基于单片机的拉线式位移传感器的设计

本文以编码器技术为基础,设计了一种基于单片机的大量程拉线式位移传感器,它以增量型编码器和单片机为核心,经过各功能电路的处理,完成位移变化的精确测量并显示。该数字显示拉线式位移传感器,在结构和功能上都有改进和拓展,不仅具有传统拉线式位移传感器的基本功能,而且还能通过LCD屏显示位移的大小和方向。该传感器克服传统拉线式位移传感器的易磨损、分辨力差、阻值偏低、高频特性差等缺点,提高了测量精度。     

采用衍射、干涉技术提高光电轴角编码器的测角精度和分辨率

光电轴角编码器广泛应用于精密角位置的测量、数控及数显系统中,是国内外研究的热点.采用衍射、干涉技术的光电轴角编码器(简称激光编码器)具有结构紧凑、小型化;分辨率和测角精度高;响应频率高等优点.通过对几种激光编码器的成功方案的深入分析,阐述了这项技术的最新进展和所面临的问题.     

Compact diffractive interferometric displacement sensor in reflection

A displacement measurement technology of diffractive interferometry has been developed in the objective of miniaturization. The interference principle has been implemented in the form of a miniature read head prototype according to a novel device configuration after a discussion on the fabrication and mouting tolerances has been made conducting to a high resolution micro-optical encoder. A read-out grating acting simultaneously as a subwavelength and a two order grating enables the miniaturization of a diffractive interferometric optical displacement sensor of the reflection type.     

一种新型光学编码器

光学编码器是长度和角度测量最常用的传感器,两种传统光学编码器:绝对式和增量式光学编码器的光学图案、位置编码原理和信号处理电路各具特色,随着科学技术的发展,一种新型光学编码器方案:准绝对式编码器,继承了二者的优点,根据其串行位置编码原理,借助计算机辅助设计,获得了全周100个位置的编码方案,设计了相应的准绝对式编码器;通过与两种传统编码器特点的比较,突出了准绝对式光学编码器的显著特点,指明了其未来良好的应用和发展前景.     

速度检测型传感器轴承的设计

阐述了霍尔传感器的结构以及速度、转向测量的原理,进行了基于霍尔传感器的智能轴承的结构设计,此轴承可以实现对转速、转数、转向和加速度等信号的测量,对整个装置的测量精度进行了分析,并将其与增量式编码器进行了对比。     

Analysis of optical linear encoders’ errors under vibration at different mounting conditions

The optical linear encoders are the preferred choice sensors for positioning machine tools’ moveable parts. Machine tools’ errors have been traditionally focused on the analysis and performance of the machine tool structure until recent works have treated the encoder itself as a source of error. Encoder error quantification has been done for several mounting conditions in static situations, but there is a lack of information regarding the performance of the encoder under dynamic solicitations. The aim of this work is to analyze the loss of accuracy of the sensor because of vibration for different mounting conditions. A finite element model of encoder has been developed and experimental results have been analyzed using this model.     

基于51单片机的光电编码器接口装置设计

光电编码器以其分辨率高、测量精度高、形式多样等优点,被广泛运用于现代工业、航天航空领域。在工程中对光电编码器信号的采集一般使用专用PCI卡,这无形中增加了工程的成本,本文介绍了一种基于AT89S52单片机的绝对式光电编码器的接口装置及软件设计,该装置使用LCM12684作为显示模块,实现了对绝对式光电编码器的数据采集、处理及输出。     

单圈绝对式编码器的研制

单圈绝对式编码器是国际上新出现的光栅编码技术之一.它突破了传统的光栅编码原理,使用了一种新颖独特的黑白条纹编码方式进行角度测量;它的实现需要融合传感器技术、图像处理技术、计算机控制技术为一体.详细介绍了单圈绝对式编码器的基本原理和理论依据,具体给出了系统硬件设计方法.实验结果充分说明了系统设计及理论依据的正确性.     

光电轴角编码器的发展动态

光电轴角编码器,又称光电角位置传感器,是一种集光、机、电为一体的数字测角装置.由于它结构简单,分辨率高,精度高,因此已被广泛应用在精密角位置的测量、数控及数显系统中.本文主要介绍了光电轴角编码器在国内外的发展现状,并说明了其工作原理及发展历史.针对光电轴角编码器的某些关键技术,我们也对其未来的发展趋势进行了扼要阐述.     

Design and construction of a two-degree-of-freedom linear encoder for nanometric measurement of stage position and straightness

This paper presents a two-degree-of-freedom (two-DOF) linear encoder which can measure the position along the moving axis (X-axis) and the straightness along the axis vertical to the moving axis (Z-axis) of a precision linear stage simultaneously. The two-DOF linear encoder is composed of a reflective-type scale grating and an optical sensor head. A reference grating, which is identical to the scale grating except the scale length, is employed in the optical sensor head. Positive and negative first-order diffracted beams from the two gratings are superposed with each other in the optical sensor head to generate interference signals. The optical configuration is arranged in such a way that the direction of displacement in each axis can also be detected. A prototype two-DOF linear encoder is designed and constructed. The size of the optical sensor head is about 50 mm (X) × 50 mm (Y) × 30 mm (Z) and the pitch of the grating is 1.6 μm. It has been confirmed that the prototype two-DOF linear encoder has sub-nanometer resolutions in both the X- and Z-axes.     

一种新型大中心孔绝对式磁编码器

为测量机器人关节端角度和电机端位置,研制一种基于霍尔原理的新型绝对式磁编码器,采用大中心孔结构,具有大的中心孔、体积小、结构紧凑、分辨率高、绝对式位置测量等特点。传感器由转子和定子组成,转子的磁码盘包括主码道和游标码道,定子由霍尔敏感芯片和信号调理电路板组成;根据游标计算原理,得到了传感器绝对角度的计算方法。通过仿真软件分析了转子的磁场分布和模态;为进一步提高磁编码器的输出精度,提出一种基于遗传优化算法的误差补偿模型,搭建了传感器的标定平台,实验结果表明传感器绝对定位精度可以达到0.2°,经过模型补偿后可以达到0.036°,满足机器人关节及伺服系统设计要求。     

轴承卷边机控制系统的研究与应用

为了实现轴承卷边机扣押的精确控制,采用了带正交编码口（QEI）的dsPIC30F4012微处理器,完成了轴承卷边机控制系统的硬件设计;采用分辨率为4μm的增量式光栅尺用以检测压头位置,并提出了增量式分段PID控制策略,实现了压头位置的精确控制。实验结果表明,该控制系统运行稳定,控制精度高,完全满足轴承卷边机的控制要求。     

基于STM32F103的旋转角度测量装置设计

设计一种基于增量式编码器和STM32F103系列芯片的角度测量仪。该装置与被测物件按一定传动比固定安装,系统自动测出传动比并存储,以免断电数据丢失。被测物件每转动一周,光电传感器触发一个零位信号,编码器输出A、B两相方波信号,STM32F103芯片接收到编码器的脉冲信号后根据算法求出对应的角度值,经串口在上位机界面实时显示并分析实验数据,得到不同传动比下的角度测量精度。     

Precision nanometrology of a large areamicrostructured metrology surface

1 Introduction The authors have been working on a newsurface encoder for detecting multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF) translational and tilt motionsof precision stages[1]. The surface encoder con-sists of two fundamental elements: a sinusoidalmicrostructured metrology surface, which is re-ferred to as the angle grid, and a two-dimension-al (2D) slope sensor[2-3].     

编码器轴系晃动对测角精度影响分析

光电轴角编码器作为一种精密测角传感器,其测角精度受到多种因素的影响,其中轴系晃动是影响其精度的主要因素之一。为了研究编码器轴系晃动的规律,利用多种检测方法对轴系晃动进行检测,利用傅里叶谐波数学模型对测量结果进行分析,并结合编码器测角精度检测结果,发现测角精度与轴系晃动的低频谐波之间存在固定的函数关系,采用这种关系可以补偿编码器的测角误差。利用这种方法可以在编码器内部或在线的方式进行实时误差补偿,从而达到提高编码器测角精度的目的。这对相关仪器的测量精度的提高起到一定参考意义。     

Self-calibration and compensation of setting errors for surface profile measurement of a microstructured roll workpiece

Microstructured roll workpieces have been widely used as functional components in the precision industries. Current researches on quality control have focused on surface profile measurement of microstructured roll workpieces, and types of measurement systems and measurement methods have been developed. However, low measurement efficiency and low measurement accuracy caused by setting errors are the common disadvantages for surface profile measurement of microstructured roll workpieces. In order to shorten the measurement time and enhance the measurement accuracy, a method for self-calibration and compensation of setting errors is proposed for surface profile measurement of microstructured roll workpieces. A measurement system is constructed for the measurement, in which a precision spindle is employed to rotate the roll workpiece and an air-bearing displacement sensor with a micro-stylus probe is employed to scan the microstructured surface of the roll workpiece. The resolution of the displacement sensor is 0.14 nm and that of the rotary encoder of the spindle was 0.15r~. Geometrical and mathematical models are established for analyzing the influences of the setting errors of the roll workpiece and the displacement sensor with respect to the axis of the spindle, including the eccentric error of the roll workpiece, the offset error of the sensor axis and the zero point error of the sensor output. Measurement experiments are carded out on a roll workpiece on which periodic microstructures are a period of 133 i~m along the circumferential direction. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the self-compensation method. The proposed method can be used to detect and compensate the setting errors without using any additional accurate artifact.     

高精度旋转变压器编码器电路的研制

作者基于RDC2S80解调芯片设计出一种硬件补偿型高精度旋转变压器编码电路,可将其角度测量分辨率由13位提高到15位,并且已成为地应用于某无刷直流力矩电动机驱动的高性能伺服系统中。     

基于FPGA的增量式编码器接口电路的设计

运动控制系统多数采用增量式光电编码器作为位置与速度的反馈测量元件。针对该编码信号特点,利用FPGA内部丰富的逻辑模块和IO模块灵活的可编程性,设计增量式编码器的接口电路,使之具有倍频、鉴相、计数等功能,并分析仿真结果验证设计的可行性,提高编码器的分辨率,进而实现高精度的位置伺服控制。     

航天级光电编码器的信号处理系统设计

为了实现航天级光电编码器的小型化,减小航天设备的体积、重量并满足其冷备份要求,设计了具有双读数系统的航天级光电编码器信号处理系统。首先,介绍了双读数系统航天级光电编码器的精码和粗码信号处理方法以及信号处理系统的小型化和可靠性设计;然后,从光电编码器误差产生的原因及空间分布特征出发,对双读数系统航天级光电编码器进行了精度分析;最后,采用比较法,以23位高精度光电编码器作为角度基准,对该光电编码器进行了精度检测。实验结果表明:应用该信号处理系统的双读数系统光电编码器的分辨力为20″,精度σ≤30″。该系统已在工程项目中得到应用,实践表明系统的设计满足航天设备的技术要求。     

单对磁极磁编码器的信号获取方案

磁编码器相对于光电编码器而言,具有结构简单且不受外界环境影响等优势,但其精度和分辨率较低.针对单对磁极磁编码器,设计了新型的磁体结构,对磁体周围的磁场分布及变化规律进行了理论推导及有限元分析,其中理论推导是从磁偶极子的磁场强度出发的,有限元分析采用的是ANSYS软件.进一步结合实验论证,确定了合适的信号获取方案,为后续的信号处理奠定了良好的基础.