中空NiO微球的微波水热制备及其表征

以六水合硝酸镍为镍源,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为表面活性剂,采用微波辅助水热方法制备前驱体α-Ni（OH）2,经过500℃热处理之后得到具有中空微纳结构NiO粉体。以XRD、SEM、TEM、UV-Vis测试手段,对样品进行了分析,并对其电化学性能进行初步的测试。结果表明合成的样品为立方晶系的NiO,其结构为中空球形。C-V曲线表明了样品具有典型的法拉第准电容,可逆性良好,具有良好的电化学稳定性。     

原位聚合法制备环氧树脂中空微球的工艺及性能表征

以水为核,OP-10为表面活性剂,环氧树脂为壳,采用原位聚合法,制备出"核-壳"型环氧树脂微球,真空干燥除去水得到中空的环氧树脂微球,并用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱和热失重对微球进行了表征。扫描电子显微镜结果表明,当OP-10质量分数约为4%、乙二醇初始温度为50℃时,制备的环氧微球具有较好的中空结构;红外光谱结果表明,所制备的环氧树脂中空微球固化较完全;热失重结果表明环氧树脂中空微球在失重10%时的温度为342℃,质量保存率为16%;激光粒度仪测试结果表明,环氧微球粒径分布范围为10μm~800μm,体积加权平均粒径为285μm。     

二氧化钛中空微球材料的研究进展

二氧化钛中空微球材料由于具有特殊的空心结构而表现出许多独特的物理化学特性,而空心结构又取决于制备方法.综述了喷雾反应法、模板法和一步法在二氧化钛中空微球材料制备中的最新研究进展,并展望了二氧化钛空心微球材料的应用前景.     

中空型聚合物微球的应用进展

中空型聚合物微球作为一种结构特殊的微球材料,目前已在涂料、造纸、生物医药、化妆品等多个行业有着广泛的应用。本文综述了中空型聚合物微球在多个行业中的应用,并对其功能化及应用前景进行了展望。     

无机中空微球的应用

中空微球是内部中空的特殊球形材料,与实心球和非球形材料相比,它具有许多特殊和优异的物理化学性质。本文中简单介绍了无机中空微球的特点和制备方法,对无机中空微球在催化剂、药物载体、树脂改性填料方面的应用做了比较全面的综述。中空微球由于其特殊的中空及介孔结构,作为催化剂时,可以提高催化活性,延长催化反应时间;作为药物载体时,可提高药物存储量,并延长缓释时间;中空微球的低密度、高比表面积使其适合作为填料,用于树脂的改性。     

中空介孔氧化硅微球的合成及改性研究进展

中空介孔氧化硅微球(HMSS)具有独特的结构和优异的物化性质,例如比表面积大、密度低、稳定性高、生物相容性好、表面渗透性强等,成为新型材料研究和开发的热点,广泛应用于催化、医药、环保、食品等领域。通过合成及改性方法总结了近年HMSS的研究进展,将合成方法分为软模板法、硬模板法和原位模板法,将改性方法分为化学改性法、物理改性法和原位改性法,并进行细化和优缺点说明。在此基础上,对HMSS今后发展方向进行展望。     

中空纳米微球制备及应用的研究进展

近年来，中空纳米微球的制备极大地吸引了国内外学者的目光。空心微球具有比表面大、质轻、高的流动性、高的堆积密度、不易团聚、可包容客体分子，填充到复合材料中不易引起应力集中等多种优异特性，在生产和生活中受到越来越多的重视。就目前国内外微球制备的研究状况，综述了近年来空心微球的制备原理、方法及应用，并对其制备技术的发展作了介绍。     

自组装囊泡模板法制备酚醛树脂中空微球

采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)复配体系自组装囊泡为软模板,水溶性酚醛树脂为前驱体,通过调控阴阳离子表面活性剂的摩尔配比得到了一系列酚醛树脂中空微球材料。对合成的材料通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、氮气吸附-脱附分析仪、热重分析仪(TG-DTA)等仪器进行了表征,得到酚醛树脂中空微球的最佳合成条件为n(CTAB)/n(SDS)=1.4、反应温度为70℃、反应时间为48 h、搅拌速率为400 r/min。合成的微球粒径在30～100 nm之间,球壳为多层膜结构,球壳总厚度在8～12 nm左右,结构具有良好的介观周期性。     

中空微球对硅橡胶基绝热材料性能的影响

研究了中空玻璃微球和中空酚醛微球对硅橡胶绝热材料工艺性能、绝热性能、烧蚀性能和密度的影响。结果表明:二者均能显著降低材料的密度和热导率;预处理工艺不仅可以改善材料的工艺性能,而且可大幅度提高材料的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率。中空酚醛微球对材料综合性能的影响明显优于中空玻璃微球。     

阳离子淀粉微球的合成与表征

以可溶性淀粉为原料,环己烷和水构成反相悬浮体系,Span60和Tween60为复配乳化剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂,采用反相悬浮聚合法合成中性淀粉微球,再用醚化剂GTA与中性淀粉微球反应,制得阳离子淀粉微球.以微球的平均粒径和溶胀度为指标,分析了不同因素对微球合成的影响.运用红外光谱、扫描电镜、粒度分析仪对产物进行了表征分析.实验结果表明,该阳离子淀粉微球结构致密、强度高,平均粒径为15.2μm,并接枝有季胺盐阳离子基团,可作为一种良好吸附载体.     

蓝光发光性能优异的氧化锌空心微球的制备及表征

本工作采用低温溶剂水浴热法, 以葡萄糖、柠檬酸盐为辅助剂, 首先制备了柠檬酸锌空心微球, 然后在空气气氛中500℃煅烧制得ZnO空心微球。应用XRD、TG-DSC、SEM、TEM、IR对产物的组成、结构以及形貌进行了研究, 研究发现该方法制备的前驱体为直径约为2 μm, 壁厚约为200 nm的空心微球。由前驱体煅烧后得到的ZnO空心微球由粒径为20~30 nm的纳米粒子组装成, 平均直径约为1 μm, 壁厚约为100 nm。此外还采用光致发光光谱仪(PL)对产物的光学性能进行了研究, 结果表明ZnO空心微球在激发波长为325 nm的条件下具有较好的蓝光发光性能, 发光峰位于469 nm处。     

镍-碳纳微米球的制备及其形成机制

由于对涂料中填料密度的进一步要求,使得低密度的填料成为研究的热点.采用可控碳化技术制备了低密度的碳球并通过化学镀膜工艺将碳球表面金属化,制备了直径为0.1～2.0 μm,密度约为1.04 g/L,球面含碳11.52%,合镍75.17%的镍-碳纳微米球.结果表明,含有-OH,C=O,-CH活性基团的纳微米碳球对于改善碳球...     

高邻位热塑性酚醛树脂的合成及固化性能

在常压条件下,合成了高邻位热塑性酚醛树脂,并考察了反应过程中催化剂种类、反应原料配比等因素对树脂性能的影响。通过软化点测试仪、核磁共振谱仪和热分析(TG-DSC)等研究了树脂合成过程中各制备参数对树脂结构和固化性能影响。结果表明:选择醋酸锌做邻位加成的第一催化剂,有机酸草酸做缩聚反应的第二催化剂,m(P)/m(F)比为1:0.7时合成酚醛树脂的O/P值较高,凝胶时间较短,固化反应更易进行。     

SiO2空心微球的制备与表征

以自制的微米级碳酸钙颗粒为模板,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,通过溶胶-凝胶方法合成出CaCO3/SiO2核壳结构;随后通过高温煅烧、酸浸和干燥处理,制备出圆形度高、分散性好、结构完整的微米级SiO2空心球。并利用SEM、XRD、FTIR、TG和压缩实验等方法对空心微球的形貌、结构和抗压强度进行了分析和测定。SiO2空心微球的粒径为2-5μm,壳层厚度为0.42-0.85μm,比表面积为554.01m^2/g,最可几孔径为1.7nm,抗压强度在20~30MPa之间。     

Test Conditions Effect on the Fracture Toughness of Hollow Glass Micro-sphere Filled Composites

Abstract:  Low-density sheet-moulding compounds based on hollow glass micro-spheres are usually classified as syntactic foams if the filler content is relatively high. Syntactic foams are potentially suitable materials for applications where impact loads occur as they are able to reduce impact force. The addition of hollow micro-spheres tends to increase the specific values in terms of impact force and, marginally, in flexural modulus for high-volume fractions of micro-spheres. In this study, the effects of load rate and of immersion of the specimens in water up to 67 days were studied on the flexural mechanical properties and particularly on the fracture toughness, K _IC. Hollow micro-spheres (Verre ScotchitTM-K20) with epoxy and polyester polymer binder were used. Fracture toughness, K _IC, flexural stiffness modulus and ultimate strength were obtained as functions of load rate and immersion time. The increase of load rate tends to increase stiffness modulus, but effects on K _IC were found to be only marginal. Ultimate strength increases significantly with the increase of load rate for epoxy-based composites, but for the case of the polyester-based foams, only a negligible effect was observed. The increase of the immersion time in water tends to reduce stiffness modulus. K _IC decreases slightly after 15 days for the polyester-based composites and after 67 days for epoxy-based foams, and only negligible effects on ultimate strength were observed.     

钠快离子导体NaLaS2和NaLaS1.5Se0.5的合成及表征

以Na2S、La和S或Se为原料在750℃下固相反应合成新型钠快离子导体NaLaS2和NaLaS1.5Se0.5.X射线衍射分析表明,NaLaS2和NaLaS1.5Se0.5具有相同的晶体结构,其空间群为FM3-M.通过在0.1Hz～100kHz的频率范围交流阻抗谱的测试,分析了这些快离子导体的离子导电性,发现在相同的温度下NaLaS1.5Se0.5的电导率高于NaLaS2.NaLaS2在30和90℃时的电导率分别为3.65×10-5和6.23×10-5S·cm-1,而NaLaS1.5Se0.5在30和60℃时的电导率分别为8.11×10-5和1.37×10-4S·cm-1.通过对合成物晶体结构的分析,推测这两种化合物的导电率差异可能来自于Se2-离子较高的极化能力,以及离子半径较大的Se2-引起的局部晶格扩大.     

高残炭热固性酚醛树脂的合成及表征

以萘酚部分替代苯酚合成了高残炭热固性酚醛树脂。研究了萘酚用量、催化剂用量、反应温度和时间对残炭率的影响,确定了合成工艺条件。用IR和TGA对产品的化学结构与热性能进行了分析测定,结果表明,树脂分子链中不稳定的醚键含量低于普通酚醛树脂,产品的分解温度为460℃,残炭率可达61.3%,适用于碳/碳复合材料和耐烧蚀材料的树脂基体。     

酚醛树脂空心微球的研究及应用进展

从酚醛微球制备的角度总结了近年来国内外制备酚醛树脂闭孔中空微球的各种方法,包括喷雾干燥法、发泡法、悬浮聚合法以及微胶囊法等,并简要介绍了酚醛树脂微球的性能及应用研究,结合目前的研究与应用现状、差距和问题对该领域的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Hollow micro- and nano-particles by gas foaming

This paper presents the results of a first successful attempt to produce hollow micro- and nano-particles of a large variety of materials, dimensions, shapes and hollow attributes by using an environmentally friendly and cheap technology, common in polymer processing and known as gas foaming. The central role played by ad hoc polymeric hollow micro- and nano-particles in a variety of emerging applications such as drug delivery, medical imaging, advanced materials, as well as in fundamental studies in nanotechnology highlights the wide relevance of the proposed method. Our key contribution to overcome the physical lower bound in the micro- and nano-scale gas foaming was to embed, prior to foaming, bulk micro- and nano-particles in a removable and deformable barrier film, whose role is to prevent the loss of the blowing agent, which is otherwise too fast to allow bubble formation. Furthermore, the barrier film allows for non-isotropic deformation of the particle and/or of the hollow, affording non-spherical hollow particles. In comparison with available methods to produce hollow micro- and nano-particles, our method is versatile since it offers independent control over the dimensions, material and shape of the particles, and the number, shape and open/closed features of the hollows. We have gas- foamed polystyrene and poly-（lactic-co-glycolic） acid particles 200 ~m to 200 nm in size, spherical, ellipsoidal and discoidal in shape, obtaining open or closed, single or multiple, variable in size hollows.     

Complex Hollow Nanostructures: Synthesis and Energy‐Related Applications

Hollow nanostructures offer promising potential for advanced energy storage and conversion applications. In the past decade, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the design and synthesis of hollow nanostructures with high complexity by manipulating their geometric morphology, chemical composition, and building block and interior architecture to boost their electrochemical performance, fulfilling the increasing global demand for renewable and sustainable energy sources. In this Review, we present a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and energy‐related applications of complex hollow nanostructures. After a brief classification, the design and synthesis of complex hollow nanostructures are described in detail, which include hierarchical hollow spheres, hierarchical tubular structures, hollow polyhedra, and multi‐shelled hollow structures, as well as their hybrids with nanocarbon materials. Thereafter, we discuss their niche applications as electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries and hybrid supercapacitors, sulfur hosts for lithium–sulfur batteries, and electrocatalysts for oxygen‐ and hydrogen‐involving energy conversion reactions. The potential superiorities of complex hollow nanostructures for these applications are particularly highlighted. Finally, we conclude this Review with urgent challenges and further research directions of complex hollow nanostructures for energy‐related applications.