V_2O_5复合薄膜材料的制备

本文采用了单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)与V2O5气凝胶进行复合.首先采用混酸处理的方法对SWCNTs进行预处理,然后与V2O5溶胶进行复合.V2O5复合气凝胶薄膜材料的制备过程,主要是以v205粉末、苯甲醇(BA)、异丙醇(IP)和SWENTs为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法、提拉法镀膜和溶剂替换的方法来制备.利用紫外.可见.近红外分光光度计、傅里叶红外光谱仪、原子力显微镜、透射和扫描电子显微镜等表征手段,研究了SWENTs复合V2O5气凝胶薄膜材料的结构和热处理对薄膜性能的影响.     

半导体型与金属型单壁碳纳米管的分离技术

目前用任何技术上可行的方法制备出的可用于商品化的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)均为金属型和半导体型碳纳米管的混合物,极大地阻碍了SWCNTs在纳电子器件领域的应用研究进程。实现不同结构与性能SWCNTs的分离是解决当前SWCNTs研究困境的有效途径。通过概述SWCNTs分离研究的最新进展,分析和比较近几年发展的分离金属型和半导体型SWCNTs的主要技术和方法,认为研发具有操作简便、高效、可规模化分离,且成本低廉等特点的SWCNTs分离技术仍是今后研究的重点。     

用低温加氢裂解法在AFI分子筛孔道中制备单壁碳纳米管的影响因素

用水热合成法制备出多种AFI型(AlPO4-5、CoAPO-5、SAPO-5、CrAPO-5、FeAPO-5及MnAPO-5)分子筛,并系统研究了低温加氢裂解法在其孔道中制备直径为0.4 nm单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)的各种影响因素。使用XRD、NH3-TPD及Raman等手段,研究了活性金属种类、活性金属添加量、反应温度和模板剂碳含量对所制备样品中SWCNTs的质量和填充密度的影响。结果表明,Si或活性金属的添加可改变AlPO_4-5分子筛的酸催化活性,进而影响低温加氢裂解法制备SWCNTs的质量和填充密度。加氢裂解温度和模板剂碳含量,也是影响SWCNTs制备的关键因素。     

场离子显微镜观测单壁碳纳米管

场离子显微镜是具有原子级分辨能力的尖端表面分析工具.它适用于纳米尺度的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)末端表面原子排列的观测.利用范氏力将SWCNTs组装到钨针尖上,用场离子显微镜观察了这种针尖样品.在观察过程中对针尖样品进行了加热处理,既除掉非晶的C原子,也破坏了由于碳纳米管切割制造过程使用表面活化剂引起的高电阻层,得到了开口SWCNTs的场离子显微镜像,由此推断出SWCNTs束的顶端原子结构,估算出观察到的SWCNTs的直径,并且模拟了其中一个图像所代表的SWCNTs顶端开口的原子排列,推断出产生这个图像的SWCNTs是(7,7)型结构.     

利用场发射显微镜研究单壁碳纳米管的场发射特性

利用场发射显微镜研究了单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)的场发射特性.由于实验中所用的SWCNTs的长度基本一致,因此能同时观察到多根SWCNTs的场发射像.SWCNTs的场发射像随着热处理温度的升高而变化,直至热处理温度过高而塌缩.在一定的实验条件下,观察到了具有精细结构的单根碳纳米管顶端"帽子"的场发射像.电流-电压(I-U)曲线分析表明,SWCNTs的电流来源于场发射.     

DNA功能化碳纳米管电极的制备及与青蒿素相互作用的研究

单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)通过羧基和氨基形成酰胺共价键联上了DNA,从而制得DNA生物功能化的碳纳米管修饰电极.傅立叶红外光谱表明DNA共价结合在SWCNTs上,同时用SEM表征了研究电极的形貌.循环伏安法(CV)研究表明,DNA修饰电极反应过程属于扩散控制过程.与青蒿素的相互作用研究结果表明,SWCNTs上的DNA分子具有生物活性,且能与其它生物分子发生相互作用.     

单壁碳纳米管/六角钡铁氧体复合材料的微波吸收性能

用电弧法制备含铁的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs), 并将其提纯之后掺杂到用溶胶-凝胶自燃法制备的M型六角钡铁氧体(BaFe₁₂O₁₉)纳米晶粉体中, 得到了具有网状结构的复合材料。利用同轴法测试了样品的电磁参数, 研究了不同混合比SWCNTs/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ 复合材料的吸波性能。结果表明: 复合粉体SWCNTs/BaFe₁₂O₁₉的磁损耗主要是由于自然共振和交换共振引起的; 当掺杂2%(质量分数)SWCNTs时, 微波反射衰减最大值可以达到 24.85 dB, 高于10 dB的频带宽度可以达到6.30 GHz, 具有较宽的吸波频段。      

基于溶液法的单壁碳纳米管水平取向排列研究进展

单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)以其优异的物理、化学及电学性质,在微纳米电子器件领域表现出巨大的应用前景。作为典型的一维纳米材料,SWCNTs呈现出随结构变化的不同导电属性和手性的多样性。然而,通常直接生长制备的SWCNTs是金属性和半导体性碳纳米管的混合物或不同手性结构的混合体,这在很大程度上限制了SWCNTs在电子器件领域中的实际应用。因此,首先需要精细分离出单一导电属性或单一手性的SWCNTs,以满足制作高性能碳纳米管器件的要求。此外,SWCNTs的一维特性使其在性能上显示出极其显著的各向异性,即大部分情况下其轴向性能要优于径向性能。因而,对于SWCNTs的进一步应用来说,其取向排列问题也显得尤为重要。基于上述两个方面的因素,近年来,直接生长后经分散分离处理的SWCNTs通过外界作用力实现其取向排布的方法(即基于溶液法的后排列的方法),引起了研究者们的极大关注。基于溶液法的SWCNTs取向排列方法,需要首先通过表面活性剂或小芳香分子、大环共轭物、核酸、多肽等生物分子的物理吸附或化学修饰来实现SWCNTs的分散及分离,然后结合各种物理、化学方法实现其水平取向排列。随着学者们研究的不断深入,迄今已报道了一些能够实现SWCNTs水平取向排列的简单易行的方法,包括剪切力诱导法、溶剂蒸发自组装法、Langmuir-Blodgett和Langmuir-Schaefer法、化学自组装法、真空过滤法、电磁场诱导法和模板法以及上述两种或几种方法的组合等。但是以上方法在大多数情况下依然存在比较严重的缺陷,如取向过程受分散体系的影响严重,分散及分离过程中会引入表面活性剂、聚合物分散剂等外来杂质并对后续器件制作造成不良影响,以及取向排列面积小、取向效果不理想等。因此,高性能碳纳米管器件的应用不仅需要取向碳纳米管的直径均匀、手性单一,而且需要高度取向、大面积以及取向密度均匀可控,这些仍是亟待解决的巨大的挑战。本文从不同分散体系中SWCNTs的水平取向排列原理出发,在对当前碳纳米管水平取向方法进行了分类的基础上,阐述了各种方法的研究进展现状,比较了其优缺点,并对其今后的研究与发展方向做出了展望。     

单壁碳纳米管分子光谱表征及应用的研究进展

不同结构的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)具有不同的光学性质。着重介绍了单壁碳纳米管的基本光学性质,概述了SWCNTs的吸收光谱、拉曼光谱和荧光光谱3种分子光谱表征技术及其在SWCNTs分离、传感等方面应用的研究进展。系统分析和比较了3种方法的特点,同时展望了分子光谱在SWCNTs表征方面的应用前景。     

单壁碳纳米管-聚合物复合导电薄膜的制备

基于聚合物乳液法,将单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)在阿拉伯树胶溶液中经过超声波振荡剥离后,与聚合物乳液直接混合,然后在室温下成膜,制备出了电渗流阈值为0.03%的SWCNTs-苯丙乳液复合导电薄膜,研究了SWCNTs在聚合物中形成导电网络的过程.TEM观察表明:在超声波和阿拉伯树胶溶液的共同作用下,单壁碳纳米管首先由束状被剥离成单根;进一步作用后其表面被缠绕包覆了一层阿拉伯树胶分子;添加其到聚合物乳液中,当添加量达到渗流阈值时,在聚合物乳液的成膜过程中SWCNTs会互相连接形成导电网络.     

Tailored SWCNT functionalization optimized for compatibility with epoxy matrices

We have modified single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with well defined matrix-based architectures to improve interface interaction in SWCNT/epoxy composites. The hardener and two pre-synthesized oligomers containing epoxy and hardener moieties were covalently attached to the SWCNT walls by in?situ diazonium or carboxylic coupling reactions. In this way, SWCNTs bearing amine or epoxide-terminated fragments of different molecular weights, which resemble the chemical structure of the cured resin, were synthesized. A combination of characterization techniques such as Raman and infrared absorption (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and coupled thermogravimetry-FTIR spectroscopy were used to identify both the functional groups and degree of functionalization of SWCNTs synthesized by the laser ablation and arc-discharge methods. Depending on the type of reaction employed for the chemical functionalization and the molecular weight of the attached fragment, it was possible to control the degree of functionalization and the electronic properties of the functionalized SWCNTs. Improved dispersion of SWCNTs in the epoxy matrix was achieved by direct integration without using solvents, as observed from optical microscopy and rheology measurements of the SWCNT/epoxy mixtures. Composite materials using these fillers are expected to exhibit improved properties while preserving the thermosetting architecture.     

Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane-grafted single-walled carbon nanotubes via click chemistry

Polyurethane (PU)-grafted carbon nanotubes were synthesized by the coupling of alkyne moiety decorated single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with azide moiety containing PU using Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition click chemistry. The azide moiety containing poly(s-caprolactone)diol was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization and further used for PU synthesis. Alkyne-functionalizion of SWCNT was completed by the reaction of p-aminophenyl propargyl ether with SWCNT using a solvent free diazotization procedure. Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopic measurements confirmed the functionalization of SWCNT. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed an excellent dispersion of SWCNTs, and specially debundling of SWCNTs could be observed due to polymer assisted dispersion. A quantitative grafting was successfully achieved even at high content of functional groups.     

Single Chirality (6,4) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Fluorescence Imaging with Silicon Detectors

Postsynthetic single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) sorting methods such as density gradient ultracentrifugation, gel chromatography, and electrophoresis have all been inspired by established biochemistry separation techniques designed to separate subcellular components. Biochemistry separation techniques have been refined to the degree that parameters such as pH, salt concentration, and temperature are necessary for a successful separation, yet these conditions are only now being applied to SWCNT separation methodologies. Slight changes in pH produce radically different behaviors of SWCNTs inside a density gradient, allowing for the facile separation of ultrahigh purity (6,4) SWCNTs from as‐synthesized carbon nanotubes. The (6,4) SWCNTs are novel fluorophores emitting below ≈900 nm and can be easily detected with conventional silicon‐based charge‐coupled device detectors without the need for specialized InGaAs cameras. The (6,4) SWCNTs are used to demonstrate their potential as a clinically relevant NIR‐I fluorescence stain for the immunohistochemical staining of cells and cancer tissue sections displaying high endothelial growth factor receptor levels.     

Atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide films for carbon nanotube network transistor passivation

Ultra-thin (2-5 nm thick) aluminum oxide layers were grown on non-functionalized individual single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and their bundles by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique in order to investigate the mechanism of the coating process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the uniformity and conformality of the coatings grown at different temperatures (80 degrees C or 220 degrees C) and with different precursors for oxidation (water and ozone). We found that bundles of SWCNTs were coated continuously, but at the same time, bare individual nanotubes remained uncoated. The successful coating of bundles was explained by the formation of interstitial pores between the individual SWCNTs constituting the bundle, where the precursor molecules can adhere, initiating the layer growth. Thicker alumina layers (20-35 nm thick) were used for the coating of bottom-gated SWCNT-network based field effect transistors (FETs). ALD layers, grown at different conditions, were found to influence the performance of the SWCNT-network FETs: low temperature ALD layers caused the ambipolarity of the channel and pronounced n-type conduction, whereas high temperature ALD processes resulted in hysteresis suppression in the transfer characteristics of the SWCNT transistors and preserved p-type conduction. Fixed charges in the ALD layer have been considered as the main factor influencing the conduction change of the SWCNT network based transistors.     

Solution‐Processing of High‐Purity Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electronics Devices

High‐purity semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (s‐SWCNTs) are of paramount significance for the construction of next‐generation electronics. Until now, a number of elaborate sorting and purification techniques for s‐SWCNTs have been developed, among which solution‐based sorting methods show unique merits in the scale production, high purity, and large‐area film formation. Here, the recent progress in the solution processing of s‐SWCNTs and their application in electronic devices is systematically reviewed. First, the solution‐based sorting and purification of s‐SWCNTs are described, and particular attention is paid to the recent advance in the conjugated polymer‐based sorting strategy. Subsequently, the solution‐based deposition and morphology control of a s‐SWCNT thin film on a surface are introduced, which focus on the strategies for network formation and alignment of SWCNTs. Then, the recent advances in electronic devices based on s‐SWCNTs are reviewed with emphasis on nanoscale s‐SWCNTs' high‐performance integrated circuits and s‐SWCNT‐based thin‐film transistors (TFT) array and circuits. Lastly, the existing challenges and development trends for the s‐SWCNTs and electronic devices are briefly discussed. The aim is to provide some useful information and inspiration for the sorting and purification of s‐SWCNTs, as well as the construction of electronic devices with s‐SWCNTs.     

Diameters of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and related nanochemistry and nanobiology

We reviewed and examined recent progresses related to the nanochemistry and nanobiology of signal-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), focusing on the diameters of SWCNTs and how the diameters affect the interactions of SWCNT with protein and DNA, which underlay more complex biological responses. The diameters of SWCNTs are closely related to the electronic structure and surface chemistry of SWCNTs, and subsequently affect the interaction of SWCNTs with membrane, protein, and DNA. The surfaces of SWCNT with smaller diameters are more polar, and these with large diameters are more hydrophobic. The preference of SWCNT to interact with Trp/Phe/Met residues indicates it is possible that SWCNT may interfere with normal protein-protein interactions. SWCNT-DNA interactions often change DNA conformation. Besides the promising future of using SWCNTs as delivering nanomaterial, thermal therapy, and other biological applications, we should thoroughly examine the possible effects of carbon nanotube on interrupting normal protein-protein interaction network and other genetic effects at the cellular level.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of SWCNT–polymer nanocomposite and its constituents

Elastic and engineering properties of nanoparticle enhanced composites and their constituents (matrix, reinforcement and interface) are calculated. The nanocomposites considered in this study consist of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) embedded in polyethylene matrix. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to estimate the elastic properties of SWCNT, interfacial bonding, polyethylene matrix and composites with aligned and randomly distributed SWCNTs. The elastic properties of bundles with 7, 9, and 19 SWCNTs are also compared using a similar approach. In all simulations, the average density of SWCNT–polymer nanocomposite was maintained in the vicinity of CNTs, to match the experimentally observed density of a similar nanocomposite. Results are found to be in good agreement with experimentally obtained values by other researchers. The interface is an important constituent of CNT–polymer composites, which has been modeled in the present research with reasonable success.     

单壁碳纳米管无纺布/环氧树脂复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能

采用一种导电材料预制体-单壁碳纳米管(Single-wall carbon nanotube,SWCNT)无纺布与环氧树脂复合制备了电磁屏蔽复合材料,并对所制复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能进行了表征。结果表明:所制复合材料对电磁波的屏蔽效率随SWCNT无纺布厚度的增加而增加。在较低的SWCNT无纺布填加量下所制复合材料可以实现对低频电磁波较高的屏蔽效率。不同于填加粉体导电材料所制电磁屏蔽复合材料,作为导电材料预制体使用的SWCNT无纺布是一个独立的整体导电薄膜,可以直接引入到基体当中,不存在分散问题。并且通过简单的导电预制体多层叠加的方式即可实现复合材料更高的屏蔽效率。     

Diameters of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and related nanochemistry and nanobiology

We reviewed and examined recent progresses related to the nanochemistry and nanobiology of signal-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), focusing on the diameters of SWCNTs and how the diameters affect the interactions of SWCNT with protein and DNA, which underlay more complex biological responses. The diameters of SWCNTs are closely related to the electronic structure and surface chemistry of SWCNTs, and subsequently affect the interaction of SWCNTs with membrane, protein, and DNA. The surfaces of SWCNT with smaller diameters are more polar, and these with large diameters are more hydrophobic. The preference of SWCNT to interact with Trp/Phe/Met residues indicates it is possible that SWCNT may interfere with normal protein-protein interactions. SWCNT-DNA interactions often change DNA conformation. Besides the promising future of using SWCNTs as delivering nanomaterial, thermal therapy, and other biological applications, we should thoroughly examine the possible effects of carbon nanotube on interrupting normal protein-protein interaction network and other genetic effects at the cellular level.     

A facile, one-step nanocarbon functionalization for biomedical applications

Despite their immense potential in biomedicine, carbon nanomaterials suffer from inefficient dispersion and biological activity in vivo. Here we utilize a single, yet multifunctional, hyaluronic acid-based biosurfactant to simultaneously disperse nanocarbons and target single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to CD44 receptor positive tumor cells with prompt uptake. Cellular uptake was monitored by intracellular enzyme-activated fluorescence, and localization of SWCNTs within cells was further confirmed by Raman mapping. In vivo photoacoustic, fluorescence, and positron emission tomography imaging of coated SWCNTs display high tumor targeting capability while providing long-term, fluorescence molecular imaging of targeted enzyme events. By utilizing a single biomaterial surfactant for SWCNT dispersion without additional bioconjugation, we designed a facile technique that brings nanocarbons closer to their biomedical potential.