uncontrollable frothing and a drop in selectivity observed at an Australian copper-gold concentrator. The addition of distillate to the grinding stage actually increased selectivity in the subsequent copper mineral flotation but other oils and lubricants used at the plant had detrimental effects on selectivity and frothing behaviour. A degreaser used in maintenance operations dramatically lowered copper grade and generated a very stable and sticky froth even at low concentrations. Similar detrimental effects on gold metallurgy were also observed. Mineralogical examination of flotation products verified that the decrease in grade of the concentrates was due to the flotation of free gangue minerals and not due to any liberation problems. Possible mechanisms for these effects aer discussed. Anecdotal evidence for these effects abound in discussions held with plant metallurgists, but little published data on these effects have been located.     

大型160m3浮选机在某铜钼矿的应用实践

大型浮选机在首次规模化应用过程中,亟需生产实践检验.针对发现的轴承发烧等问题,进行现场浮选机充气方式等改进工作.经过一年多运行,设备运转愈加连续稳定,大型化设备在生产实践中起到的作用愈加明显.     

The dependency of the critical contact angle for flotation on particle size - Modelling the limits of fine particle flotation

The flotation behaviour of fine particles is studied in this work. Fine methylated quartz particles within the size range from 0.2 to 50 μm, and with varying contact angles, were floated in a mechanical flotation cell. Results indicate that particles of a given size need to possess a minimum critical contact angle, which increases in value as particle size decreases, for flotation to be initiated. As a consequence, a non-floating component exists within a given size fraction. This is interpreted as a fraction consisting of particles below the critical contact angle for flotation for that size. The critical contact angle for flotation is explained in terms of the existence of an energy barrier for bubble-particle attachment. The flotation results are interpreted by means of [Scheludko et al., 1976] and [Drelich and Miller, 1992] models for the floatability of fine particles. The experimental data compared very well with calculations using the Drelich and Miller equation, allowing extension to the prediction of the critical contact angle for flotation down to particle sizes well below the previous limits investigated, bridging the gap existing in the literature.     

煤用喷射式浮选机在望峰岗选煤厂的应用

介绍了装有新型充气搅拌装置的FJC20-4A型煤用喷射式浮选机的工作原理、充气性能以及在望峰岗选煤厂的应用情况。应用情况表明,该新型浸没式充气搅拌装置的可靠性较好。     

The effect of the reagent suite on froth stability in laboratory scale batch flotation tests

In batch flotation tests conducted on ores from the Merensky reef, changes in froth stability invariably occur with variations in the reagent suite. The main reagents are collectors (primary and secondary), activators, depressants and frothers. Since the particles entering and leaving the froth in a batch flotation system are continuously changing, the stability of the froth can vary. Under these conditions the simplest measure of froth stability is the measure of water recovery at a fixed froth height. The batch flotation system developed at UCT allows for the separation of gangue which is entrained relative to gangue which is floated. It has been found that the presence of naturally floatable gangue (NFG) leads to froth stabilisation, whereas the presence of hydrophobic sulfide minerals may lead to destabilisation of the froth depending on the hydrophobicity (contact angle) of the sulfide minerals. This can vary with ore type since particle shape and amount of particles present can influence the extent of destabilisation. At low depressant dosages sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX) always results in lower froth stability than sodium ethyl xanthate (SEX). The frothing nature of dithiophosphate leads to increased froth stability and the addition of copper sulfate results in destabilised froths. Increasing depressant dosage reduces the stabilising influence of NFG and the depressant type (guar gum or CMC) also affects froth stability. Frother can be used in an attempt to overcome the destabilising effects of high depressant dosage. This work examines the effect of variations in the reagent suite and uses water recovered at a fixed froth height as an indication of froth stability in order to analyse these effects on the recovery of sulfide minerals, floatable gangue and entrained gangue.     

浮选理论与工艺研究现状

对近年来浮选技术的发展进行了回顾和评述，认为硫化矿浮选电化学、盐类矿物浮选溶液化学、细粒浮选、新型浮选药剂和浮选设备的研究是浮选理论与工艺的5个重要方向。     

Creation of the efficient flotation agents on the basis of new raw materials and chemical industry waste

It is reported on creation, implementation, and mechanism of action of flotation agents that are developed by the Russian scientists and are brought into industrial use for mineral dressing. The data are cited about the new collecting agents and the subsidiary agents that improve the existing technological schemes. The new efficient flotation agents, which are created on the basis of chemical and petrochemical industrial waste, are presented. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 4, pp. 75–88, July–August, 2006.     

细粒锡石选矿技术研究进展及展望

锡石密度大,重选为锡石回收的传统选矿工艺,同时锡石性脆易碎,磨矿过程容易发生过粉碎,微细粒嵌布锡石采用重选方法回收时,锡回收率低,而浮选的有效回收下限粒度较重选低,成为微细粒锡石有效回收的重要方法之一。总结了目前锡石选矿技术的研究现状,着重论述了锡石浮选药剂、浮选新技术、锡石浮选机理等方面的研究进展。锡石浮选捕收剂主要有水杨氧肟酸、苯乙烯膦酸、油酸等;常用抑制剂主要有水玻璃、六偏磷酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、木质素磺酸钙(GF)、草酸等脉石抑制剂;浮选机理研究主要集中于浮选药剂在锡石表面吸附机理的探索,药剂与矿物表面的吸附形式主要为化学吸附;锡石浮选新技术主要有电浮选、载体浮选、选择性絮凝浮选、剪切—絮凝浮选、溶气浮选等。针对细粒锡石展开系统的浮选技术研究,对提高锡石资源利用率,使我国锡石的资源优势转变成产业优势,满足经济发展对锡资源日益增长的需求,具有重要的现实意义和广阔的应用前景。     

正反浮选分支精选工艺在大峪口胶磷矿的工业化应用实践

大峪口胶磷矿浮选工艺为正反浮选工艺流程,正浮选工艺采用脂肪类捕收剂进行加温浮选,该工艺存在中间产品,作业产率高、粗选泡沫体积大、后续作业浮选机输送载矿泡沫能力不足、精矿泡沫外溢、浮选作业指标波动较大等问题,导致系统实际生产能力只达到设计能力的80％.针对该问题,提出了正反浮选分支精选工艺流程,并对原生产工艺和设备布置进...     

The development of a composite collector for the flotation of rutile

A study was carried out to find a replacement for benzyl arsenic acid (BAA) that was used in the rutile flotation circuit of a hard rock rutile mine in China. Several types of oxide collectors were tested, including sodium oleate, sodium laurate, sodium dodecyl sulphate, amino acids, diphosphonic acid and styryl phosphonic acid. It was found that styryl phosphonic acid (SPA) was the most effective, and that an aliphatic alcohol (e.g., octanol) was required to maintain the effectiveness of SPA.However, octanol was insoluble in water. The composite collector that was mixed with SPA and octanol had to be well emulsified before addition to flotation pulp. Poorly emulsified composite collectors destroyed flotation froths. Several surfactants were tested as emulsifiers and one was found to have the least adverse effects on the selectivity of the composite collector. By using the composite collector that contained SPA, octanol and the emulsifier, a rutile rougher concentrate assaying 71.3% TiO₂ was floated at 81.6% recovery from a feed containing 8.78% Ti0₂ in a single stage rougher flotation.     

大型充气机械搅拌式浮选机控制系统的设计与应用

随着浮选机大型化发展,其控制系统已成为一项关键技术。本文设计了一套包含液位控制、充气量控制以及轴温检测功能的大型浮选机控制系统。通过选择合理的控制策略、检测装置和执行机构,控制系统在现场成功应用。数据表明,该系统达到了较理想的控制效果,稳定了生产流程,并提高了选矿厂的自动化水平。     

石墨矿专用浮选机技术开发与应用

为了更好地开发利用石墨矿资源,矿冶科技集团有限公司(BGRIMM Technology Group)在常规充气式浮选机基础上开发了石墨矿专用浮选机。介绍了石墨矿浮选机选型方法和浮选工艺特点,为了满足这些特点要求,对石墨矿专用浮选机做了针对性设计。实践表明,石墨矿专用浮选机在国内外几个典型石墨矿选矿厂均得到了的成功应用,浮选机的选别性能良好。     

Examination of NaCl and MIBC as bubble coalescence inhibitor in relation to froth flotation

With scarcity of fresh water resources, flotation plants are increasingly under pressure to supply their water needs from other sources such as bore water, seawater or recycled plant water. This water generally contains a high concentration of inorganic electrolytes which may have a substantial influence on the performance of the flotation operation. In this study, the stabilisation mechanism of bubbles by salt was investigated using a specifically designed experimental set-up. Two bubbles of approximately the same size were produced at the tip of two adjacent capillaries in concentrated solutions of an inorganic electrolyte (NaCl). Their coalescence behaviour was recorded using high speed video imaging in which information such as coalescence time and deformation of the resultant bubble upon coalescence could be extracted. The results were then compared against a similar system using MIBC. It was found that delayed coalescence in NaCl required a relatively concentrated solution in the order of 0.1-0.5 M to achieve coalescence times comparable to MIBC. Unlike NaCl, it appears that a small amount of MIBC, in the order of 10⁻⁵ M, is sufficient to delay the coalescence of bubbles, which reach a maximum at a concentration of 3 × 10⁻³ M. The analysis of oscillation patterns during the coalescence process revealed that the oscillation is noticeably damped in the presence of MIBC at high concentrations, although this is not the case in NaCl solutions. Results are discussed in terms of bubble stability, froth stability and their possible implications on particle recovery.     

Cu-S flotation separation via the combination of sodium humate and lime in a low pH medium

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite was studied in the presence of sodium humate. The results of flotation tests indicated that pyrite can be selectively depressed by sodium humate, and the activity of sodium humate was strongly affected by the pH of the pulp. At high pH values, pyrite was strongly depressed by sodium humate; however, the content of chalcopyrite was not affected. Ore flotation tests were successfully conducted in the laboratory and at the Dexing Copper Mine by applying sodium humate as a pyrite depressant. By adding 40-60 g/t of sodium humate to the pulp and adjusting the pH to 10-10.5 with CaO, a concentrate with a Cu content of 24% was obtained without reducing the Cu recovery rate. In addition, the dosage of CaO was reduced, and the recovery of Au, Ag and Mo in the copper concentrate was enhanced due to the reduced pH of the pulp. The zeta potential, adsorption of xanthate and contact angle of the mineral surface were measured, and the results from surface measurements indicated that there was a strong hydrophilic interaction between sodium humate and the surface of pyrite. Moreover, the results revealed that the interaction between sodium humate and chalcopyrite was weak. Infrared (IR) spectra of pyrite and sodium humate were obtained, and the results indicated that sodium humate was chemically adsorbed on the surface of pyrite.     

中国喷射式浮选机研发的简要回顾

简要回顾了半个世纪以来中国喷射式浮选机的研发历程,从始于模仿美国的旋流式浮选机,到近年在美国三座选煤厂成功使用的喷射式浮选机,历经了第一代喷射旋流式浮选机,第二、三代喷射式浮选机的阶段。分析了喷射式浮选机的放大原则,并以FJCA36型喷射式浮选机为例,介绍了其充气搅拌性能指标和工艺效果指标。     

低品位硫化铜镍矿的特性与浮选工艺研究

新疆哈密某低品位硫化铜镍矿石中含镍0.332%、含铜0.208%,目的矿物共生关系复杂、嵌布粒度细,矿石中含镁脉石矿物含量高、可浮性好。为了充分回收矿石中铜镍矿物并降低精矿中的MgO含量,以六偏磷酸钠和CMC作脉石矿物抑制剂,硫酸铜为活化剂,戊黄药、Y-89、丁胺黑药混合为捕收剂,采用"两粗三扫三精"的原则工艺流程,闭路试验获得铜镍混合精矿中镍品位为5.123%,镍回收率为77.80%;精矿中MgO含量为6.11%,达到了冶炼的要求。尾矿中的镍矿物多为不可浮的氧化镍和硅酸镍,工艺流程能较好地适合该矿石性质。     

On the collection of valuable minerals along rougher flotation banks

The collection of valuable minerals along rougher flotation banks was evaluated using top-of-froth measurements, which consist of sampling the froth surface. Considering non-selective froths observed in rougher flotation circuits, it was found the top-of-froth grades were similar to the bubble load grades, which allowed for a direct estimation of the collected mineral characteristics (size distribution, mineralogy, and grade). Thus, the flotation process evolution can be characterized by analyzing the collection of valuable minerals by true flotation instead of the classical mass balances approach, which strongly depends on the reliability of the tailings grade data. In addition, comparison among different valuable minerals was observed without significant sampling disturbances caused by solid entrainment.It is expected the top-of-froth measurement will be a useful tool for evaluating the effect of operating variables such as pulp conditioning, air flowrate and solids percentage on the true collection process along a flotation bank.