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Study of γ Radioinduced Acidity in Corn Starch. Amounts of radioinduced acids and esters in corn starch have been measured in terms of different conditions of irradiation (dosis, dosis rate, temperature, atmosphere) and of starch characteristics (% water, impurities, kind of glucosidic link) and results have been compared to those given by heat sterilization. Subsequent development of acidity have been checked during the storage at ambient temperature.  相似文献   

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Research of Glycolaldehyde Formed During Gamma Irradiation of Maize Starch . During gamma irradiation of maize starch, glycolaldehyde occurs (5,6 μg/g/Mrad, in oxygen). The influence of several parameters has been determined: irradiation conditions (dose, temperature, surrounding gas), stockage temperature and starch characteristics (moisture, impurities). On the other hand, irradition effects were compared to heat treatment effects.  相似文献   

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Après avoir rappelé brièvement le spectre d'action biologique du rayonnement ultraviolet du soleil sur la peau normale et les données theoriques de protection qui en découlent, le caractère prévisionnel de différentes méthodes d'étude in vitro et in vivo des antisolaires est commentéà partir de résultats obtenus en laboratoire sur différents principes actifs (PABA, Eusolex 4360, Giv Tan F), et préparations cosmétiques du commerce.
Les méthodes in vitro , basées sur l'absorption dans l'UV des produits, aboutissent à une protection surévaluée et dans ces conditions à une extrapolation trés aléatoire du pouvoir de protection.
La méthode utilisée in vivo (détermination classique d'un indice de protection) souligne, dans le cadre de la prédiction, le choix de la qualité d'absorption du filtre, de la source UV utilisée, mais aussi de nombreux autres facteurs agissant sur la protection. Dans ces conditions, les résultats obtenus chez le cobaye et l'homme avec des irradiations simulant le spectre solaire, montrent alors une concordance satisfaisante pour les principes actifs étudies. Ces observations sont ensuite commentees par comparaison à d'autres travaux publiés faisant mention d'autre source d'irradiation (spectre de raies) et de méthode de détection (thermométrique en particulier).
Predictive nature of laboratory methods in sunscreen studies  相似文献   

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Isotopic Dilution for Quantitative Determination of Some Low Molecular Weight Carbonyl Compounds Formed During Gamma Irradiation of Labelled Maïze U (14C) Starch . Gamma-induced glycolaldehyde, glyoxal, glyceraldehyde and hydroxymethylfurfural in maïze starch were quantitatively estimated by isotopic dilution from U (14C) starch. The experimental procedure was described and concentrations of individual compounds expressed as a function of dose (0 to 4.5 Mrad). The highest value was found for glycolaldehyde (9.1 μg/g/Mrad) with a few small traces of hydroxymethylfurfural.  相似文献   

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Studies of the Formation Processes of Some Identified Radiolysis Products after Gamma Irradiation of Maize Starch . From the variations in the concentrations of different starch radiolysis products, studied as function of starch water content and of oxygen pressure, it has been possible to suggest different formation processes. The initied break of the C O C linkages as well as the further rearrangement of the radicals formed or their reactions with water and oxygen explain the observed rearrangements. Water generally has a protector effect, which can be interpreted as an inhibition of primary radical transformation. As for oxygen, its fixation on a carbon radical may account for the generally stimulating action of this gas.  相似文献   

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Some Volatile Compounds Formed During Gamma Irradiation of Corn Starch. Acetaldehyde, methanol, acetone, small amounts of methyl formate and various quantities of ethanol were found in 60Co irradiated maize starch, using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Influences of dose, temperature, atmosphere composition, water and impurities content, were investigated respectively for the first three substances. Irradiation effects were compared to heat treatment effects and concentration changes were followed during storage.  相似文献   

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Sugars Formed During Irradiation of Maize Starch. Identification and Determination Sugars of low molecular weight formed during irradiation of maize starch were identified and determined by ion exchanger chromotography. The following sugars were found: one disaccharide (maltose), hexoses (glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose), pentoses (arabinose, xylose, ribose), and one tetrose (erythrose). There remains a slight uncertainty in the cases of mannose and erythrose. The influence of irradation conditions (dosis, atmosphere, temperature), of starch properties (bumidity, impurities, glucosidic bonds), and of storage conditions was examined. By the results it was made possible to propose a hypothesis on the kind of sugar formation and on the role of water in this process, which takes the observed differences into consideration satisfactorily. Irradiation effects have been compared to those given by heating.  相似文献   

11.
Les pellicules, affection dermatologique due essentiellement à la levure Pityrosporum ovale , affectent les deux tiers de la population, d'une manière plus ou moins sévére.
Pour notre part, nous nous sommes attachés à mettre en évidence l'activité antifongique de deux substances couramment utilisées dans des cosmétiques capillaires: la pyrithione-zinc et la piroctone olamine, à plusieurs concentrations. Une fois choisie, la concentration optimale, deux shampooings ont été formulés, afin de déterminer la tolérance cutanée des formes cosmétiques terminées. La tolérance cutanée a étéévaluée par étude profilométrique de contre-empreintes obtenues à partir d'empreintes de peau.
Cette étude nous révèle une supériorité de la piroctone olamine, aussi bien d'un point de vue activité antifongique que d'un point de vue tolérance cutanée.  相似文献   

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Evaluation of Carbonyl Compounds Formed During Gamma Irradiation of Maize Starch . Changes in the levels of radioinduced carbonyl compounds were analysed as a function of irradiation conditions (dose, dose rate, temperature, atmosphere), starch properties (water content) and post irradiation treatments (storage, autoclaving). The percentages of identified and unknown carbonyl fractions were respectively 40 and 60 %. The half unknown fraction was linked on the radiodextrins (polysaccharides formed during irradiation of starch).  相似文献   

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The Development of Some Characteristics of Starches extracted from Normal Corn and Amylomaize Grains during their Formation. Within the research work on the evolution of corn grains constituents with different amylose contents, during their development, a study has been carried on the starch content of corn grains, amylose content of starch grains, microscopical and submicroscopical aspects of starch grains and their crystalline organization marked by X rays diffraction. The quantity of starch synthetized for one corn grain is stated as all the more important as the amylose content of grain is lower. For amylomaizes, it is pointed out that the determination of amylose content of starch carried on at 2°C leads to higher values than at 20°C. The difference between the results might be ascribed to the presence of a glucidic fraction reacting as amylose and synthetized in a relatively important proportion at the beginning of corn grain formation, and later on becoming diluted with the other amylaceous components. The increasing stability of amylomaize starches when thermically treated might correlate with their amylose content.  相似文献   

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Une émulsion multiple L/H/L contenant de l'huile d'amande douce en phase interne et de la paraffine liquide légère en phase externe a été mise au point. Pour cette étude, la nature de l'émulsionnant primaire puis le taux et la nature de l'émulsionnant secondaire ainsi que le pourcentage de l'émulsion primaire à disperser pour l'obtention de l'émulsion multiple, ont été optimisés. Le rôle de chacun de ces constituants a été envisagé dans la stabilisation de l'émulsion multiple ainsi que celui des différents additifs ultérieurement introduits. La différence de nature chimique entre les phases huileuses externe et interne et l'introduction de traceurs ont permis de suivre la stabilité de l'émulsion dans le temps et d'appréhender le mécanisme de libération de substances actives dans ce type de système, par dosages chromatographiques de l'acide oléique et de la vitamine E dans la paraffine liquide légère. Le taux de vitamine E libéré est inférieur à celui de l'acide oléique. Ce phénomène s'explique par une rétention de la vitamine E dans le réseau formé par les tensioactifs polymériques utilisés. La libération apparait done essentiellement provenir de l'éclatement des globules aqueux.
Multiple emulsion of oil in water in oil type: preparation and breakdown mechanisms  相似文献   

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Study of Water Soluble Dextrins Formed by Gamma Irradiation of Maize Starch . The respective influences of various irradiation parameters and of starch and its storage characteristics on the quantities of water soluble ridiodextrins are studied. The proposed theory takes into account the variations of the quantities and the sizes of the molecules as a function of irradiation dose and starch moisture. The dextrins are chemically characterized and a weight balance of water soluble already identified radiolysis products has been possible and therefore done.  相似文献   

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Un nouvel appareillage, permettant une détermination simultanée des modules d'élasticité statique de dynamique du Stratum Corneum, a été mis au point.
L'étude systématique de ces paramètres mécaniques pour différents échantillons de SC humain permet de mettre en évidence les avantages de la mesure du module d'élasticité dynamique pour quantifier l'effet des traitements.
L'effet de certains traitements 'kératolytiques'sur l'élasticité du SC peut ainsi être discuté. Ces résultats ainsi que ceux obtenus par microscopie électronique sur l'effet de ces produits, permettent de discuter les relations existant entre la structure et les paramètres élastiques.
The effect of various constituants of the corneous layer on measurements of its elasticity

Summary


A new instrument has been developed which enables simultaneous determinations of the static and dynamic moduli of elasticity of the stratum corneum to be made.
A systematic study of these mechanical parameters for various samples of human SC demonstrates the advantages of the dynamic measurement of the modulus of elasticity in evaluating the effect of treatments.
The effect of treatment of thioglycollic acid (TA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the stratum corneum was studied by means of this technique and electron microscopy.
TA markedly reduces the elastic modulus. Electron microscopy shows that horny cell structure is fully disorganized. On the contrary, SA treatment increases the elastic modulus without any noticeable changes on corneocytes. This last study confirms the preferential effect of SA on the intercorneocyte spaces.  相似文献   

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Change of Microflora of Two Starch Samples by Gamma Irradiation. Starch is the basic component of a larger number of manufactured food commodities. The disinfection of such a powder by 60Co is considered here. Gamma irradiation of two starch samples with various contamination admits of the assumption that, in most cases, good radio-pasteurization can be obtained with 300 krad. The radio-pasteurization doses (varying from 300 to 600 krad) are a function of the initial contamination. Irradiation effects are spectacular with moulds. Activation of spores of some Clostridium species leads us to recommend an irradiation level higher than 200 krad. The most resistant organisms to gamma irradiation are the aerobic and anaerobic sporulated bacteria. The thermophilic forms are the most important. Spores of Bacillus chiefly Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus brevis are the most encountered bacteria. At room temperature stocking irradiated starch has little effect upon the number of revivable survivors.  相似文献   

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