Transflective In-Plane Switching Liquid Crystal Display

A single cell gap, single gamma curve, and low operating voltage transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) using an in-plane switching (IPS) cell is proposed. In the IPS cell, the pixilated transparent indium tin oxide electrodes are on the top substrate and the reflectors are on the bottom substrate. The electro-optic properties of the transflective IPS LCD are calculated using three-dimensional simulation software. By optimizing the reflector width, the voltage-dependent transmittance and reflectance curves can be matched     

IPS-LCD using a glass substrate and an anisotropic polymer film

A lightweight in-plane-switching liquid crystal display (IPS-LCD) using a single glass substrate and an anisotropic polymeric film is demonstrated. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned by the elongated polymer grain of the film. The alignment capability of the anisotropic film is comparable to a buffed polyimide layer. Compared to the LCD using two glass substrates, our new device exhibits a comparable contrast ratio (/spl sim/514:1), driving voltage, and response time because of good LC alignment. Such an anisotropic film can also function as a phase compensation film for widening the viewing angle. This technology is particularly attractive for making single-substrate displays and also has potential for a double-layered guest-host display and a flexible display using IPS LCDs.     

基于浮置电极的高透过率蓝相液晶显示器件设计

传统平面内扭转(In-Plane Switching,IPS)模式的聚合物稳定蓝相液晶显示器件由于死区(Dead Zone)的存在,导致了透光率较低的问题。通过引入浮置电极(Floating Electrodes),增强死区上方的横向电场强度,可以解决这一问题,提高蓝相液晶显示器件的总体透过率。引入浮置电极的蓝相液晶显示器件的电光特性由Techwiz3D程序仿真予以分析。我们定量计算了电极尺寸、工作波长和电极错位对电光特性的影响。仿真结果表明,引入浮置电极的IPS模式蓝相液晶显示器件的透过率提高了约15%,对显示应用中常见的3种可见光波长(450nm,550nm,650nm)的总体透过率都达到了约90%。该新型器件结构能够显著提升蓝相液晶显示器件的透过率,使之在新一代显示技术发展和竞争过程中获得更大的优势地位。     

In-Plane Switching Technology for Liquid Crystal Display Television

In-plane switching (IPS) technology used for liquid crystal display (LCD) TV is reviewed. Requirements of HD TV application are listed, and the main performances are compared among various competing display technologies. IPS LCD mode shows superior performances, satisfying the requirement for HD TV application.     

新型多畴扭曲向列相液晶显示器

提出在像素电极下方放置凸起物,获得具有宽视角特性的多畴扭曲向列相液晶显示器。该模式比传统的多畴TN模式摩擦过程少,工艺过程简单。在这种液晶显示器中,初始状态(未加电)时,分子排列结构和普通单畴TN模式相同,在加电压状态时,由于凸起物的存在,液晶分子沿着4个不同的方向排列形成多畴区域。文中运用专业液晶模拟软件模拟,对该液晶显示器的电光特性进行研究,结果表明,该液晶显示器具有宽视角、色散小及色彩还原性较好的特性。     

表面性能对胆甾相液晶显示性能的影响

文章主要通过胆甾相液晶显示器件在P态和FC态的反射特征谱线和微观结构来研究,表面性能对显示器件的反射率、多畴结构及阈值电压的影响。结果表明,摩擦取向促使胆甾相液晶形成比较规整的多畴结构,从而增大显示器件的反射率,表面材料的性能会影响显示器件的阈值电压。     

Quantitative Comparison of Color Performances Between IPS and MVA LCDs

Color gamut and color shifts of the film-compensated multi-domain in-plane-switching (IPS) and multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are calculated quantitatively using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and cold-cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlight. Simulation results indicate that the LED backlight exhibits better angular color uniformity and smaller color shifts than CCFL. In addition, the color gamut can be further widened and the color shift reduced when using color-sequential RGB-LED backlight without color filters. In general, both IPS and MVA LCDs show relatively small color shift under different backlights, but MVA has a lower color shift using the optimized uniaxial compensation films     

一种三元线性互补对偶码与自正交码的构造方法

有限域上线性互补对偶(LCD)码有良好的相关特性和正交特性,并能够防御信道攻击。自正交码是编码理论中一类非常重要的码,可以用于构造量子纠错码。该文研究了有限域F3上的LCD码。通过选取4种合适的定义集,利用有限域F3上线性码是LCD码或自正交码的判定条件,构造了4类3元LCD码和一些自正交码,并研究了这4类线性码的对偶码,得到了一些3元最优线性码。     

Development of QTAT online electronic circuit patterning system

An arbitrary pattern exposure system has been developed by employing a liquid crystal display (LCD) with 1600 /spl times/ 1200 pixels for the formation of projection images in place of a conventional reticle. The minimum pattern size becomes 11.5 /spl mu/m, which corresponds to the aperture size of each pixel on the LCD. For the purpose of quick turnaround time (TAT), the exposure system was directly connected to the circuit design system with the transmission control protocol/internet protocol network. From the experimental results on patterning of a typical electronic circuit data with the area of 46/spl times/ 46 mm, it was confirmed that the TAT from the output of design data to the finish of the exposure becomes less than 28 min. By using this system, reduction of the production cost in the printed wiring boards fabrication is expected.     

The dynamics of group codes: Dual abelian group codes and systems

Fundamental results concerning the dynamics of abelian group codes (behaviors) and their duals are developed. Duals of sequence spaces over locally compact abelian (LCA) groups may be defined via Pontryagin duality; dual group codes are orthogonal subgroups of dual sequence spaces. The dual of a complete code or system is finite, and the dual of a Laurent code or system is (anti-)Laurent. If C and C/sup /spl perp// are dual codes, then the state spaces of C act as the character groups of the state spaces of C/sup /spl perp//. The controllability properties of C are the observability properties of C/sup /spl perp//. In particular, C is (strongly) controllable if and only if C/sup /spl perp// is (strongly) observable, and the controller memory of C is the observer memory of C/sup /spl perp//. The controller granules of C act as the character groups of the observer granules of C/sup /spl perp//. Examples of minimal observer-form encoder and syndrome-former constructions are given. Finally, every observer granule of C is an "end-around" controller granule of C.     

A new COG technique using low temperature solder bumps for LCD driver IC packaging applications

A new chip on glass (COG) technique using flip chip solder joining technology has been developed for excellent resolution and high quality liquid crystal display (LCD) panels. The flip chip solder joining technology has several advantages over the anisotropic conductive film (ACF) bonding technology: finer pitch capability, better electrical performance, and easier reworkability. Conventional solders such as eutectic Pb-Sn and Pb-5Sn require high temperature processing which can lead to degradation of the liquid crystal or the color filter in LCD modules. Thus it is desirable to develop a low temperature process below 160/spl deg/C using solders with low melting temperatures for this application. In our case, we used eutectic 58 wt%Bi-42 wt%Sn solder for this purpose. Using the eutectic Bi-Sn solder bumps of 50-80/spl mu/m pitch sizes, an ultrafine interconnection between the IC and glass substrate was successfully made at or below 160/spl deg/C. The average contact resistance of the Bi-Sn solder joints was 19m/spl Omega/ per bump, which is much lower than the contact resistance of conventional ACF bonding technologies. The contact resistance of the underfilled Bi-Sn solder joints did not change during a hot humidity test. We demonstrate that the COG technique using low temperature solder joints can be applied to advanced LCDs that lead to require excellent quality, high resolution, and low power consumption.     

Sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) quantization and finite frames

The K-level Sigma-Delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) scheme with step size /spl delta/ is introduced as a technique for quantizing finite frame expansions for /spl Ropf//sup d/. Error estimates for various quantized frame expansions are derived, and, in particular, it is shown that /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ quantization of a unit-norm finite frame expansion in /spl Ropf//sup d/ achieves approximation error where N is the frame size, and the frame variation /spl sigma/(F,p) is a quantity which reflects the dependence of the /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ scheme on the frame. Here /spl par//spl middot//spl par/ is the d-dimensional Euclidean 2-norm. Lower bounds and refined upper bounds are derived for certain specific cases. As a direct consequence of these error bounds one is able to bound the mean squared error (MSE) by an order of 1/N/sup 2/. When dealing with sufficiently redundant frame expansions, this represents a significant improvement over classical pulse-code modulation (PCM) quantization, which only has MSE of order 1/N under certain nonrigorous statistical assumptions. /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ also achieves the optimal MSE order for PCM with consistent reconstruction.     

液晶电视材料进展

介绍LCD TV在垂直阵列（VA）、共面开关（IPS）和扭曲向列相（TN）等三种模式下，其工作电压和响应时间与液晶材料介电各向异性等主要参数的关系。探讨这三种模式对液晶材料主要参数的要求和这三种模式液晶材料发展状况。由Merck新开发的极性材料A、挥发性材料B以及强极性材料C可很好地改善LCD TV工作电压和响应时间。     

Array guided surface waves on a finite planar array of dipoles with or without a grounded substrate

The existence of array guided surface waves (AGSWs) on partially finite (finite /spl times/ infinite) array of dipoles in air have been demonstrated earlier; the work in this paper extends this study to fully finite (finite /spl times/ finite) planar arrays both in air and on a grounded material slab of infinite extent. Effects of AGSWs on scattering characteristics are examined and a ray interpretation is provided for the edge/corner excitation of AGSWs and conventional substrate surface waves.     

Lowpass delay filters with flat magnitude and group delay constraints

This paper describes the design of finite impulse response (FIR) delay filters that minimize a squared error and have prescribed number of zeros at /spl omega/=/spl pi/ and prescribed magnitude and group delay flatness at /spl omega/=0. An important special case is the design of least squared error lowpass filters with prescribed flatness constraints and zeros at /spl omega/=/spl pi/. Even though the flatness constraints are in general nonlinear functions of the filter coefficients, we show the remarkable fact that for a subclass of the filters a simple orthogonal projection of least squared error filters onto a special linear subspace determined via Baher (1982) filters gives the solution. The paper also introduces the notion of delay filters that are high-order approximations to the ideal delay and establishes their equivalence to Baher filters. This connection gives novel elementary derivations of Baher filters and their properties. Matlab programs are provided at the end of the paper for the design of filters described in this paper.     

High-accuracy FDTD solution of the absorbing wave equation, and conducting Maxwell's equations based on a nonstandard finite-difference model

We previously introduced high-accuracy finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithms based on nonstandard finite differences (NSFD) to solve the nonabsorbing wave equation and the nonconducting Maxwell equations. We now extend our methodology to the absorbing wave equation and the conducting Maxwell equations. We first derive an exact NSFD model of the one-dimensional wave equation, and extend it to construct high-accuracy FDTD algorithms to solve the absorbing wave equation, and the conducting Maxwell's Equations in two and three dimensions. For grid spacing h, and wavelength /spl lambda/, the NSFD solution error is /spl epsiv//spl sim/(h//spl lambda/)/sup 6/ compared with (h//spl lambda/)/sup 2/ for ordinary FDTD algorithms using second-order central finite-differences. This high accuracy is achieved not by using higher-order finite differences but by exploiting the analytical properties of the decaying-harmonic solution basis functions. Besides higher accuracy, in the NSFD algorithms the maximum time step can be somewhat longer than for the ordinary second-order FDTD algorithms.     

Characteristics of a 12-domain MVA-LCD

A multi-domain (12-domain) vertical alignment liquid crystal display (MVA-LCD) device is proposed and its electro-optic characteristics evaluated through a 3-D simulator. The MVA-LCD exhibits advantages in wide viewing angle, high transmittance, fast response time, and small color shift when a pair of wide view crossed circular polarizers is employed. Potential applications of this MVA-LCD for high quality LCD TVs and computer monitors are emphasized.     

Five-Primary-Color LCDs

We demonstrate a wide color gamut and high brightness LCD TV using a conventional cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlight with five-primary (red, green, blue, yellow, and cyan) colors. Without changing the CCFL backlight and pixel size, the color gamut is widened from $sim$72% to $sim$90% and meanwhile the white brightness is increased by more than 20%, as compared to the three-primary. We also validate our simulation results using a 32$^{primeprime}$ five-primary multi-domain vertical alignment LCD TV prototype. The agreement is reasonably good.      

一种四元厄米特LCD码与厄米特自正交码的构造方法

有限域上线性互补对偶（LCD）码具有良好的结构和性质,并在双用户加法器信道中得到了广泛的应用.自正交码是编码理论中一类重要的线性码,常被用于构造量子纠错码.本文根据有限域上线性码是厄米特LCD码或厄米特自正交码的判定条件,通过选取合适的定义集,构造出了四类四元厄米特LCD码和厄米特自正交码.同时,本文还研究了这四类线性码的厄米特对偶码,并得到了一些四元最优线性码.     

In-situ micro-digital image speckle correlation technique for characterization of materials' properties and verification of numerical models

In this study, improved cross-search, bicubic spline interpolation and finite element (FE) methods are implemented into conventional digital image speckle correlation algorithm in order to reduce correlation computational time, to increase deformation measurement accuracy, and to smooth deformation distribution. With the improved correlation algorithms, an integrated computer-aided-measurement system, called micro-digital image speckle correlation (/spl mu/-DiSC) is built. This system is then applied to characterize the thermal property and fracture behavior of the plastic ball grid array (BGA) assembly and underfill thin film, and employed to validate the material constitutive relationship for a flip chip package and the fatigue life prediction model for a BGA assembly. The demonstration results are found to be in good agreement with those obtained from thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA), finite element modeling (FEM), moire/spl acute/ interferometry (MI), and accelerated temperature cycling (ATC) test. Therefore, the system can be used as an effective experimental tool to characterize properties of electronic materials and verify findings of theoretical and numerical models for the establishment of reliability design methodology.