光源和光照度对UHT奶脂氧化程度和感官品质的影响

为找到UHT奶贮存期内脂氧化程度和感官品质影响较小的光源及光照度范围,为UHT奶的合理贮存、流通条件的确定提供依据,研究在(23±1)℃贮存条件下,采用避光、白炽灯和日光灯进行不同光源照明实验,并在60～2000lx光照度范围内设置6种处理,进行不同光照度实验。结果表明,在(23±1)℃贮存条件时,日光灯照射对UHT奶脂肪氧化程度和感官品质的影响远大于白炽灯。同时在(23±1)℃下贮存时,采用日光灯照射其光照强度应低于950lx。     

不同部位冷却猪肉中脂肪酸组成与脂肪氧化的变化

研究英系大白阉公猪后腿肉、里脊肉和五花肉3个部位中肌间脂肪和皮下脂肪含量,并对其脂肪酸组成进行了分析,同时研究了腿肉在(4±0.5)℃避光贮存条件下脂肪氧化程度的变化,及其与脂肪酸组成的关系。结果表明,不同部位猪肉肌间和皮下脂肪酸组成均没有显著性差异(p>0.05);在(4±0.5)℃避光贮存期间(0～5d),肌间脂肪氧化程度显著高于皮下脂肪氧化程度(p<0.05),随着贮存时间的延长,到第5天时,后腿肉肌间脂肪TBA值已达到0.5mg/kg,其它部位肌间脂肪TBA值亦接近0.5mg/kg,而各部位皮下脂肪TBA值均在0.2mg/kg以下。一般来讲,当生肉的TBA值超过0.5mg/kg时,人就能感觉到有氧化异味。因此,控制肌间脂肪氧化是保证冷却肉良好品质的关键。     

猪腿肉脂肪酸组成及脂肪氧化的研究

本文研究了不同性别英系大白腿肉中肌间脂肪和皮下脂肪含量,并对其脂肪酸组成进行了分析,同时研究了腿肉在(4±0.5)℃避光贮存条件下脂肪氧化程度的变化,结果表明,不同性别猪腿肉肌间和皮下脂肪酸组成及含量均没有显著性差异(p>0.05);在(4±0.5)℃避光贮存期间(0～5d),肌间脂肪氧化程度显著高于皮下脂肪氧化程度(p<0.05),尤其到第5d时,肌间脂肪氧化指标-TBA值接近0.5mg/kg,而皮下脂肪TBA值低于0.2mg/kg。一般来讲,当生肉的TBA值超过0.5mg/kg时,人就能感觉到有氧化异味。因此,控制肌间脂肪氧化保证冷却肉良好品质的关键。     

不同性别猪肉脂肪酸组成与脂肪氧化稳定性

本文研究了不同性别猪腿肉中肌内脂肪和皮下脂肪含量,并对其脂肪酸组成进行了分析,同时分析了腿肉在冷藏避光贮存条件下脂肪氧化程度的变化。结果发现母猪肌内脂肪含量显著高于阉公猪肌内脂肪含量,而皮下脂肪含量母猪则远远低于公猪;母猪腿肉皮下脂肪中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量远远高于其在肌内脂肪中的含量,而阉公猪腿肉中肌内与皮下脂肪中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量没有显著性差异;另外阉公猪肌内脂肪氧化速率大于母猪。     

光对冷却肉脂肪氧化和色泽变化的影响

本文研究了不同光性质对脂肪氧化变化和色泽变化的影响。研究发现,选择照明光源(日光灯和白炽灯)时应根据贮存温度而定,在4±2℃温度下贮存时,两种光源对脂肪氧化程度影响之间不存在显著性差异(p>0.05),但日光灯照明可以延缓颜色发生变化,而在9±1℃温度下贮存时,采用白炽灯照明较适,可延缓脂肪氧化和变色发生。在4±2℃贮存温度下,采用日光灯照明时,光照强度低于750lux的情况下,光强大小对猪肉脂肪氧化和色泽变化的影响较小。在4±2℃贮存温度下,激发波长低于550nm的蓝光和绿光能明显加快猪肉脂肪氧化和变色。     

光照和温度对牦牛脂肪初期氧化的影响

以牦牛脂肪为研究对象,硫代巴比妥酸反应产物(TBARS)为氧化指标,研究了不同光照和温度对牦牛脂肪初期氧化的影响。结果表明:牦牛脂肪初期氧化发生于0～25 d((15±1)℃);在氧化初期,光照度为20 lx、不透光材料包装下脂肪TBARS的变化明显较964 lx、半透光材料包装及1 550 lx、全透光材料包装下平缓,且有15 d左右的滞后期,脂肪TBARS受非避光比避光影响大;(4±1)℃TBARS的变化明显滞后于(15±1)℃,且滞后期为10 d,反映出较低温度能明显抑制过氧化物的生成速度,最终影响TBARS,推迟脂肪氧化;(9±1)℃TBARS变化介于(4±1)℃和(15±1)℃之间,反映出温度对脂肪氧化的改变是温和均匀的。     

不同储藏条件下全麦片品质的稳定性分析

探讨储藏条件对全麦片储藏期间营养素损失和氧化稳定性的影响,为全麦片的储藏及其货架期的预测提供理论依据.以全麦片为原料,在4℃避光,25℃避光,25℃光照,45℃避光的储藏条件下储藏30 d,分别测定其维生素A含量、维生素E含量、过氧化值、脂肪酸值和酸价等指标,分析比较温度和光照等储藏条件对全麦片营养素和稳定性的影响.结...     

金华火腿传统加工过程中的脂肪氧化研究

取0、30、62、160和240d的金华火腿,提取肌内脂肪和皮下脂肪,分别测定脂肪中各组分的含量和氧化指标。结果表明,肌内脂肪中磷脂含量较多,皮下脂肪中甘油酯含量较多;在金华火腿加工过程中,肌内脂肪和皮下脂肪的酸价一直上升,过氧化值、羰基价和TBA值有升有降,但总体呈上升趋势,脂肪氧化程度不断增强。同时发现,肌内脂肪比皮下脂肪的氧化程度更高。     

紫薯酒花色苷在贮藏中的降解动力学研究

以紫薯酒为原料,探究了紫薯酒中花色苷在不同贮藏温度、p H和光照条件下贮藏的稳定性和降解动力学。结果表明:紫薯酒在贮藏过程中,花色苷受不同温度、p H和光照条件的影响,其降解规律符合一级反应动力学规律,反应速率常数k越大,半衰期t1/2越小。在5℃与25℃条件下较稳定,在37℃极易分解。p H为3.5时,紫薯酒花色苷稳定性最好。紫薯酒花色苷在避光条件下较稳定,在日光灯与室内散射光照射下易分解,在棕色玻璃瓶中贮藏可减少光照对花色苷的降解。因此紫薯酒在贮藏时应尽量保持低温和避光,将p H调整为3.5为宜。     

米糠油氧化稳定性研究及货架期预测

以精炼米糠油为原料,通过分析其理化指标与脂肪酸组成,探讨贮藏条件对米糠油氧化稳定性的影响,建立氧化反应动力学方程,预测米糠油的货架期。结果表明,米糠油脂肪酸中不饱和脂肪酸含量为77.45%,主要有棕榈酸17.77%、油酸46.74%、亚油酸29.34%。米糠油的氧化稳定性受光照、温度和氧气含量的影响,空气中氧气的存在会加速米糠油氧化,温度越高,氧化速度越快;不同光照条件下的稳定性依次为:避光>紫外光>自然光>日光灯。米糠油氧化遵循一级化学反应,其动力学模型为RTk e796.360.3564=,通过外推法得出米糠油20℃、25℃和30℃的货架期分别为1068 d、410 d、206 d。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press