加油站证照管理中存在的问题与改进策略

随着我国市场经济的迅猛发展,对成品油销售企业造成巨大冲击,而加油站是其终端,并且企业总盈利主要是加油站盈利,因此,拓展了加油站非油品业务,经营范围呈现持续扩大的趋势,但导致加油站出现多种证照管理问题,对此,必须积极采用有效管理方法。     

大新加坡地区油品仓储市场分析

大新加坡地区是世界主要石油贸易中心之一，也是全球石油仓储行业战略要地。过去20年间，国际油气企业在此布局油品仓储设施作为公司国际化战略布局、多元化经营的方式，同时也是提升盈利能力与经营自主性的途径。然而国际形势多变和能源需求转向给仓储市场带来许多不确定性。文章综合考虑全球能源形势、当地油品进出口趋势、营商环境、竞争格局等因素，对大新加坡地区的油品仓储市场进行系统分析，以探讨在大新加坡地区投资建设油品仓储设施的可行性。     

中东液化石油气的定价

液化石油气(LPG)与原油和油品相比是一种小产品,其特点是定价和市场条件的单一性。1991年世界LPG总产量约14300万t,占全部油品供应量的4.5％;通过大型轮船海运的运量为3100万t,占油品海运贸易量的7％。中东是最大的出口地区,而沙特阿拉伯是最大的出口国。因此,Samarec的合同价已成为中东以外地区LPG现货和期货交易的唯一参考价格。     

霍尼韦尔收购万国油品公司全部剩余股份

11月17日,霍尼韦尔特殊材料集团总裁兼首席执行官Nance Dicciani女士在霍尼韦尔上海研发中心宣布:2005年11月底,霍尼韦尔公司将完成收购万国油品公司50％股权的任务,这意味着霍尼韦尔拥有了对该公司的完全所有权。万国油品公司是霍尼韦尔和联合碳化物公司 (陶氏化学公司的全资子公司)的合资企业。这次收购万国油品公司50％股权,霍尼韦尔将支付给陶氏化学公司8．25亿美元,以购买其拥有的万国油品公司股份,以现金和风险未偿债务的理算方式交割。万国油品公司是一家国际领先的供应商和许可     

2000年世界炼油技术展望和建议(上)

2000年世界油品需求将由1990年的3.27Gt增加至3.85Gt,年均增长率约为1.6％。在世界油品需求构成中,汽油将由26.3％降至25.8％,其他轻质油品需求比例均有增加,特别是柴油的需求比例增加较多,将由24.4％增至25.6％,燃料油的需求比例将有明显下降,由20.0％降至17.5％。这充分反映了世界范围用其他能源如天然气、煤和核能代替石油作为发电能源的趋势,同时也反映了在世界范围将以更多重质燃料油来生产运输燃料和石     

“新常态”下中国炼油产业发展现状与展望

过去十年,中国炼油产业在发展速度和发展质量上均取得了长足进步,但也面对着严峻挑战。本文从规模化、炼化一体化、盈利能力、油品质量升级、市场化和国际化等方面阐述了"新常态"下我国炼油产业的发展现状及趋势。     

国际石油市场回顾与展望

世界石油市场经历了1990～1991年的海湾危机后,在西方经济陷入衰退的影响下,一直处于低迷不振的疲弱状态。这种趋势主要表现为需求增长幅度减缓,油价偏低,炼油工业盈利不佳。1992年,尽管发达国家的经济出现了复苏迹象,但回升速度相当缓慢,对刺激石油需求增长没有形成强有力的支撑。据国际能源机构(IEA)估计,去年全球石油需求量仅上升0.4％,甚至低于1991年0.6％的增长幅度。世界石油市场是在原油和油品供应过剩的状况下进入1993年的。预料在新的一年中,全     

一种从油品中脱除和回收环烷酸的方法

本发明涉及一种从油品中脱除和回收环烷酸的方法。该方法是选取咪唑类衍生物中的一种或者5％～60％的醇溶液作为脱酸剂，在20-90℃的条件下，按剂油比为1：（1～15）与油品混合反应。油品中的环烷酸便会与咪唑类衍生物反应生成离子液体。反应结束后，利用离子液体与油品极性差异大的特点，实现酸值降低的油品相和离子液体相的快速高效分离。形成的离子液体可采用加热或加入少量挥发性酸的方法加以分解，从而可以将脱酸剂以及环烷酸高效率地回收。该法脱酸率可以达到85％以上；而且避免了大量水的引入，不存在乳化问题；并且溶剂的回收率高，可以连续循环操作。     

探索加油站转型升级 构建一体化商业价值链

随着成品油市场竞争日趋激烈、燃油销售利润走低,成品油销售企业单靠油品利润难以立足。当今,国内非油品业务盈利相较于发达国家还属于初步发展阶段,探索创新加油站零售行业的一体化价值具有无限潜力。为提升加油站整体价值,需要转型升级加油站商业体系,把加油站经营模式从传统销售商向现代化综合服务商转变,构建"人+车+生活"一体化综合服务商体系。     

功能型离子液体对燃料油的氧化萃取脱硫研究

合成了一系列含有不同阴离子的1一烷基一3一甲基咪唑型离子液体（ILs）,以35％H：0。及冰醋酸为氧化荆,采用直接萃取法、氧化萃取法考察了离子液体对模拟油品和实际油品的脱硫效果。结果表明,离子液体阴离子的酸性以及阳离子烷基碳链的长度对脱硫效果有显著影响,其中强酸性的硫酸氢盐类离子液体在IL：Oil：H2O2（体积比,下同）为1：25：1、30℃下对模拟油品与实际油品均有较高的脱硫率,对模拟油品一次脱硫率在90％以上,对抚顺石化二厂汽油、柴油一次脱硫率在80％以上,其中汽油硫含量降至lOmg·kg-1左右,达到欧V标准,显示了广阔的工业应用前景。     

对2000年我国化纤工业发展前景的预测

对我国化纤工业发展前景进行了预测。通过对资源、能源、基础工业和石油化学工业发展的定性、定量分析表明:今后我国的化纤工业增长速度不会很快,年增长率约为6%。为使我国的化纤工业在2000年形成一个内部结构合理、原料基本自给的生产体系,在90年代应集中力量建设化纤原科生产装置。     

Fe2(SO4)3溶液吸收H2S废气工艺研究

报道了一种新型的硫化氢废气处理工艺,包括化学吸收和空气氧化两步。硫化氢被转化为单质硫。通过探讨废气流量、入口H2S浓度、吸收液初始[Fe^3 ]、[F3^2 ]、pH值、吸收液体积、温度等因素对脱硫率的影响,确定了硫酸铁体系适宜的反应条件。在实验室有限条件下脱硫率达92％以上。工业上进一步强化气液传质,脱硫率可望达98％以上。采用常压空气氧化法再生Fe^3 ,建立了“吸收-再生-吸收”循环体系。     

Fenugreek seed oil

Summary Comparison of the heretofore known analytical constants of the fatty oil with those herein reported show that the order of magnitude thereof is substantially the same. The list has been increased, however, to include values not previously recorded. A separation of the fatty acids of this oil has been made with the following approximate results: palmitic acid, 7.3 per cent; stearic acid, 2.4 per cent; arachidic acid, 0.9 per cent; behenic acid, 0.6 per cent; oleic acid, 21 per cent; linoleic acid, 37 per cent; and linolenic acid, 19 per cent.     

中国石油市场结构和未来发展趋势

对2004年中国石油的消费结构和供应结构进行了分析,指出中国交通运输用油和石化工业原料消费已成为中国石油增长的主要推动力,到2020年这两项对石油的总需求将占石油消费总量的65%,仍然是拉动石油消费的主要力量。     

Determination of shale oil yields by petrographic analysis

Rundle-type oil shales from five Australian deposits (Rundle, Stuart, Condor, Byfield and Duaringa) contain abundant lamellar alginite that is easily recognized using fluorescence microscopy. Shale oil yield, as determined by modified Fischer assay, is directly related to the volume per cent of alginite in the parent shales for each of the above deposits. Data provided show that interdeposit estimates of shale oil yield, based on alginite content, are more reliable than estimates based on specific gravity of the parent shales. Application of petrographic techniques should provide rapid assessment of the shale oil yield for other deposits with Rundle-type oil shale. The method requires initial calibration of alginite content, in a limited number of samples, with Fischer assays.     

The saturated fatty acids of Japan wax

Summary Myristic and behenic acids, hitherto not reported therein, have been shown to be components of the glycerides of Japan “wax” in contrast to the nonexistence of an alleged heneicosanoic acid. Esterfractionation analysis revealed the following composition: myristic acid 1.9 per cent, palmitic acid 67.5 per cent, stearic acid 11.6 per cent, arachidic acid 0.04 per cent, behenic acid 0.01 per cent, unsaturated acids 13.6 per cent, and dicarboxylic acids 5.3 per cent. A preliminary investigation of the latter resulted in the isolation of an acid which by virtue of its melting point and molecular weight has been tentatively characterized as heneicosane dicarboxylic acid (C₂₃). However, final proof of identity must rest upon subsequent synthesis of this acid. This investigation is being supported by a grant from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation whose aid is gratefully acknowledged.     

The composition and properties of ragweed seed oil

Conclusions Ragweed seed contains approximately 19 per cent fat and 23 per cent protein. Large quantities of these seed can be readily obtained both from direct harvesting of the ragweed and from the cleaning of some commercial seeds. The fatty acid distribution in ragweed seed oil is as follows: palmitic acid—5.5 per cent; stearic acid—4.8 per cent; oleic acid—19.9 per cent; linoleic acid—69.8 per cent; linolenic acid—possibly traces. The composition of this oil indicates that it would have slightly better drying properties than soybean oil. The results of preliminary drying and heat-bodying experiments suggest the limited use of ragweed seed oil in paints and varnishes. No investigation has been made of the edible properties of ragweed seed oil but its relative freedom from linolenic acid indicates its use in the edible field. Ragweed seed oil contains about 1.2 per cent of a wax mixture which is made up of 55 per cent hydrocarbons, 23 per cent high molecular weight acids, and 22 per cent high molecular weight alcohols. Sterols occur in ragweed seed oil to the extent of 0.48 per cent of the weight of the oil. The unsaponifiable matter also contains high molecular weight hydrocarbons and alcohols. Pure mixed sterols were separated from the accompanying materials by the use of an adsorption process. Bromination of the acetates of the mixed sterols gave evidence for the presence of stigmasterol.     

The seed oil of the highbush cranberry

Summary The seed oil of the American variety of the highbush cranberry is, apparently, of unusual composition in that it contains only small amounts of saturated acids. It consists almost entirely of the glycerides of oleic and linoleic acids. Its calculated composition has been found to be oleic acid 58 per cent; linoleic acid 35.8 per cent; saturated acids 1.6 per cent; unsaponifiable matter 1.65 per cent.     

The composition and properties of ragweed seed oil

Conclusions Ragweed seed contains approximately 19 per cent fat and 23 per cent protein. Large quantities of these seed can be readily obtained both from direct harvesting of the ragweed and from the cleaning of some commercial seeds. The fatty acid distribution in ragweed seed oil is as follows: palmitic acid—5.5 per cent; stearic acid—4.8 per cent; oleic acid—19.9 per cent; linoleic acid—69.8 per cent; linolenic acid—possibly traces. The composition of this oil indicates that it would have slightly better drying properties than soybean oil. The results of preliminary drying and heat-bodying experiments suggest the limited use of ragweed seed oil in paints and varnishes. No investigation has been made of the edible properties of ragweed seed oil but its relative freedom from linolenic acid indicates its use in the edible field. Ragweed seed oil contains about 1.2 per cent of a wax mixture which is made up of 55 per cent hydrocarbons, 23 per cent high molecular weight acids, and 22 per cent high molecular weight alcohols. Sterols occur in ragweed seed oil to the extent of 0.48 per cent of the weight of the oil. The unsaponifiable matter also contains high molecular weight hydrocarbons and alcohols. Pure mixed sterols were separated from the accompanying materials by the use of an adsorption process. Bromination of the acetates of the mixed sterols gave evidence for the presence of stigmasterol. Journal Paper No. 45 of the Purdue Agricultural Experiment Station.     

3D打印混凝土技术在澳大利亚的最近研究进展

3D打印,又被称为增材制造,是通过逐层累积叠加制造三维物体的一种技术手段。过去几年中,这种技术吸引了越来越多来自建筑业的关注。与传统混凝土浇筑技术相比,3D打印混凝土的应用可以实现更加高效的自由建筑制造,同时减小对人工劳动力的依赖。在全球范围内,由于相关高校和科研单位的积极参与,关于3D打印混凝土的研究工作取得了巨大的进展,其中包括澳大利亚的相关研究。本文主要对澳大利亚在3D打印混凝土研究方面有代表性的两所高校的最新进展进行介绍,两所学校分别是皇家墨尔本理工大学(RMIT大学)和斯威本科技大学。本文首先介绍了两所高校的打印设备及其特点,随后讨论了具体研究领域和近期发表的相关文章。RMIT大学主要侧重于研究纤维增强对3D打印混凝土力学性能方面的影响,而斯威本科技大学则着重研究3D打印地聚物混凝土的性能。本文旨在促进相关领域研究人员对澳大利亚3D打印混凝土研究团队和研究进展的理解。